• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.417-430
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• 2006

We focused on improvement in simulation of wind fields for the complex coastal area. Local Analysis and Prediction System(LAPS) was used as a data assimilation method to improve initial conditions. Case studies of different LAPS inputs were performed to compare improvement of wind fields. Five cases have been employed : I) non data assimilation, II) all available data, III) AWS, buoy, QuikSCAT, IV) AWS, buoy, wind profiler, V) AWS, buoy, AMEDAS. Data assimilation can supplement insufficiency of the mesoscale model which does not represent detailed terrain effect and small scale atmospheric flow fields. Result assimilated all available data showed a good agreement to the observations rather than other cases and estimated veil the local meteorological characteristics including sea breeze and up-slope winds. Result using wind profiler data was the next best thing. This implies that data assimilation with many high-resolution sounding data could contribute to the improvements of good initial condition in the complex coastal area. As a result, these indicated that effective data assimilation process and application of the selective LAPS inputs played an important role in simulating wind fields accurately in a complex area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.43-58
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• 2017

This study aims to provide basic understanding for evaluating the quantitative and qualitative progress of national protected areas, through the theoretical review of Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 in order to comply with recommendations of international community and to conserve biodiversity. As a result of the study, Aichi Biodiversity Target 11 sets out the specific contents that the Parties should achieve for protected areas by identifying them as temporal and spatial goals. The temporal goal, the time schedule for achieving the goal, is 2020, and the spatial goal is divided into quantitative expansion goals and qualitative improvement goals. The quantitative expansion goals present the target coverage of protected areas separately terrestrial and marine. The qualitative improvement goals include the target areas for conservation and five conservation considerations. The conservation targets focus on the important areas with regard to biodiversity and ecosystem services. The five conservation considerations mean effective management, equitable management, ecological representativeness, connectivity, and integration into the landscape and seascape for protected areas. Finally, it suggests that two tracks of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures(OECMs) should be used as conservation measures to build an integrated system. The results of this study can be applied to quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods for protected areas and it can contribute to achieve quantitative expansion goals and qualitative improvement goals for them.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.249-265
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• 2019

A passive sampler is one of the promising methods to easily and more accurately predict the free dissolved and bioavailable concentration ($C_{free}$) in seawater or pore water in sediments. In Europe and the United States, the use of passive samplers has been highly encouraged for more accurate marine environmental risk assessment. However, long deployment time in the field causes problems such as biofouling of the samplers, so there are few studies using passive samplers in Korea. Therefore, we review the principle and basic characteristics of the passive sampler for persistent organic pollutants, and introduce various improvement cases for the field applications of the passive sampler.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.185-200
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• 2021

The Marine Environment QA/QC management system has been operated since 2010 to secure the reliability of data and improve the analysis capabilities of measurement and analysis institutions. From 2010 to 2020, the cumulative number of measurement and analysis institutions participated in the QA/QC management system was 266. And the number of certificates issued by the ministry of oceans and fisheries is 182. A total of 32 reference materials for proficiency testing and interlaboratory comparisons have been developed. They were first developed focusing on items (Nutrients, COD) commonly analyzed in marine environmental measuring network, marine pollution impact surveys, sea area utilization impact assessment, deepsea water surveys, and information network on fishing ground environments. In addition, it is time to expand the filed of the QA/QC management system, such as seawater temperature, salinity, PCBs and PAHs in sediments, which are mainly analyzed in most monitoring programs. On-site assessment has been conducted for 162 laboratories according to ISO/IEC 17025 to evaluate their conformity of the quality management system and deficiency. In terms of management and technology requirements, about 4.2% of organizations showed insufficient division of duties among employees 8.7% of them revealed the lack of employee training. By test item, about 6.3% of organizations showed the lack of standard substance management and the state of the cleaning glassware was pointed out in about 5.4% of them. The QA/QC management system should be continuously supplemented by identifying the causes of nonconformities and area for improvement.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.39-46
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• 2019

Most of the soil used for reclamation is marine clay generated from dredging construction.The soft ground made of dredged clay has high water content and high compressibility, so the bearing capacity of the ground is very weak and it is difficult to enter the ground improvement equipment. Therefore, surface hardening treatment method is used to enter equipment prior to full-scale civil engineering work, and stabilizer is mainly used for cement series. Cement-based stabilizers have the advantage of improving the ground in a short period of time and have excellent economic efficiency, but they are disadvantageous in that they cause environmental problems due to leaching of heavy metals such as hexavalent chromium. In this study, environmental effects evaluation of dredged clay mixed with normal portland cement and environmentally friendly stabilizer was evaluated, and uniaxial compressive strength test and indoor model test were conducted to confirm the bearing capacity characteristics of the solidified layer.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.33-43
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• 2013

That occur in the ocean and the efficient management of marine litter on marine pollution oil spill response one step further strategies are needed. Marine pollution accidents occurred in 2011, a total of 287 and was found in runoff 369 kL, respectively compared to the previous year decreased by 13% and 39%. Average amount of marine materials during 5-years represent the oil flow of 310.5 kL (heavy fuel oil of 106.0 kL, diesel of 178.9 kL, oily bilge water of 22.3 kL, other oil of 7.7 kL) and the waste of 62.3 tons, the hazardous and noxious substances (HNS) was 510.6 kL. Marine emissions in 2011 by type of waste that a total amount of dumping 3,972 $m^3$, and livestock manure 795 $m^3$(20%), waste water 1,431 $m^3$(36%), sewage sludge 887 $m^3$(22%), wastewater sludge, 813 $m^3$(21%), manure 5 $m^3$(0.1%), other 41 $m^3$(0.9%), respectively. The concept of marine waste and needs to be more clearly defined. Integrated management of hazardous chemicals according to the incident management system should be established. To remove of coastal pollution, response officer needs korean coast response system. Like the marine pollution response, coastal pollution response systems also require step response.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.70-80
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• 2007

This study was surveyed from January to september, 2007 in order to evaluate the function of coastal wetland as a ecological axis in korea peninsula. Assessment was done by RAM (Rapid Assessment Method). RAM is consisted of total 8 contents and divided into high, moderate, low. The preservation grade of RAM is divided into 4 grades; absolute preservation, preservation, improvement and improvement or restoration. Throughout survey on total 14 wetlands of marine, estuary wetland and back marsh which are distributed in west coast in chung-nam province, their function was assessed. As result, total all the 14 wetlands were judged as preservation grade by assessment of 8 functional contents. The function of wetlands assessed as preservation grade showed high in water quality protection and improvement. Also, showed high in vegetation diversity, wildlife habitat and aesthetic recreation. Meanwhile, showed low in ground water recharge, Shoreline/Stream Bank Protection, Flood/Stormwater storage and Flood flow alteration. Of wetlands evaluated as preservation grade, Dae-ho, Sinduri, Bu-Nam lake, Sowhang dune and keum river estuary were assessed as absolute preservative area owing to habitation of international protection species and endangered species. These wetlands are essential to be managed continuously as a area having high ecological value. Farther, this wetlands will be done as a axis of ecological network related to land ecosystem.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.5-13
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• 2014

This paper presents the results of a numerical investigation on applicability of Light-weighted Foam Soils (LWFS) consisted of dredged soils for soft ground improvement. The engineering properties of LWFS were comprehensively investigated based on the previous experimental tests. And three dimensional numerical models which reflect soft ground conditions were adopted to evaluate the applicability of LWFS compared to SCP and DCM. A number of cases were analyzed using a stress-pore pressure coupled model. The results indicated that LWFS method enables to reduce more settlement, lateral flow and heaving than SCP method and enable to reduce more residual settlement than DCM method. Also it was revealed that such effect depends on the properties of LWFS such as unit weight, unconfined compressive strength, deformation modulus and Poisson's ratio.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.485-494
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the improvement effect of 5% turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on the blood glucose and lipid metabolism function of streptozotocin (STZ, 45 mg/kg body weight)-induced diabetic rats. Seven-week-old male rats were divided into four groups (n=6), and fed experimental diets containing turmeric meal [basal diet+5% turmeric (BT), basal diet+STZ+5% turmeric (ST)], and control (BD), BS groups (basal diet+STZ). The results of this study, turmeric diet groups (BT, ST) in lipid component as evidenced from the significantly reduction of serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol), atherosclerotic index (AI), cardiac risk factor (CRF), triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL), free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, uric acid, blood glucose, non esterified fatty acid (NEFA), and elevation of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol). The serum albumin and globulin contents were increased in turmeric supplementation diet than STZ-induced diabetic rats (p<0.05). Concentrations of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) in sera were lower in the turmeric diet than diabetic group. Total calcium (T-Ca), phosphorus (Pi) and potassium (K) concentrations in sera were higher in the BT, ST and BD groups than BS group. In vivo experiments with Sprague-Dawley rats showed that ingestion of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) were effective in the blood glucose and lipid metabolism functional improvement.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2022

MOF strengthen the law and institutions for safety management after the capsize accident of passenger ship "Sewol" on April 16, 2014. Nevertheless, about 13 cases of marine accidents such as collisions, contact, and stranding have occurred in coastal passenger ships over the past 5 years. Particularly, according to the judgment of KMST, most of the main causes of passenger ship accidents occurred within harbor areas because of the master's improper ship-handling or inattention. And so, this study analyzed four cases of marine accidents on passenger ships that occurred in the port areas and examined the environmental, institutional, material, and human factors that contributed to the master's improper ship-handling and behavior, and the results are as follows. First, as an environmental factor, the size of the turning basin was not enough. Second, as an institutional factor, the VTS control was not properly supported, the master lacked sufficient training for safe ship-handling in the port area and up-to-date charts were not provided. Third, as a material factor, the digital type speed log capable of the ship's speed in real-time was not installed on the ship's wing bridge. Lastly, as a human factor, the master could not take proper bridge resources and the passage plan was not proper. Therefore, it is suggested in this paper that the size of the turning basin should be adjusted to meet the prescribed standards, the master of passenger ships should receive the ship-handling simulation training among other safety training to ensure safe ship-handling of the master in the port area as improvement measures.