• 약학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.345-351
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• 1997

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the inhibition of $Na^+,\;K^+$-ATPase, cyclicAMP phophodiesterase and platelet activation by secondary metabolites isolated from mar ine organisms. The secondary metabolites were isolated and identified as six diterpenoids(1 : astrogorgin, 2 : ophirin, 3 : calicophirin B, 4, 5 and 6 : cladiellin) from the dichloromethane extract of Muricellajsp., four ceramides(1,2,3, and 4) from Acabaria undulata and three antharaquinones(1,2 : crysophanol, and 3 : physcion) from Urechis unicintus. The results demonstrated that diterpenoids(2,3, and 4) showed the inhibition of cyclicAMP phosphodiesterase, and ceramides(1,3, and 4) showed the inhibition of cyclicAMP phosphodiesterase and thrombin(0.1 units/ml)-induced aggregation of washed rabbit platelet, and anthrapuinones((1,2, and 3) showed the inhibition of $Na^+,\;K^+$-ATPase. Among the anthraquionones, 1,2-dimethoxy-3-methyl-8-hydroxy-anthraquinone(1) showed the inhibition of collagen(1.0 ${\mu}g$/ml)-induced aggregation in a concenration-dependent manner with IC50 value of 42.8 ${\mu}g$M.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2011

This study investigated the physicochemical and enzymatic properties of unmarketable cultured bastard halibut (Paralichthys olivaceus) of different weights as a potential source of surimi and surimi gel. The proximate composition of cultured bastard halibut of different weights did not differ significantly at P<0.05 (light weight (LBH) 400~500 g, medium weight (MBH) 600~800 g, and heavy weight (HBH) > 1,000 g). Compared to Alaska pollock muscle, the bastard halibut muscle had a 4% higher crude protein content and 6% lower moisture content. The collagen content of LBH bastard halibut muscle was 1.58 g/100 g, which was lower than or no different from bastard halibut weighing different amounts. Regardless of fish weight or pH, the enzymatic activities of crude fish extracts ranged from 0.34~0.48 U/mg for casein and hemoglobin, 11.0~12.7 U/mg for LeuPNA, 5.4~6.1 U/mg for ArgPNA, 2.3~2.9 U/mg for SAAPFNA, and 0.1~0.2 U/mg for BAPNA. The yield of surimi gel from LBH was 24.4%, which was similar to that from MBH and lower than that from HBH. The surimi gel from LBH was similar to that from HBH, while weaker than that from MBH. The surimi gel from LBH gel was stronger than grade SA gel from commercial Alaska pollock.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.598-605
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• 2010

This study investigated the physicochemical and enzymatic properties of unmarketable bastard halibut (Paralichthys olivaceus) cultured in different regions (i.e., Jeju, Wando, and Geoje) as a potential source of surimi and surimi gel. The proximate composition of unmarketable bastard halibut cultured in different regions did not differ significantly at P<0.05. Compared to Alaska pollock muscle, all of the unmarketable bastard halibut muscle had a 4% higher crude protein content and 5% lower moisture content. The collagen content of bastard halibut muscle cultured in Jeju was 1.96 g/100 g, which was higher than in fish cultured in other regions. Regardless of the region where cultured or pH, the enzymatic activities of the crude extracts from unmarketable bastard halibut muscle ranged from 0.30.0.48 U/mg for casein and hemoglobin, 11.9.13.7 U/mg for LeuPNA, 5.6.6.7 U/mg for ArgPNA, 2.8.4.7 U/mg for SAAPFNA, and 0.1.0.2 U/mg for BAPNA. Regardless of region, no mercury or lead was found in any of the unmarketable bastard halibut muscle, except for lead in fish cultured in Geoje. The strength of surimi gels from unmarketable bastard halibut cultured in Jeju, Geoje, and Wando was 1059, 988, and 900 g${\times}$cm, respectively. The surimi gel from unmarketable bastard halibut cultured in Jeju was stronger than commercial Alaska pollock surimi, which was grade SA.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.543-551
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• 2021

Nocardiopsis species produce bioactive compounds, such as antimicrobial and anti-cancer agents and toxins. However, no reports have described their anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects during nasal polyp (NP) formation. In this study, we investigated whether marine-derived bacterial Nocardiopsis sp. 13G027 exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced NP-derived fibroblasts (NPDFs). Nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) levels were analyzed. Extract from Nocardiopsis sp. 13G027 significantly inhibited the upregulation of NO and PGE₂ in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages was evaluated; smooth muscle alpha-actin (α-SMA), collagen type I (Col-1), and fibronectin also phosphorylated small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) 2 and 3 in TGF-β1-stimulated NPDFs. The Nocardiopsis sp. 13G027 extract suppressed the phosphorylation of MAPKs and Akt and the DNA-binding activity of activator protein 1 (AP-1). The expression of pro-fibrotic components such as α-SMA, Col-1, fibronectin, and SMAD2/3 was inhibited in TGF-β1-exposed NPDFs. These findings suggest that Nocardiopsis sp. 13G027 has the potential to treat inflammatory disorders, such as NP formation.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.104-112
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• 2012

The fruit of Terminalia chebula Retzius has been used as a panacea in India and Southeast Asia but its biological activities have not been fully elucidated. Here we report anti-arthritic and analgesic effect of NDI10218, a standardized ethanol extract of Terminalia chebula, on collagen-induced arthritis and acetic acid-induced writhing model, respectively. Arthritis was induced in DBA/1J mice by immunizing bovine type II collagen and mice were treated with NDI10218 daily for 5 weeks after the onset of the disease. NDI10218 reduced the arthritis index and blocked the synovial hyperplasia in a dose-dependent manner. The serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, and IL-$1{\beta}$ were significantly reduced in mice treated with NDI10218. Production of the inflammatory IL-17, but not immunosuppressive IL-10, was also inhibited in splenocytes isolated from NDI10218-treated arthritis mice. Administration of NDI10218 markedly decreased the number of T cell subpopulations in the regional lymph nodes of the arthritis mice. Finally, NDI10218 reduced the number of abdominal contractions in acetic acid-induced writhing model, suggesting an analgesic effect of this extract. Taken together, these results suggest that NDI10218 can be a new therapeutic candidate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.849-860
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• 2009

전복의 생육 단계, 즉 1, 2, 3 및 4년생의 육과 내장의 이화학적 성분분석 결과를 비교 하였다. 육의 조단백질은 4년생이 $9.83{\pm}0.19%$로 가장 많은 함량을 보였다. 조지방은 4년생이 $0.18{\pm}0.02%$로 가장 많았으며, 회분은 1년생이 $2.06{\pm}0.12%$로 2년생의 $1.73{\pm}0.18%$와는 유의적인 차이로 가장 많은 함량 이었다. 그리고 3, 4년생 전복의 탄수화물 함량은 1, 2년생과는 유의적인 차이로 다소 높은 함량 이었다. 육과 내장을 비교하면 육이 수분과 조단백질 함량이 많고, 내장이 조지방, 회분 및 탄수화물 함량이 높았다. 1년생 전복 육의 총 구성아미노산 함량은 $19,046.00{\pm}548.53\;mg%$로 다른 실험구와 큰 차이로 가장 많았으며, 4년생 전복의 경우는 $15,770.44{\pm}454.19\;mg%$로 가장 적었다. 내장의 구성아미노산 총 함량은 3년 전복 내장이 $16,575.10{\pm}477.37\;mg%$로 가장 많은 함량이고, 1년생이 14,947.26 mg%로 가장 적었으며, 연령이 높아짐에 따라 대체로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 육의 유리아미노산 총 함량은 3년생 전복이 $4,261.99{\pm}106.55\;mg%$로 가장 많았으며, 다음으로 4년생이 $4,119.98{\pm}103.00\;mg%$, 2년생이 $3,813.86{\pm}95.34\;mg%$ 및 1년생이 $3,800.81{\pm}95.02\;mg%$ 이었다. 내장의 경우는 1년생 전복의 내장에 $3,011.44{\pm}75.29\;mg%$로 가장 많았고, 4년생이 $2,531.70{\pm}63.29\;mg%$로 가장 적어 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 생육 단계에 따른 전복 육의 포화지방산 함량은 $45.01{\pm}0.81{\sim}48.12{\pm}0.77%$, 단일불포화지방산은 $20.91{\pm}0.40{\sim}22.96{\pm}0.41%$ 및 다가불포화지방산은 $29.54{\pm}0.48{\sim}32.03{\pm}0.58%$의 조성 이었으며, 포화지방산은 4년생이, 단일불포화지방산과 다가불포화지방산은 2년생이 가장 많았다. 전반적으로 전복에는 불포화 지방산이 다량 함유되어 있었다. 콘드로이친황산 함량은 육이 y=1.651x+7.9241이며, R2값은 0.9333으로, 내장이 y=0.4268x+6.3757이고, R2값은 0.9523 으로 모두 증가하는 경향이었다. 육의 콜라겐 함량은 연령이 높아짐에 따라 급격히 감소하는 경향 이었는데, y=-53.504x+250.43에 R2값 0.9612로 감소하였고, 내장도 이와 유사하게 1년생이 $98.97{\pm}2.48\;mg/g$에서 y=-22.002x+125.8에 R2값 0.8907의 경향으로 유의성 있게 감소하였다. 이상의 결과는 전복의 다양한 연구의 기초 자료로 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2006

Fish-frames are processing byproducts, which are left after obtaining fillets or muscle during fish processing. The fish-frame generally consists of muscle, collagen, calcium, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). We used fish-frame powder (FFP) of chum salmon and skipjack tuna to prepare and characterize snacks for human consumption with different proportions of FFP. The crude protein and lipid contents of fish-frames were 16.3 and 9.4% for chum salmon and 18.6 and 8.3% for skipjack tuna, respectively. The volatile basic nitrogen (30.6 mg/100 g) and browning index (0.393) of FFP from chum salmon were lower than those of FFP from skipjack tuna. Thus, the FFP of chum salmon was better for making snacks than that of skipjack tuna. Five snacks were prepared with 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40% (w/w) substitution ratios of FFP from chum salmon. The moisture content of the snacks decreased (33.6 to 11.5%) with increasing FFP substitution ratio, whereas crude ash (2.9 to 7.5%), protein (11.4 to 18.4%) and lipid (13.7 to 35.1%) increased. Sensory scores for the texture and taste of the snack with 30% FFP were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those for other snacks; the color and flavor scores of all snacks did not differ significantly. The major fatty acids in the snacks were 16:0 and 18:0 as saturates, 18:1n-9 as monoenes, and 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 as polyenes. Snacks with FFP contained small amounts of EPA (0.5 to 0.8%) and DHA (1.3 to 1.8%) in the total lipid composition. The total amino acid content (16.08 g/100 g) of the snack with 30% FFP was higher than that of the snack without FFP (11.18 g/100 g), and the major amino acids were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, leucine, and lysine. The calcium and phosphorus contents of the snack with 30% FFP were 1,272 mg/100 g and 854 mg/100 g, respectively, and their ratio was the optimal range (2:1 to 1:2) for body absorption efficiency.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.355-359
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• 1998

식물중에서 배당체 일종인 saponins을 다량 함유한 시호(Bupleurum falcatum)로부터 생체 조절 기능을 갖는 유효성분을 분리하여 혈소판 활성화 작용을 통하여 뇌심혈관계 질환 연구에 이용하고자 시호 용매 분획물에서 분리 및 동정한 Saikosapini을 thronbin, collagen, arachidonic acid 등의 효능제(agonist)와 세포의 $Ca^{2+}$ 의존성을 비교연구하였다. 시호 용매추출물 중에 acetone 추출물이 혈소판 응집작용이 강하며, 그 유효성분을 분리 및 동정한 saikosaponin a와 d는 C16 위치에 각각 ${\alpha}와\;{\beta}$형의 OH기를 갖는 이성체로, saikosapnin d가 a보다 강한 응집작용을 갖는 구조활성관계를 나타내고 있다. 각 효능제에 따라서 혈소판 활성화에 대한 세포의 $Ca^{2+}$ 의존성은 thrombin > colagen $\geq$ PAF>PMA> arachidonic acid $\geq$ Ionophore A23187순으로 나타났다. 시호 추출물 및 saikosaponin의 혈소판 활성화 작용은 기존 효능제와 다른 세포의 $Ca^{2+}$의존성을 나타내는 것으로 사료된다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.295-300
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• 2004

해양유래미생물에서 gelatin 분해능이 우수한 균주 Vibrio vulnificus CYK 279H를 이용하여 최적 효소활성조건을 검토하였다. 온도와 초기 pH는 $25^{\circ}C$, 7.5에서 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 단당, 이당, 다당류를 첨가하여 탄소원의 영향에서는, 0.3% (w/v) galactose 에서, 유$.$무기 질소원으로는 0.6% (w/v) yeast extract와 4.0% (w/v) gelatin, 0.2% (w/v) (NH$_4$)$_2$SO$_4$에서 효소활성이 가장 높게 나타났다. 염 농도로는 2.0% (w/v) NaCl, 금속이온은 Fe$^{2+}$를 첨가하였을 때 효소활성이 증가되었다. 선정된 최적배양조건에서 Vibrio vulnificus CYK 279H를 배양한 결과, 18 h 배양시 73 Unit/1로 기본배지 20 Unit/1보다 활성이 3.7배 증가한 것으로 확인되었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution For decades, Spergularia marina, a local food that is popular in South Korea, has been regarded as a nutritious source of amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. While several halophytes are reported to possess distinct bioactivities, S. marina has yet to be promoted as a natural source of bioactives. In this study, the effects of S. marina on the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts and the osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts and C2C12 myoblast cells were evaluated. The anti-adipogenic effect of S. marina was assessed by measuring lipid accumulation and adipogenic differentiation marker expression. S. marina treatment significantly reduced lipid accumulation and notably decreased the gene levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ${\alpha}$, and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c. In addition, S. marina enhanced osteoblast differentiation, as indicated by increased alkaline phosphatase activity and increased levels of osteoblastogenesis indicators, namely bone morphogenetic protein-2, osteocalcin, and type I collagen. In conclusion, S. marina could be a source of functional food ingredients that improve osteoporosis and obesity. Further studies, including activity-based fractionation, will elucidate the mechanism of action and active ingredients of S. marina, which would provide researchers with a better understanding of the nutraceutical and therapeutic applications of S. marina.