• 약학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2004

Mancozeb, a polymeric complex of zinc and manganese salts of ethylene bisthiocarbamate (EBDC), is used widely in agriculture as fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides. Mancozeb can be occupationally and environmentally exposed to human and has been reported to induce estrogenic activity, therein it is considered as an endocrine disrupter, We investigated the effects of acute exposure of Mancozeb on the immune function in mice. After single oral administration of Mancozeb to female ICR mice, the immunopathological parameters (body- and organ-weight, splenic cellularity hematological parameters), mitogen (Con A, PHA+IL-2, LPS)-induced splenocyte proliferation (SP) and splenic IgM plaque forming cell (PFC). WBC and splenic cellularity were decreased, but liver-, kidney-, and spleen-weight were increased when compared with control group. Splenic IgM PFC against SRBC was slightly lowered. Mitogen-induced proliferation of spleen cells from Mancozeb-treated mice was not signifcantly changed ex vivo, however, SP in vitro were significantly lowered in concentration dependent manner. These results indicate that Mancozeb could affect the immune function in mice.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.367-373
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• 2004

Mancozeb, a polymeric complex of zinc and manganese salts of ethylene bisthiocarbamate (EBDC), is used widely in agriculture as fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides. Mancozeb can be occupationally and environmentally exposed to human and has been reported to induce estrogenic activity, therein it is considered as an endocrine disrupter. After female ICR mice were treated Mancozeb orally at the doses of 250, 1,000 and 1,500 mg/kg/day for consecutive 30 day, we investigated the effects of Mancozeb on the immunopathological parameters (body-, thymus-, spleen-, liver- and kidny-weight, splenic cellularity, hematological parameters) and mitogen (Con A, LPS)-induced splenocyte proliferation (SP). Liver- and kidney- weight were increased, but body- and thymus-weight, number of splenocytes and WBC were decreased, when compared with control group. When splenocytes isolated from the mice exposed to Mancozeb for 30 days were cultured in presence of mitogens, the SP against Con A was significantly and dose-dependently decreased and the SP against LPS was also slightly decreased. Our present results indicate that subacute exposure of Mancozeb to mice might show immunotoxic effect.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.259-267
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• 2022

Although pesticides are recognized as necessary substances to improve agricultural production, exposure to pesticides is known to have a direct or indirect adverse effect on the reproductive function of mammals. The present study examines the effects of mancozeb, a well-known fungicide, on the fertility capacity of spermatozoa. Boar spermatozoa exposed to varying concentrations of mancozeb (0.01 - 0.5 µM) were evaluated for motility, motion kinetic parameters, viability, acrosome integrity and the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) after 30 min or 2 hrs of incubation. A significant reduction in the motility of spermatozoa was observed upon exposure to mancozeb. Similarly, there was a significant reduction of the motion kinematics of sperm treated with mancozeb as compared to untreated controls (p < 0.05). The sperm viability percentage and acrosome integrity also showed dose-dependent decreases upon exposure to mancozeb. High concentrations of mancozeb (0.2 - 0.5 µM) induced higher levels of intracellular ROS production, which resulted in the loss of the sperm membrane and decreased sperm motility due to oxidative stress. Taken together, the results here indicate that direct exposure to mancozeb affects the sperm fertility capacity. Hence, careful research that examines the interaction between reproduction and environmental toxins is crucial to prevent fertility disorders in animals.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2002년도 추계국제학술대회
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• pp.163-163
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• 2002

국내에서 사용중인 농약에 대한 농민의 농약 노출량 및 양상을 조사하고자 내분비계 장애 물질로 추정되는 Mancozeb의 살포 시 작업자의 피부 노출량 및 호흡 노출량 측정을 감귤농장에서 실시하였다. 피부노출 측정은 Patch법(50$\textrm{cm}^2$)을 사용하였고 손 노출은 순면장갑을 사용하였다. 호흡노출은 XAD-2 resin 흡착제와 Personal air monitor(2L/min)를 이용, 측정하였다. Mancozeb 분석은 CS$_2$법을 이용하였고 patch, resin, 장갑, 마스크, 소변에서 Mancozeb의 회수율 및 포장회수율 모두 90%이상이었다. 감귤 재배시 Mancozeb 사용에 따른 피부노출량은 여자가 약 1800mg/hr, 남자는 약 1300mg/hr 이었고 주로 배, 등, 상박 그리고 허벅지에 노출량이 많았다. 호흡노출은 관찰되지 않았고 소변에서도 Mancozeb는 관찰되지 않았다. 위해성 평가를 위해 PDE, AQE 및 MOS를 구하였으며 MOS는 Severn의 공식을 이용하였다. MOS는 여자가 0.37, 남자가 0.58이었다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2010

EBDC계 살균제 중 국내에서 사용하고 있는 mancozeb와 metiram을 사용하여 실험실 조건에서 이들의 반감기 및 분해대사 산물인 ETU로의 전환특성을 조사하였다. EBDC계 살균제 및 분해대사 산물인 ETU에 대한 분석은 상온에 보관한 시료를 0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 19, 22, 26일 경과 후에 HPLC~DAD로 분석하였다. EBDC계 살균제인 mancozeb, metiram과 그 분해산물인 ETU에 대한 정량회수율은 각각 86.9-90.2, 85-98.6 및 64.1-80.0% 범위를 나타내었다. Mancozeb와 metiram의 반감기는 각각 7.5일，27.8일이었다. Mancozeb 의 ETU 전환율은 4.7-67.2% 수준이었고，metiram의 ETU 전환율은 7.5-34.6% 수준이었다.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.280.1-280.1
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• 2002

Mancozeb. a polymeric complex of zinc and manganese salts of ethylean bisdithiocarbamate(EBDC). is used widely in agriculture as fungicides. and herbicides. Macozeb has been reported to induce teratogenic and carcinogenic effect. But the immunomodulating effects of Mancozeb exposure have not been systemically evaluated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Mancozeb on immunoglobulin production. (omitted)

• 식물병연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.196-200
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• 2014

본 연구는 파라핀유 첨가가 감귤 과실 표면에서의 만코제브 수화제의 내우성 증대에 대한 효과와 검은점무늬병 방제 효과 증진 여부를 구명하고자 실시하였다. 인공강우를 0시간, 5시간, 10시간 처리한 후 과실표면에 부착되어 있는 만코제브 양을 분석한 결과, 강우 처리 10시간 후에는 만코제브에 파라핀유 0.1%를 혼용 처리한 구에서 과실 표면에 부착된 만코제브 함량이 $7.43{\mu}g/cm^2$으로 가장 많았다. 노지에서 재배하고 있는 온주밀감 나무에 만코제브 0.2%, 만코제브 0.2% + 파라핀유 0.1%, 만코제브 0.2% + 파라핀유 0.25% 그리고 만코제브 0.2% + 전착제를 살포하고 1일, 15일, 25일 후 과실을 채취하여 과실 표면에 부착된 만코제브 양을 조사해 본 결과, 2009년과 2010년 시험 모두 처리 1일, 15일, 25일 후 0.2% 만코제브 수화제에 파라핀유 0.1% 또는 0.25% 혼용하여 살포한 구에서 부착된 만코제브 가장 양이 많았다. 파라핀유를 혼용하여 살포하였을 경우 만코제브 수화제의 감귤 검은점무늬병에 대한 방제 효과 증진 여부를 조사해 본 결과, 2009년의 경우 만코제브 0.2%에 파라핀유 0.1% 또는 0.25%를 각각 첨가하여 5회 살포한 구에서의 발병도가 만코제브 0.2%만 처리한 구 보다 낮았으며 만코제브 0.2%를 6회 살포한 구의 발병도와 비슷하였다. 2010년, 2012년의 경우도 만코제브 0.2%만 처리한 구보다는 만코제브 0.2%에 파라핀유 0.1% 또는 0.25% 첨가한 구에서 발병도가 낮았다. 따라서 감귤 재배 농가에서 검은점무늬병 방제를 위하여 만코제브에 파라핀유 0.1%를 혼용하여 살포하면 훨씬 방제 효과를 높일 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.263-272
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• 2000

A field study was carried out to find out the effective chemical for controlling algae without visual injury on creeping bentgrass golf greens. The results were as follows. 1. Chlorothalonil(75%), Metalaxy(7.5%)+Mancozeb(56%) and Mancozeb(75%) did not injure creeping bentgrass. Only chlorothalonil(75%) effectively controlled algae regardless of concentration among above mentioned 3 fungicides. 2. Mancozeb frequently used on golf courses showed about 50% effect on controling algae in this study. 3. Mancozeb(75%)+Copper hydroxide(73%) and Mancozeb(75%)+Streptomycin(100%) had good effects on algae control while injuring creeping bentgrass. 4. Copper hydroxide(73%) and copper sulfate basic(58%) $including\ulcorner$Cu$\lrcorner$showed effective algae control but caused injure creeping bentgrass. 5. Streptomycin has been scarcely used on golf greens but streptomycin(20%) 0.1g a.i/$\m^2$ had good control of algae and durability without injuring creeping bentgrass.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.114.1-114.1
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• 2003

Mancozeb is a protective fungicide on plants and a polymeric complex of ethylene bisdithiocarbamate manganese with zinc salt. It is reported to induce teratogenic and carcinogenic effect in laboratory animals. But the immunomodulating effects of Mancozeb exposure have not been systemically evaluated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Mancozeb on cell-mediated immunity in mice. For ex vivo assessment, mice were orally exposed to Mancozeb dissolved in distilled water as concentrations of 2,500, 5,000, 10,000 mg/kg for single occasion (acute exposure) or 250, 1,000, 1,500 mg/kg/day 5 days a week for 30days(subacute). (omitted)

• 식물병연구
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.224-228
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• 2003

우리 나라 농가에서 담배역병 방제약제로 사용되고 있는 Metalaxyl의 약제 저항성균 발생억제 및 방제를 위한 대체 약제를 선발하기 위하여 시중에서 판매되고 있는 역병방제용 약제 중 Dimethomorph를 비롯한 5종의 약제를 구입하여 시험하였다. 실내 시험에서는 Propamocarb hydrochloride는 Metalaxyl과 유사한 반응을 보여 서로 교차저항성이 있는 것으로 조사되었으며 Oxadixyl + Mancozeb, Dimethomorph + Mancozeb 등이 실내시험 및 포장시험 결과 약효가 우수하여 Metalaxyl 대체약제로 선발되었다.