• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.195-202
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• 2017

This study aims to suggest the basics for the implementation of the farmstead-specific early warning system (FEWS) for weather risk management nationwide. A survey by questionnaire was conducted to examine farmer's response, and a cost-benefit analysis was made to examine the effect of the FEWS on the economy. The farmers who volunteered to participate in this survey responded that they were generally satisfied with the FEWS, and that they used it well for farming. Willingness to pay (WTP) for the early warning service was estimated to be 8,833 KRW per month by survey respondents. If the early warning service is extended to nationwide and 50% of farmers use it for six months, then the ratio of benefit to cost will be 2.2, indicating that nationwide expansion of the FEWS is very feasible.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 2017

For economic evaluation of integrated operation to sewage facilities, benefit-cost analysis was performed to watershed sewage works project in 7 watershed areas, 156 facilities. In this study, the cost before and after integrated operation was compared and benefits are calculated from the reduction of operators, increasement treated pollution loads, reduction cost through operation convenience, reduction water consumption through effluent reuse, and improvement of life benefit. The result showed that cost was 8,500million won and benefit was 16,747million won, so benefit was 49% higher than cost. B/C analysis result showed that B/C ratio was 1.97 and it is similar to other researches. The benefits of integrated operation included convenience of data management, increase of emergency response, decrease of complains with sewage which was not reflected numerically, so the benefits of integrated operation were expected much greater than this result

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.57-68
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• 2014

Since the introduction of National Health Insurance(NHI) in 1977, it has grown rapidly and contributed to extend patient's access to the health care services. However, limited coverage for health care services of NHI has been ongoing challenge and private health insurance(PHI) has been rising as an alternative source of enhancing coverage and saving out-of-pocket(OOP) expenditure for patients. In this study, after controlling for socio-demographic, economic, health related variables, we identified the patients' healthcare utilization and subsequent OOP expenditure depending on their PHI enrollment and their enrollment types(fixed benefit, indemnity, fixed benefit plus indemnity). Data were collected from the 2010 Korean Health Panel. The unit of analysis was a member of household(n=13,324). Of the 13,324 cases, 70.7% of patients held PHI, in detail, fixed benefit(47.0%), indemnity(3.6%), fixed benefit plus indemnity(20.1%). Major findings showd that patients who enrolled in PHI used more outpatient services(outpatient visit, number of physician visit, number of examination) and spent more OOP expenditure than non-PHI patients. There were also differences of healthcare utilization and OOP expenditure among the types of PHI. In addition, PHI patients used more inpatient services(inpatient use, number of hospitalization, LOS), but there was no significant difference between PHI and non-PHI patients with regard to the OOP expenditure. Thus, we could not find any distinct relationship between the types of PHI and patients' tertiary hospital use. Policy-makers should need careful political deliberation for monitoring the effect of PHI on health care utilization and subsequent expenditure not only to improve patients' coverage but also to save their OOP expenditures.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.24-34
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• 2014

Background: Bankrupted households have recently been increased due to excessive medical expenditure in Korea. They have not been protected from economic risk when household's member has severe diseases that need a lot of money for treatment. Purpose of this study examines policy effect by comparing unmet needs' change of policy object households and non-object groups. Methods: We used Korea Health panel 2nd 4th data collected by Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs and National Health Insurance Service. Analysis subjects were 381 households (pre-policy) and 393 households (post-policy) that had cancer and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Since it was major concern that estimates benefit strengthening policy started by certain time, we setup comparing households which had diabetes, hypertension disease. Comparison subjects were 393,247 households, respectively and we evaluated policy effect using difference in difference (DID) model. Results: Although unmet needs of policy object households were higher than non-object groups, policy execution variable affected negative direction. But interaction-term which shows pure effect of policy was not statistically significant. We utilized multi-DID model to examine factors affecting unmet needs causes. Copayment assistance policy did not significantly affect households that responded to 'economic reason,' and 'no have time to visit' for unmet needs causes. Conclusion: The second copayment assistance policy did not significantly give positive effect to beneficiary households than non-beneficiary groups. When we consider that primary purpose of public insurance guarantee high medical expenditure occurred by unexpected events, it needs to deliberate on switch of benefit strengthening policy that can assist vulnerable people. Also, we suggest that government forward a policy covering non-reimbursable medical expenses as well as switch of benefit strengthening direction because benefit policy do not affect non-covered medical cost which accounts for quarter of total health expenditure.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.70-87
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify health care providers' perceptions about the goal achievement and benefit/loss caused by the separation policy of drug prescribing and dispensing after the policy implemented on July 1, 2001. Uslng stratified sampling method based on the administration area, Ku, 315 physicians and pharmacists were sampled from the rosters of physician and pharmacist association in the city of Busan on 2001. There were 122 and 115 responses from physician and pharmacist sample, respectively. 78.3% of physicians and 50.4% of pharmacists evaluated that the goal of the policy was not achieved. Moreover, 75.3% of physicians and 40.7% of pharmacists did not support the policy. Most physicians and pharmacists considered preventing the citizens with drug abuse and misuses as the most important benefit derived from the policy. However, physicians and pharmacists concerned over raising health care cost that could be patients' burden. The most important physicians' benefit derived from the policy was free choice of all possible medicine that might result in effectiveness of medication. In physicians' the most important loss, most physicians worried about that breaking traditional patient and physician relationship might cause physicians' authority in treating diseases to be damaged. Pharmacists considered the most important policy benefit as hiked social status resulted from enforcement of profession due to the policy whereas they considered the most significant loss as expected financial problems of small pharmacies compared to that of large pharmacies or pharmacies adjacent to hospitals. In the current problems of the policy, physician and pharmacists blamed the government for inadequate preparations of the policy implementation. Physicians and pharmacists also considered citizens' mature attitudes toward the policy as a crucial success factor.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.159-178
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• 2011

Korea ranks high among the OECD member countries with a high out-of-pocket share. In 2006, the government implemented in full scale the policy of extending the health insurance benefit coverage. Included in the policy are lowering the out-of-pocket share of patients of serious case and expanding the medical bill ceiling system to mention just a few. This study proposes to confirm effectiveness of the benefit extension policy by identifying changes in 'out-of-pocket expenditure as a share of the ability to pay' and 'incidence rate of catastrophic health care expenditure' of each individual household as manifested before and after the benefit extension policy was implemented. The 1st and 3rd year data from the Korea Welfare Panel Study (KoWePS), conducted by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs (KIHASA), were used for the analysis, where low-income households and ordinary households are sampled separately. While the absolute amount of 'out-of-pocket expenditure' occurred to the average household increased for the period 2005-2007, the 'out-of-pocket expenditure as a share of the ability to pay' decreased. At the same time, the share decreased in the case of low-income households and households with patients of chronic or serious case as contrasted with ordinary households. 'Incidence rates of catastrophic health care expenditure' of ordinary households for 2007 stood at 14.6%, 5.9% and 2.8% at the threshold of 10%, 20% and 30%, respectively. The rates decreased overall between 2005 and 2007, while those of low-income households with patients of serious case statistically significantly increased. An analysis of this study indicates that it is related with the medical bill ceiling system regardless of incomes introduced in 2007.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.155-174
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• 2015

This study attempts to investigate effects of service conveniences on perceived value and customer voluntary behavioral intention in family restaurants. We categorized service conveniences in five dimensions (i.e, decision, access, transaction, benefit, and post-benefit). We considered perceived value as having three parts, namely functional, emotional, and social. We also specified three segments of customer voluntary behavioral intention as participation, cooperation, and loyalty. The results showed that service conveniences such as transaction convenience, post-benefit convenience, and benefit convenience have an influence on functional value as a perceived value, but no effect from decision convenience and acceptability[this is a new variable to me]. In addition, access and benefit conveniences affect social value. When it comes to the effects of perceived value on customer voluntary behavioral intention, social value was found to affect participation and loyalty, while functional value appeared to influence cooperation.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.113-121
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• 2010

Since the cut-down of the purchasing price of the feed in tariff(FIT) in 2008, the numbers of photovoltaic projects get decreased, contrary to investment expansion policy of government on renewable energy. The root cause of the decrease is the irrationality of the current purchasing price structure of FIT as well as the adversity of fund raising due to the global financial crisis. This study proposes the FIT calculating model (Cost & Benefit Risk Based Purchase Price Process : CBRP3) reflecting the fluctuation of cost and benefit risks. The first step is to establish the photovoltaic generation alternatives, and to calculate each distribution data of the investment and the power generation quantity. The FIT for each alternative is, then, assessed through simulations. Finally the proposed FIT scheme is compared to the present FIT scheme and future study subjects are derived.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.93-112
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• 2010

Consumers show higher interest in fishery products processed food that are effective for the personal health and good for convenience, nourishment and taste. But current domestic research for fishery products processed food is marginal. In this respect, this research systematically analyzes consumers' consumption patterns and relationship to comsumer's pursuable benefit, reference for selection, satisfaction level and purpose of purchase. This research shows results as following. Consumers consider product information the most important in reference for selection, and convinience the highest in pursuable benefit. And this research analyze influence of reference for selection and pursuable benefit on satisfaction level and purpose of purchase using demographic properties as control variables. The variables which affect satisfaction level are residential district(region), recipe, nutrient, convenience, economy and the variables affect purpose of purchase are nutrient, convenienct, satisfaction level. If this result is used to develop new products and industrialize fishery products processed food, consumer market of fishery products processed food can be expanded. And this result can be utilized as fundamental reference for sales promotion.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.105-106
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• 2018

Korea, which entered the aged society in 2018, is accelerating the progress of the aged society due to the rapid decrease in birth. Although the low birth rate is the important issue, comprehensive measures to cope with the aged society should be established. In particular, the reform of the healthcare system in response to the aged society is very urgent. The reorganization of the healthcare system in response to the aged society should focus on improving the functional abilities of the elderly and should be transformed into integrated older person-centered health service. The benefit package of National Health Insurance should be diversified and appropriate payment of each benefit package should be applied. The ageism should be overcame, and it is important to recognize that the measures for the older person are investments in future society. The reform of healthcare system for older person are very urgent in Korea, which is advancing into a rapidly aged society.