• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.57-73
• /
• 1993

In this paper, methods of human figure representation in computer graphics are described. Many applications of the human figure representation are found in areas including industry, advertisement, and cartoon production and further research for the methods that show the human figure more realistically is ex- pected. Two analytic methods for human model, kinematics and dynamics, are ex- plained and the characteristics of the man-machine interface systems that include human figure representation are presented. Various techniques of the human figure representation based on kinematics or(and) dynamics are discussed and representation methods of human body segments such as hand, face, spine are introduced in this paper.

• 한국정보과학회 언어공학연구회:학술대회논문집(한글 및 한국어 정보처리)
• /
• 한국정보과학회언어공학연구회 1989년도 한글날기념 학술대회 발표논문집
• /
• pp.126-131
• /
• 1989

본 논문에서는 Error Back Propagation 학습을 이용해 한글 문자를 On-Line 인식하는 시스템을 제안한다. Pointing device의 궤적을 추적해 입력 패턴의 특징(feature)을 추출해 신경 회로망 입력으로 준다. 이때 사용하는 특징은 기본 획 (stroke)의 종류 및 획간의 상대적 위치 관계이다. 학습과정에서는 자소의 정의를 읽어 초성, 중성, 종성에 대해 각 획수마다 정의된 신경회로망의 weight를 조정한다. 인식 과정에서는 초성, 중성, 종성의 순으로 에러가 최소인 획수의 신경회로망 출력을 택하여 2 바이트 조합형 코드로 완성한다. 이로써 Intelligent Man-Machine Interface 시스템중 위치 및 크기에 무관한 전필 입력 시스템을 구현한다.

• 한국정보과학회 언어공학연구회:학술대회논문집(한글 및 한국어 정보처리)
• /
• 한국정보과학회언어공학연구회 2004년도 제16회 한글.언어.인지 한술대회
• /
• pp.283-289
• /
• 2004

조응어 해석(Anaphora Resolution)은 여러 응용 분야에 적절히 적용됨으로써 자연어 이해에서의 양적. 질적 향상을 가져 올 수 있다. 구어에서 조응어(anaphor)는 화자와 청자간에 공유된 정보를 간략하게 나타내는 형태이다. 특히, 구어를 주된 사용 언어로 하는 대화 시스템에서의 조응어의 양상을 살피고 해석하는 문제는 인간과 기계간의 의사소통(man-machine communication)을 온전히 하는 과제이다. 이 논문에서는 인간과 기계간의 대화 시스템(man-machine dialogue system)에서 흔히 쓰일 수 있는 조응 표현에 중점을 두어 그 유형을 살피고 해석의 방식을 제시하도록 한다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• 제19권spc1호
• /
• pp.444-451
• /
• 2005

The analysis of human arm motion during steering maneuver is carried out for investigation of man-machine interface of driver and steering system Each arm is modeled as interconnection of upper arm, lower arm, and hand by rotational joints that can properly represents permissible joint motion, and both arms are connected to a steering wheel through spring and damper at the contact points. The joint motion law during steering motion is determined through the measurement of each arm movement, and subsequent inverse kinematic analysis. Combining the joint motion law and inverse dynamic analysis, joint stiffness of arm is estimated. Arm dynamic analysis model for steering maneuver is setup, and is validated through the comparison with experimentally measured data, which shows relatively good agreement. To demonstrate the usefulness of the arm model, it is applied to study the effect of steering column angle on the steering motion.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.9-24
• /
• 1987

The design and philosophy are presented for an intelligent aid for a hyman operator who must diagnose a novel fault in a physical system. A novel fault is defined as one that the operator has not experienced in either real system operation or training. When the operator must diagnose a novel fault, deep reasoning about the behavior of the system components is required. To aid the human operator in this situation, four aiding approaches which provide useful information are proposed. The aiding information is generated by a qualitative, component-level model of the physical system. Both the aid and the human are able to reason causally about the system in a cooperative search for a diagnosis. The aiding features were designed to help the hyman's use of his/her mental model in predicting the normal system behavior, integrating the observations into the actual system behavior, or finding discrepancies between the two. The aid can also have direct access to the operator's hypotheses and run a hypothetical system model. The different aiding approaches will be evaluated by a series of experiments.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.111-114
• /
• 1979

Human Engineering is the new science that studies tile function and the characteristic of human. It is purpose to design machine equipments for him to be able to manipulate those, exactly, safely and easily. This study will introduce that new science in traffic problems and will be done as follows. 1. The Presentation of Problems: 2. Human Engineering and Accurrence process of traffic accidents. 3. Human Engineering and aptitude analysis 4. Conclusion In this paper, driver is not the man who drives a car, is the man who is able to adapt himself to road, and traffic environment. There is a limitation in Human faculty, especially, in the power of attention. Therefore, this paper will be studied to show that it is seeking the ability needed by traffic analysis as well as getting ability of aptitude to attribute to prevention of traffic accidents.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국HCI학회 2006년도 학술대회 1부
• /
• pp.467-473
• /
• 2006

가상환경 또는 실제환경에서 정보를 제공하는 햅틱 인터페이스의 필요성이 점점 증가 함에 따라 촉감을 제공 하기 위한 다양한 햅틱 장치가 개발되었고 각 장치의 특성과 성능 평가를 위해 기초적인 정신(심리) 물리학적 연구가 수행 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 여러 가지 햅틱 인터페이스 중 손가락 끝에 부착하는 형태의 새로운 공기 촉감 제시장치(PTI: Pneumatic Tactile Interface)를 제시하고 이 장치의 유용성을 입증하기 위해 localization rate, 시간 분해능, 길이 분해능, 강도의 세기 등의 심리 물리학적 실험(Psychophysical Experiment) 수행 결과를 제시한다. 공기촉감 시스템은 50개의 출력까지 확장 가능한 공기촉감 하드웨어로 구성 되어있고 손가락 끝에 부착하는 형태로 구성 하기 위해 5*5의 배열의 디스플레이를 제작하였다. 16명의 피실험자가 A, B 두 그룹으로 나뉘어 각각 2가지의 심리물리학 실험을 수행하였다. localization rate의 경우 9개의 다른 자극의 위치를 구별하기 위해 3*3 배열로 구성된 밀집된 디스플레이와 확장된 디스플레이로 측정을 수행하여 각각 58.13%, 85.9%의 localization rate를 얻을 수 있었다. 그리고 100번의 반복 실험을 통해 약 2.6mm의 길이 분해능을 얻을 수 있었고 자극 강도 실험의 경우, 실제의 강도가 세짐에 따라 피 실험 자들이 느끼는 강도의 척도도 증가 하며, 강도가 약해 질수록 피 실험 자들이 느끼는 강도 역시 거의 선형적으로 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 시간 분해능의 경우에는 시스템을 구성하는 밸브의 성능으로 인해 20ms 이하의 시간 분해능 측정은 제한 되었다. 이러한 심리 물리학 실험을 통하여 개발된 공기촉감 제시장치가 다양한 정보를 전달하는데 충분하다는 결론을 내릴 수 있으며, 제안된 시스템을 사용하는 여러 가지 어플리케이션을 제시하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 2007

As the need of handling heavy materials increases, various cranes are used in industries. However, the effectiveness of crane also entails industrial accidents such as falling, constriction etc. In fact, the number of fatal accidents caused by crane is still high in Korea. To find out the causes of the accidents in terms of human error, we developed a man-machine system model that consists of two axes; human information processing and crane life cycle. In the human information processing dimension, we simplified it as five functions; sensing and perception, decision making and memory, response etc. In the crane life cycle dimension, we divided it into nine phases; design, production, operation etc. For the 152 fatal accident records during 1999-2006 years, we classified them into 45 cells made by two axes. Then we identified the preceding causes of the classified crane accident based on performance shaping factors. As the results of statistical analysis, the overall trend of crane fatal accidents was described. For the cause analysis, wrong decision making in work plan phase shows the highest frequency. Next, the poor information input in crane operation followed in accident frequency. In ergonomics view, the problems of interface design in displays and controls made 11.8% of fatal accidents. Following the analysis, several ergonomic design guidelines to prevent crane accidents were suggested.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.235-245
• /
• 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study is to develop visual complexity metrics based on theoretical bases. Background: With the development of IT technologies, drivers process a large amount of information caused by automotive human-machine interface (HMI), such as a cluster, a head-up display, and a center-fascia. In other words, these systems are becoming more complex and dynamic than traditional driving systems. Especially, these changes can lead to the increase of visual demands. Thus, a concept and tool is required to evaluate the complicated systems. Method: We reviewed prior studies in order to analyze the visual complexity. Based on complexity studies and human perceptual characteristics, the dimensions characterizing the visual complexity were determined and defined. Results: Based on a framework and complexity dimensions, a set of metrics for quantifying the visual complexity was developed. Conclusion: We suggest metrics in terms of perceived visual complexity that can evaluate the in-vehicle displays. Application: This study can provide the theoretical bases in order to evaluate complicated systems. In addition, it can quantitatively measure the visual complexity of In-vehicle information system and be helpful to design in terms of preventing risks, such as human error and distraction.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.76-87
• /
• 1997

This paper deals with reliability and MTTF analysis of a non-repairable man-machine system operating under different weather conditions. The system consists of a hardware(machine) and a two-operator standby subsystem such as the air combat maneuvering of fighters with dual seat. The failure times for the subsystems follow the exponential distribution with constant parameter. By considering not only the effect on hardware component but also the weather conditions and human performance factors such as the operator's errors, a Markov model is presented as a method for evaluating the system reliability of time continuous operation tasks. Laplace transforms of the various state probabilities have been derived and then reliability of the system, at any time t, has been computed by inversion process. MTTF has also been computed.