• Journal of Photoscience
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.83-86
• /
• 2001

Structural analyses of oligosaccharide-malononitrile derivatives were conducted by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization post-source decay (MALDI-PSD) analysis in positive ion mode. The malononitrile derivatives of oligosaccharides, which were developed for highly sensitive detection of multi-component oligosaccharides by negative ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS), were detected by positive-ion MALDI with the detection limit of 2 pmol level from the crude derivatization sample. The used matrix affected drastically the analytical results of oligosaccharide-malononitrile derivative by matrix-assisted laser desoprtion/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS). The malononitrile derivatization of oligosaccharide also affect the patterns of MALDI-PSD spectra and give much more structural information than the free oligosaccharide.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.379-384
• /
• 1991

The Knoevenagal reaction of malononitrile and acetylacetone gave the acyclic product 3 which was separated in a good yield and identified. The reactivity of 3 towards some chemical reagents is studied. Thus, the reaction of 3 with aromatic aldehydes, hydrazines and cyanomethylene derivatives gave products 6-12. Reaction of 3 with benzenediazonium chloride gave the primidine derivative 14.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.49-52
• /
• 1989

Acute inhalation intoxication of CS (O-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile) occurred among the 192 animals in confined animal cages of farm as the result of prolonged exposure. A total of 8 animals (3 silver foxes, 3 fitches and 2 minks) died in 15 hours after the exposure. Distinct evidences of pulmonary atelectasis were observed as with hepatorenal damages. The lethal toxicity of CS was considered to be due to early severelung damages leading to asphyxia, accompanying acute toxic hepatitis and nephritis.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.4 no.5
• /
• pp.574-580
• /
• 1994

This study is about cure kinetics of DGEBA/MDA/MN(malononitrile) system by Barrett method and Integral method using DSC dynamic run. Curing behavior was shown through DSC and the heat change involved in a reaction could be measured directly with DSC. The kinetic parameters such as activation energy, pre-exponential factor and reaction order were given by Barrett method and Integral method obtained in an assumption that the area of DSC enthalpic analysis curve was propotional to the enthalpic change.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.411-414
• /
• 1994

Phenylazocyanothioacetamide 1 reacts with malononitrile to afford the pyridinethione 4 which reacts with phenacylbromide to yield the pyridine-S-phenacyl derivative 6, 1 reacts with ethyl cyanoacetate to yield the pyridazine derivative, 8, and with phenacyl bromide to afford the N-phenacyl derivative 11, instead of the thiazole 10. Compound 11 afforded the pyrazolopyridine 13 on reaction with malononitrile while 10 was obtained on coupling of the thiazole 14 with diazotised aniline. Compound 10 reacts with malononitrile to afford the thizaolyl pyridazine 15. Compound 1 reacts with malononitrile dimer to afford the pyriodopyridazine derivative 17a. 1 reacts also with active methylene heterocycies to afford the pyrazolo and thiazolo-fused phridazines 20 and 23 respectively.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.273-278
• /
• 2009

A series of poly[2-(2,6-dimethylpyran-4-ylidene)malononitrile-alt-1,4-bis(dodecyloxy)-2,5-divinylbenzene] (PM-PPV), poly[2-{2,6-Bis-[2-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-vinyl]-pyran-4-ylidene}-malononitrile-alt-1,4-bis(dodecyloxy)-2,5-divinylbenzene] (PMT-PPV) and poly[2-[2,6-Bis-(2-{4-[(4-bromophenyl)-phenylamino]-phenyl}-vinyl)-pyran-4-ylidene]-malononitrile-alt-1,4-bis(dodecyloxy)-2,5-divinylbenzene] (PMTPA-PPV) were synthesized by the Heck coupling reaction. The band gap of PM-PPV, PMT-PPV and PMTPA-PPV were 2.18 eV, 1.90 eV and 2.07 eV, respectively. The LUMO energy levels of PM-PPV, PMT-PPV and PMTPA-PPV were 3.65 eV, 3.54 eV and 3.62 eV, respectively and the HOMO energy levels of those were 5.83 eV, 5.61 eV and 5.52 eV, respectively. The photovoltaic devices based on the polymers was fabricated. The efficiency of the solar cells based on PM-PPV, PMT-PPV and PMTPA-PPV were 0.028%, 0.031% and 0.11%, respectively and the open circuit voltage (Voc) was 0.59 V~0.69 V under AM 1.5 G and 1 sun condition ($100mA/cm^2$).

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.5 no.6
• /
• pp.967-974
• /
• 1994

We studied the cure kinetics of the DGEBA(Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A)/MDA(4, 4' -methylene dianiline)/MN(Malononitrile)/HQ(Hydroquinone) system by Barrett method and Integral method with dynamic runs of differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). Kinetic parameters such as activation energy and pre-exponential factor were obtained and reaction order was estimated roughly supposing that present system was adjusted to nth order reaction. The MN(Malononitrile) was introduced as a chain extender and HQ(Hydroquinone) as a reactive accelerator or catalyst.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.407-413
• /
• 1982

The rate constants of the nucleophilic addition of cysteine to 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylmethylene malononitrile were determined by UV Spectrophotometry and a rate equation which can be applied over wide pH range was obtained. On the basis of rate equation, it may be concluded that the rate constants were dependent upon only the concentration of hydroxide ion above pH 9.0, however, below pH 6.0, the reaction were initiated by the addition of neutral cysteine molecule to carbon-carbon double bond and at pH 7.0~9.0, the addition of a neutral cysteine molecule and it's anion occurred competitively.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.4 no.7
• /
• pp.823-827
• /
• 1994

The mechanical properties of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A(DGEBA)/4,4- methylene dianiline(MDA) system with the addition of malononitrile(MN) and hydroquinone(HQ) were investigated. The specimens which were prepared by curing at $150^{\circ}C$ for lhr after curing at $80^{\circ}C$ for 1.5hr were tested. The effects of MN as a chain extender and HQ, a reaction accelerator on the mechanical properties were investigated. With the increase of MN and HQ contents, impact property improved significantly but tensile property decreased.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.507-509
• /
• 1997

Several new spiro compounds were synthesized via one-pot ternary condensation of isatin, malononitrile and each of thiobarbituric acid, barbituric, 3-methyl-pyrazolin-5-one, 1-phenyl-3-methyl-pyrazolin-5-one, acetylacetone, benzoylacetone, ethyl acetoacetate, phenacyl cyanide or ethyl-cyanoacetate dimer. Structures and reaction mechanisms were reported and supported via a second synthetic route.