• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.245-252
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• 2011

전통적으로 항구취 제제로 널리 쓰여 온 세틸피리디늄 및 염화아연이 함유된 양치액은 장기간의 사용에도 부작용이 없이 구취를 효과적으로 감소시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 세틸피리디늄 및 염화아연을 주성분으로 한 구강 양치액의 아침 구취에 대한 효과를 관찰하고자 했다. 총 8명의 건강한 남자를 대상으로 crossover study를 진행했으며 1주일의 washout 기간을 두었다. 대상자들에게는 30초간 실험 용액 10 mL를 양치하게 했으며 1주일 후에 같은 방법으로 증류수를 양치하게 했다. 구취의 측정은 오전 8:30 분에 이루어졌으며 양치 전, 양치 후 1시간, 2시간, 3시간에 평가를 하였다. 구취의 평가는 관능구취검사와 이동성 황화합물 측정기(Halimeter)를 이용하였다. 세틸피리디늄과 염화아연을 함유한 구강 양치액은 양치 후 3시간까지 아침 구취를 감소시켰다. 관능구취검사 수치와 휘발성 황화합물의 농도는 실험군에서 시간에 따라 유의한 감소를 보였고 그 감소 양상은 두 군 간에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 결론적으로, 세틸피리디늄과 염화아연을 함유한 구강 양치액은 건강한 대상자의 아침 구취를 3시간까지 유의하게 감소시킬 수 있어 구취제거를 위한 양치액으로 그 효용성이 매우 크다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2009

본 연구는 구취생성의 주요 원인균에 대한 nanosilver의 항균효과를 조사하기 위해서 시행되었으며, 이와 더불어 이들 세균의 증식 조건도 함께 연구하였다. 포항공과대학교 나노기술센터로부터 $NANOVER^{TM}$, WA 1000 현탁액을 제공 받아 희석하여 사용하였으며, 공시균으로는 주요 구취생성균으로 알려진 Fusobacterium nucleatum (KCTC 2640), Prevotella melaninogenica (KCTC 3689), Klebsiella pneumonia (KCTC 1560) 3종의 세균류를 한국생명공학연구원 생명자원센터로부터 구입하여 사용하였다. 공시균의 배양에 혐기성세균 배양에 이용되는 tryptone- yeast extract-ammonium acetate(TYA) 배지와 chopped beef meat(CBM) 배지를 이용하였다. 1. 최적배양조건으로 감압배양, CBM 배지가 적당한 것으로 나타났다. 2. 간균인 K. pneumonia에 Nanover(5 및 10 ppm)를 처리하고 주사형 전자현미경으로 균체의 형태를 관찰한 결과는 세균의 생장점 부근에서 세포벽에 손상을 주어 세포벽을 절단하여 다량의 막상 편린을 생성하고 autolysin을 불활성화 시켜 filament형 균체를 형성하여 균의 증식은 일시적으로 억제시킬 수 있었으나 완전히 사멸시키지는 못하였으며, 구취 세균을 전혀 다른 형태로 변화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 항균제로서의 역할은 가진 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.161-166
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• 1998

Controlling malodor originating from livestock feces has become a major issue, due to its influence on the health of man and livestock, together with its influences on atmospheric pollution. In this study, Five types of biofilters filled with saw-dust, night soil, fermented compost, leaf mold and a mixture(a compound of night soil, fermented compost and leaf mold at the same rates, respectively) were manufactured and tested. To study the effect of the biofilter on reducing malodor in a composting facility and swine building, a pilot scale composting facility enclosed with polyethylene film was constructed. Swine feces was composted in the facility and malodorous gas generated from the decomposition of organic matter in the feces was gathered by vacuum pump. Each biofilter achieved 87∼96% NH3 removal efficiency. This performance was maintained throughout 10 days of operation. The highest NH3 removal efficiency was achieved by leaf mold on the first day of operation period. It reduced the concentration of NH3 by about 96%. Night soil and fermented compost showed nearly equal performance of 93 to 94% for 10 days from the beginning of operation. The mixture achieved the lowest NH3 removal efficiency. It reduced NH3 concentration by about 89∼94% for 10 days from the beginning of operation. However NH3 removal efficiency of each biofilter declined with the passage of operational time. After 30 days from the beginning of operation, NH3 removal efficiency of each biofilter of each biofilter was below 60%, respectively. The concentration of H2S and CH3-SH originating from compost were equal to or less than 5mg/l and 3mg/l, respectively. After passing throughout the biofilter, the concentration of H2S and CH3-SH were not detected.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.413-420
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• 2003

축산폐기물의 퇴비화에 사용된 혼합 미생물을 이용해서 음식쓰레기 처리 과정에서 발생되는 악취를 효과적으로 처리 하고자 하였다. 시판되는 가정용 음식쓰레기 처리기를 사용하여 음식쓰레기의 퇴비화와 악취저강 특성을 조사하였다. 퇴비화는 10일 경과후부터 인정화되었으며, 혼합 미생물을 첨가한 경우 온도와 pH가 혼합 미생물을 첨가하지 않은 것과 비교해 더 빨리 증가하였으며, 퇴비화의 지표 중에 하나인 전기전도도 (Conductivity)도 1.2 에서 2.4 mS/cm로 혼합 미생물을 첨가하지 않은 경우의 1.3 mS/cm 보다 급격한 상승을 보였다. 식품쓰레기 처리 중에 발생되는 악취 물질, 즉 황화수소와 저급지방산은 8 일 동안에 각각90-100％와 70-80％로 효과적으로 제거되었다. 또한 알칼리 상태와 고온의 조건에서 성장하는 미생물이 퇴비화 과정 중에 우점 하였으며, Bacillus cereus No. 15 균주가 혼합 미생물 중 효과적인 식품쓰레기처리와 악취제거에 관여하고 있다는 사실을 증명하였다.

• 웰빙융합연구
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to reduce odor complaints by identifying problems with odor management at the site of the water regeneration center and researching odor management methods. Due to the high population density of Korea, sewage treatment facilities are adjacent to residential and industrial areas. According to previous studies, the main malodor-emitting facilities of sewage treatment facilities were preliminary treatment facilities (2,220 times), sedimentation basins (4,628 times), and sludge treatment facilities (9,616 times). Research design, data and methodology: Compound malodors and designated malodor-producing substances were collected from five site boundaries of the water regeneration center and analyzed according to the official methods to test malodor, and a total of two times (August and September 2020) were conducted. Results: As a result of the measurement, in the green area in front of the center office, compound malodors were detected at a maximum of 8 times and at least 3 times during the dawn time. As for the designated malodor-producing substances, 0.1ppm of ammonia was detected in the green area in front of the center office and the park golf course. This is within 15 times the maximum allowable emission level of compound malodors and within 1ppm of the maximum allowable emission level of ammonia. Conclusions: Even if the dilution rate of the compound malodors did not exceed the maximum allowable emission level, the odor could be recognized, and more research is needed in the future to establish effective reduction measures according to the subjective and individual and seasonal odor characteristics.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality type and oral hygiene controllability. Methods: Four hundred eighty-two college students in Gyeonggi-do completed the Myers-Briggs type indicator (MBTI) and a questionnaire and collected data were analyzed by SAS 9.2 program. Results: Compared to extroverted subjects, a significantly increased percentage of introverted subjects demonstrated oral malodor and stress (p<0.05). Tongue coating and stress seemed to occur the most frequently in intuition-feeling (NF) type, while oral malodor seemed to occur the most frequently in sensation-feeling (SF) type among four fuctional types. Tongue coating and stress seemed to occur the most frequently in NF type, while oral malodor seemed to occur the most frequently in sensation-perceiving (SP) type among four temperaments. Significantly increased mean scales of tongue scraping index and oral hygiene controllability index were found for extroverts (p<0.05). Mean scales of tooth brushing index and oral hygiene controllability index appeared to be the highest in NF type among four fuctional types. Mean scales of tongue scraping index and oral hygiene controllability index appeared to be the highest in sensation-judging (SJ) type among four temperaments. Conclusions: Oral hygiene controllability was associated with personality type and it is necessary to develop oral health education program considering personality type.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.118-123
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• 2014

It was confirmed that malodor connected with an air-conditioner in an automobile is caused by microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) produced by microorganisms getting into an air-conditioner when it is operating. Chemicals such as hydrogen sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, nbutyric acid, n-valeric acid, iso-valeric acid, n-octanol and toluene were detected above the odor threshold inside the automobile. The characteristics of a funky odor in the air blown into the automobile were due to detected sulfur compounds (hydrogen sulfide and dimethyl sulfide). Dimethyl sulfide was produced by microorganisms such as Aspergillus versicolor, Methylobacterium aquaticum, Herbaspirillum sp. and Acidovorax sp. In addition, the characteristics of a sour odor in the air blown into the automobile were due to detected organic acids (n-butyric acid, n-valeric acid and iso-valeric acid). N-valeric acid and iso-valeric acid were generated from Aspergillus versicolor, while iso-valeric acid was produced by Methylobacterium aquaticum. In addition, the odor intensity of the air blown into the automobile was affected by the concentration of detected sulfur compounds and organic acids. On the other hand, it is estimated that chemicals such as hydrogen sulfide, n-octanol and n-butyric acid detected in the air blown into the automobile were produced by non-identified species of microorganisms.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.712-720
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• 2017

As Korean government has activated the renewable portfolio standard (RPS) since 2012, producers have been seeking and using the various renewable resources to meet the RPS quota. One of these efforts, Power Bio-Fuel oil demonstration project is being conducted to check the operability and compatibility with fossil fuel, Fuel oil (B-C) from 2014. The oil is a mixture of vegetable oil and animal fat or fatty acid ester of them and should satisfy some specification to use the power generation. The oil's quality and combustion characteristics are different from conventional oil, Fuel oil (B-C) in current power plant facility. In this study, it was investigated the storage stability and malodor intensity of Bio-Fuel oil.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2011

구취발생과 흡연 및 음주, 구강건강행위와의 관련성을 분석하기 위하여 2006년 10월 1일에서 2007년 3월 30일까지 만 30세 이상부터 59세까지의 성인 144명을 대상으로 설문조사와 함께 Oral $Chroma^{(R)}$(CHM-1, ABILIT Corp., Japan)를 이용한 구취농도 검사를 시행하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. Hydrogen sulfide($H_2S$)는 치면세마를 규칙적으로 시행하는 군이 가끔 하는 군보다 매우 낮은 농도를 나타냈다(p<0.01). hydrogen sulfide($H_2S$) 농도와 관련성이 높은 요인으로는 치과 방문목적, 음주량, 음주 중 흡연량, 흡연기간, 현재 흡연량 등의 순으로 나타났다. 2. Methyl mercaptan($CH_3SH$)은 과거흡연군이 비흡연군과 흡연군보다 높은 농도를 나타냈고(p<0.05), 20년이상 흡연한 군이 20년 미만 군보다 높았으며(p<0.05), 음주 중 10개비 이상 흡연 군이 10개비 미만 흡연 군 보다 높은 농도를 나타냈다(p<0.05). 음주 특성에서는 주 5회 이상 음주 군이 주 1-2회 이하 음주 군들에 비해 높은 농도를 나타냈고(p<0.01), 잠자기 전 잇솔질을 하지 않는 군이 잇솔질을 하는 군보다 농도가 높았으며(p<0.05), 가끔 스켈링을 하는 군이 규칙적으로 스켈링을 하는 군보다 높은 농도를 나타냈다(p<0.05). methyl mercaptan($CH_3SH$) 농도와 관련도가 높은 요인으로는 치면세마 경험과 음주 중 흡연량으로 나타났다. 3. Dimethyl sulfide($(CH_3)_2S$)는 소주 2병 이상 군이 소주 1/2병 이하 군과 소주 1병 정도 군보다 높은 농도를 나타냈다(p<0.01). 이 결과 구취감소를 위한 교육에 있어서 잠자기 전 잇솔질 실천과 규칙적인 치면세마의 필요성은 강조되어야하며, 금연 및 절주에 대한 지도를 포함해야 할 것으로 사료되었다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.115-128
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• 2010

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate deodorizing effectsof medicinal herbs (Mume Fructus, Eriobotryae Folium, Acanthopanacis Cortex, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix) for development of a gargle solution. Methods: 1. The antimicrobial effects of medicinal herbs were evaluated with the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and the change of the number of viable cells in the herb extracts(1%) for 48 hrs against P. gingivalis 2561 and Pr. intermedia ATCC 25611. 2. Deodorizing activity of each herb and Garglin $Mint^{(R)}$gainst methyl mercaptan were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). 3. We used the malodor modeling of the salivary sediment system with a Halimeter. 4. In the preliminary clinical study, the baseline concentration of VSC in the oral cavity of each subject was measured by Halimeter. Subjects would gargle for 30 seconds with cysteine. After 4 minutes subjects would gargle for 30 seconds with Garglin and herb extracts (2%). Subsequently, concentration of VSC were measured at 0, 4, 8, 12 and 20 minutes. Results: 1. MBC of Mume Fructusfor P. gingivalis 2561 was determined to be <1% and MBCs of Eriobotryae Folium for P. gingivalis 2561 and Pr. intermedia ATCC 25611 were determined to be <2% and <1%, respectively. Mume Fructus (1%) completely suppressed the P. gingivalis cell viability from 5 hrs and Eriobotryae Folium (1%) completely suppressed the Pr. intermedia cell viability from 48 hrs. 2. In GC analysis, deodorizing activities were 91.54% with Mume Fructus, 87.97% with Eriobotryae Folium, 100% with Acanthopanacis Cortex, 72.36% with Angelicae Dahuricae Radix and 40.54% with Garglin $Mint^{(R)}$. 3. In malodor modeling of the salivary sediment system, each of the medicinal herbs had significantly inhibitory effect on malodor formation (p<0.05). 4. In the preliminary clinical study, the concentration of VSC of the herb groups was significantly lower than of the control group, but not in Garglin $Mint^{(R)}$. Conclusions: Mume Fructus, Eriobotryae Folium, Acanthopanacis Cortex and Angelicae Dahuricae Radixhave deodorizing activities and potential as an effective mouthwash against oral malodor.