• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.429-434
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• 2019

The gonads are directly affected by radiation exposure during radiography of the pelvis, abdomen, and spine. Exposure of the gonads to radiation can cause genetic mutations and can result in the occurrence of malignant tumors. In this study, we created three types of shielding material shapes for shielding of the ovaries, which are the gonads of female during radiography of the pelvis, and comparative evaluations using shadow shielding methods. The source surface distance(SSD) was 100 cm and the field size was 42 cm × 43 cm. The three types of shielding material shapes(type 1, 2 and 3) were assessed and the entrance surface dose in the ovaries were measured. The thickness of the shielding material was expanded from 0.3 mm to 2.4 mm and after five repetitions, radiation values were measured and mean values were calculated. The mean dose were 3.09 mGy for type 1, 3.54 mGy for type 2, and 3.19 mGy for type 3, indicating that the measurements were the lowest for type 1. When an additional filter of 0.2 Cu + 1 Al was used, the dose were 3.72 mGy for type 1, 5.43 mGy for type 2, and 4.05 mGy for type 3, indicating that the measurements were the lowest for type 1. The results show that, even if the shielding material is not thick, in other words, even with a thickness of 2.94 mGy for the SN 3(0.9 mm) of type 1, shielding can be achieved, with a patient dose lower than the diagnostic reference level(3.42 mGy). Additionally, among the three types of shielding material, the type 1 appeared to be the most appropriate shielding material. It is thought that the use of shielding material could reduce the risk factors for stochastic effects or critical effects of ionizing radiation during pelvic or lumbar radiography.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 1990

1979년 3월부터 1984년 8월 사이에 서울대학교병원에서 방사선치료를 받은 31명의 TINOMO와 17명의 T2NOMO를 포함하는 48명의 초기성문암 환자에 대한 후향적 조사분석을 시행하였다. 대상 환자들에 대한 추적조사기간의 중간값은 67개월이었으며 (범위 : 34개월$\~$126개월), $85.4\%$의 환자에서 5년이상 추적이 가능하였다. 전체 환자군의 5년 생존율 및 무병 생존율은 각각 $83.2\%$ 및 $69.4\%$였다. T1 병기환자군의 5년 생존율 및 무병생존율은 각각 $87.1\%$ 및 $76.0\%$였으며, T2 병기 환자군에서는 각각 $76.5\%$ 및 $58.2\%$였다. 초기 성문암의 방사선치료에 있어서의 치료실패의 원인, 선량-반응 관계, 이차성 악성종양의 발현 및 보다 좋은 치료성 적을 얻기 위한 제언 등에 대한 분석 및 토론을 하였다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.165-169
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• 2005

골수외 형질세포종은 드문 종양으로 두경부에 주로 발생하며 수술 혹은 방사선의 국소 치료로 완치가 가능한 종양이다. 저자들은 구개편도에 발생 후 국소 방사선 치료로 완전 관해된 골수외 형질세포종 1예를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제39권12호
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• pp.877-887
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• 2016

Tazarotene-induced gene 1 (TIG1) is a retinoic acid-inducible protein that is considered a putative tumor suppressor. The expression of TIG1 is decreased in malignant prostate carcinoma or poorly differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma, but TIG1 is present in benign or well-differentiated tumors. Ectopic TIG1 expression led to suppression of growth in cancer cells. However, the function of TIG1 in cell differentiation is still unknown. Using a yeast two-hybrid system, we found that transmembrane protein 192 (TMEM192) interacted with TIG1. We also found that both TIG1A and TIG1B isoforms interacted and co-localized with TMEM192 in HtTA cervical cancer cells. The expression of TIG1 induced the expression of autophagy-related proteins, including Beclin-1 and LC-3B. The silencing of TMEM192 reduced the TIG1-mediated upregulation of autophagic activity. Furthermore, silencing of either TIG1 or TMEM192 led to alleviation of the upregulation of autophagy induced by all-trans retinoic acid. Our results demonstrate that the expression of TIG1 leads to cell autophagy through TMEM192. Our study also suggests that TIG1 and TMEM192 play an important role in the all-trans retinoic acid-mediated upregulation of autophagic activity.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.1050-1054
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• 2005

Recently, arsenic compounds were considered as novel agents for treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia and malignant tumors. However, it showed severe toxicity effect on normal tissue at the same time. In this study, to investigate the possible molecular mechanism (s) of arsenic compounds as candidate of anti-cancer drugs, we compared the abilities of two arsenic compounds, tetraarsenic oxide $(AS_4O_6)$ and arsenic trioxide (diarsenic oxide, $As_2O_3$), to induce cell growth inhibition as well as apoptosis induction in A549 human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Both $As_4O_6\;and\;As_2O_3$ treatment declined the cell growth and viability of A549 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, which was associated with induction of G1 arrest of the cell cycle and apoptotic cell death. However, $As_4O_6$ induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in A549 cells at much lower concentrations than $As_2O_3.\;As_4O_6$ down-regulated the levels of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, however, the levels of Bax, a pro-apoptotic protein, were up-regulated in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, $As_4O_6$ might be a new arsenic compound which may induce apoptosis in A549 cells by modulation the Bcl-2 family and deserves further evaluation.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.191-198
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• 1998

Objectives: We performed an immunohistochemical study to examine the place of neovascularization in the tumorigenic process of follicular thyroid carcinoma and to determine whether tumor angiogenic activity in follicular carcinoma plays a role in tumor aggression. Materials & Methods: We studied 63 follicular thyroid carcinomas and compared with 22 follicular adenomas. The areas of capsular invasion, vascular invasion and cellular atypism of the tumor were confimed on H & E stains. The paraffin embedded tissues were stained by the use of monoclonal antibodies against Ag CD34. Microvesseles were counted in the area of highest vascular density at 200 times magnification. The microvessel densities(MVD) were analized in relation to histologic type and location of the tumors. Results: There were 59 minimal invasive types and 4 widely invasive types of carcinoma. In the histologic specimens of carcinomas, capsular invasion was identified in all the cases, vascular invasion in 46 and cellular atypism in 24. Mean values of the MVDs of the minimal invasive carcinomas, the widely invasive carcinomas and the adenomas were $263.8{\pm}69.2,\;256.l{\pm}49.3\;and\;241.5{\pm}159.4$, respectively and there was no significant difference between each group. In follicular carcinomas, there was a regional difference of the MVDs. The areas of tumor showing cellular atypism and adjacent to or penetrating the capsule, in which represents the tumorigenic process of carcinoma, had a higher rate of vascularization, than other areas of the tumor(p<0.05). However, these features were not noted in the follicular adenomas. Conclusion: Although there was no significant difference of the MVD between follicular carcinomas and adenomas, there was a regional difference of the MVD within the carcinomas and the values were significantly higher in the more malignant areas, as indicated by cellular atypism and capsular invasion. Therefore, tumor angiogenic activity measured by MVD may play a role in tumor aggression in follicular thyroid carcinoma.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.51-55
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• 2006

The plasmacytoid variant is an extremely rare form of urothelial carcinoma in which the malignant cells resemble those of plasmacytoma. We report the cytologic features of 3 cases of this disorder. All 3 patients were male and presented with painless macroscopic hematuria. The voided urine cytology revealed a few scattered clusters of tumor cells in a bloody background. Each tumor cell had an abundant amount of cytoplasm that was clear or densely stained and characterized by eccentrically located nuclei. A histological examination of tissue obtained from a radical cystectomy confirmed the cytologic diagnosis in each 3 case, revealing a diffusely infiltrating tumor composed of round, noncohesive tumor cells demonstrating a high nuclear grade. These cells had infiltrated the tunica propria in 2 cases, but were limited to the submucosa in 1 case. The tumor cells were plasmacytoid in appearance, each demonstrating an eccentric nucleus and dense cytoplasm, as seen in the cytologic findings. All of the tumors were immunoreactive for pancytokeratin, CK7, CK20; negative for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), leukocyte common antigen (LCA), kappa, lambda, and CD79a. Thus, it is important to consider the plasmacytoid variant of urothelial carcinoma in addition to plasmacytoma or lymphoma as a diagnosis when encountering plasmacytoid tumor cells in a voided urine sample.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2012

Objectives: The inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene $p16^{INK4a}$ plays an important role in the development of malignant tumors, including oral squamous cell carcinoma. The p16 gene is involved in the p16/cyclin-dependent kinase/retinoblastoma (Rb) gene pathway of cell cycle control. The p16 protein is considered a negative regulator of this pathway. The p16 gene encodes an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 which regulate the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma gene and G1 to S phase transition in the cell cycle. However, the p16 gene can lose its functionality through point mutations, loss of heterozygosity or methylation of its promoter region. Materials and Methods: In this study, the authors analyzed the correlation between various clinicopathological findings- patient age, gender and smoking, disease recurrence, tumor size, stage, and differentiation- and p16 protein expression or p16 promoter hypermethylation in 59 cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Results: The results revealed p16 protein expression and p16 promoter hypermethylation in 28 cases (47.5%) and 21 cases (35.6%), respectively, of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. However, neither p16 protein expression nor p16 promoter hypermethylation had any statistical influence on clinicopathological findings or survival rate. Conclusion: This data, and a review of the literature, suggest that p16 promoter hypermethylation cannot yet be used as an independent prognostic factor influencing carcinogenesis, but must be considered as an important factor along with other genetic alterations affecting the pRb pathway.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.184-194
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• 2011

The dorsalis pedis artery (DPA) was renamed from the anterior tibialis artery after it passed under the extensor retinaculum, and DPA travels between the extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus muscle along the dorsum of the foot. After giving off the proximal and distal tarsal, arcuate and medial tarsal branches, DPA enters the proximal first intermetatarsal space via the first dorsal metatarsal artery (FDMA), which courses over the first dorsal interosseous muscle (FDIM). For detailed knowledge of the neurovascular anatomy of a dorsalis pedis artery flap (DPAF) as a routine reconstructive procedure after the resection of oral malignant tumors, the precise neurovascular anatomy of DPAF must be studied along the DPA courses as above. In this first review article in the Korean language, the anatomical basis of DPAF is summarized and discussed after a delicate investigation of more than 35 recent articles and atlas textbooks. Many advantages of DPAF, such as a consistent flap vascular anatomy, acceptable donor site morbidity, and the ability to perform simultaneous flap harvest using oral cancer ablation procedures, and additional important risks with the pitfalls of DPAF were emphasized. This article will be helpful, particularly for young doctors during the special curriculum periods for the Korean National Board of Specialists in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery, plastic surgery, otolaryngology, orthopedic surgery, etc.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.134-143
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• 2008

Infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma (IHHE) is the most common benign vascular hepatic tumor in children. We analyzed the 17-year experience of IHHE. The medical records of 16 patients (M:F=8:8) treated at the Department of Pediatric Surgery and the Department of Pediatrics Seoul National University Children's Hospital between January 1991 and January 2008 were reviewed retrospectively. Mean age at presentation was 87 days (1 day - 551 days). Seventy five percent of patients were diagnosed with imaging study and 25 % with biopsy. Major symptoms were hepatomegaly (N=5), palpable abdominal mass (N=4) and congestive heart failure (N=3). Six patients had no symptoms. Kasabach-Merritt syndrome was combined in one patient. Nine patients (56.3 %) underwent operation and 2 patients (12.5 %) underwent only medical treatment. Clinical observation was tried on 5 patients (31.3 %) without any treatment. Operation was performed on the patient with clinical symptoms or on patients where the differentiation between begin and malignant could not be determined. Patients who had clinical symptoms but tumor was unreresectabile were treated medically. Among the 5 patients who had been observed for their clinical course, 2 patients showed complete regression and the tumors of the remaining 3 patients were regressing. Clinical symptoms, the age at presentation, the size of tumor and ${\alpha}$-FP, all had no significant statistical relationship with the time required for complete tumor regression. There was no relationship between the size change of the tumor and the change of ${\alpha}$-FP level. Only the size of tumor was related with clinical symptoms. One patient died of post-operatvie bleeding. Treatment plan was determined by the extent of the tumor and the presence of clinical symptoms. Observation was enough for the patients without clinical symptoms and complete resection was curative for patients with clinical symptoms. Medical treatment is an alternative for the patient whose tumor is unresectable.