• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.415-433
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• 1991

Seasonal variation in size and number of floral structures was examined in two massachusetts populations of chelidonium major, a self-compatible herb. All floral charcters except for anther number per flower declind significantly during a 3 week period. However, temporal patterns were not identical among characters or between popolations. The result indicate that floral characters varied in conjunction with flower diameter,but that the pattern of changes in floral characters in response to environments may not be easy to predict. Principal components analysis was conducted to environments may not be easy to predict. principal compenents analysis was conducted tl identify the functional relationship among floral male function, and female function, respectively, perhaps reflecting the functional distinction of floral characters. Based on this pattern, the relative allocation to sexual structures within flowers was examined: male allocation was relatively greater than female allocation eary or in the middle of flowering season, depending upon populations. Temporalvariation in relative allocation within flowers was not independent of seed tield components:; different combinations of the size and number of floral characters were correlated with different seed yield components, for example, either seed size or number per fruit, during a season. in particular, allocations to attractive and male structures were highly correlated with mean seed weight only earlier in the season. These result provide some evidence that flowering phenolgy is an important comportant to be considered in the study of sexual allocation.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.231-243
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate misconceptions regarding the structure of flowers and the function of the course based on the 'Flower' section of 5th grade elementary school science courses. It also sought to investigate how misconceptions are changed before and after the application of a Driver learning model, and finally analysing any differences in the correction of misconceptions. A questionnaire was created for 199 5th grade elementary school pupils. The major results before and after using an applied Driver learning mode teaching plan are as follows: In the response for questions, 13.6% and 14.5% of misconceptions were corrected for male and female pupils, respectively. For rural and urban pupils, 14.8% and 11.2% of misconceptions were corrected, respectively. In the comparison of male and female pupils according to the reasons for selection of responses before and after using an applied Driver learning model teaching plan, 27.8% of male and 30.0% of female pupils scientific conceptions showed improvement. For rural and urban schools, 26.6% and 32.2% of scientific conceptions were improved, respectively. Data from this study may help teachers to reconsider their own conceptions regarding the study of the flower as it is presently conducted in elementary school.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.362-368
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• 2020

In this study, the gallic acid content of various varieties of chestnuts (Daebo, Okgwang, Chukpa, Samjosaeng) was investigated during the period between May 2018 to July 2019. A quantitative analysis was performed by HPLC using extracts of chestnut, inner skin, outer skin, branches, chestnut, male flower, and the male flower for each type of chestnut tree. Gallic acid was identified by dissolving standard gallic acid in water and analyzed three times in the concentration range of 100, 200, 250, and 500ppm. Linearity was confirmed by the peak area ratio at each concentration. Among the different chestnut varieties, the gallic acid content was highest at 0.0863% in Chukpa, followed by Daebo, Okgwang, and Samjosaeng. While comparing the average gallic acid content of each part of the chestnut tree, it was observed that the falling male flower had the highest content at 1.2100%, followed by chestnut leaves, chestnut pines, and branches. In a comparison of the inner skins, the Daebo variety had the highest gallic acid content at 0.7463% followed by Chukpa, Okgwang, and Samjosaeng. The outer skin of Samjosaeng had the highest content at 0.4918%, followed by Chukpa, Daebo, and Okgwang. The pines of the Samjosaeng chestnut had the highest content at 1.3035%, followed by Daebo, Chukpa, and Okgwang.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2017

In this study we surveyed the preferences of consumer packaging for mini pot flower plants to improve the flower market application in Korea. The surveys were consisted of the consumers residing in Seoul metropolitan (221), Gyeonsang (70), Jeonla (29), Chungceong (19), Gangwon (7), other provinces (3). A total of 349 eligible respondents (male 173, female 176) were surveyed with a self-administered questionnaire asking on the general characteristics for residents, packaging material, packaging design, type of flower pot, degree of transparency, convenience, consumer's demand for packaging development, a significant point when purchasing the flower pot product. The collected date was analyzed using a chi-square (${\chi}^2$) statistical test in SPSS program. Most residents prefer for mini pot flower plants packed with packaging characteristics of plastic material (56.4%), packaging design of separated type (76.2%), angled type (62.5%), and transparency (48.6%). The other question results showed that major consumer's demand for mini pot flower plants is maintaining the freshness quality and stability structure for them. Transparency of packaging can also affect directly the preferences for purchasing the mini pot flower plants. The packaging structure with a proper shape design may protect the fresh mini pot flower plants from shock or any other damage during distribution. The results of this study help to provide consumer's demand for packaging development and to give the greatest advantages in terms of production and marketability of mini pot flower plants.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.299-304
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• 2010

The striped fruit fly, Baetrocera scutellata (Diptera: Tephritidae), is one of the most important pests in Cucurbitaceae plants. Among 6 attractants for B. scutellata used, Cue-lure was shown better effect than the others. Newly emerged adult of B. scutellata had been occurred early June of the year tested. There were two peaks of occurrences of B. scutellata, one was from mid-July to early August and the other was early September suggesting that B. scutellata has two generation a year. The larva of B. seutellata damaging the female flower and stem of the pumpkin was found for the frist time on Korea. The blossoms were damaged and fallen by B. scutellata which were 53.8% of male flower and 30.7% of female flower in the 6 pumpkins. The pumpkin flowers were damaged 51.9% by B. scutellata. Especially thc pumpkin flowers damaged were shown 72.7% (1015/1397 individuals) from August to September. The larva of B. scutellata was found from the Trichosanthes kirilowii on 24 June 2009 in Jinan-gun Jeollabuk-do.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1988

Flower buds of the mulberry(Morus alba L., Morus bombycis Koidz.) were cultured under different conditions such as basal media, and various concentrations of plant growth substances. Effects of the culture conditions on growth of the buds and organ regeneration were investigated and the result obtained are as follows: Murashige and Skoog(M.S.) medium was more effective on budding and growth of female(Keomseolppong) and male(Kaeryangppong) flower buds isolated directly from branches, compared to Greshoff & Doy(G.D.) and Wolter & Skog(W.S.) media. The growth of the female buds was promoted at higher concetration of benzyl amino purine(BAP) i.e., 2.0ppm. The female and male buds cultured after cuuting for seven days showed better growth than those without cutting treatment. The females and the males bloomed to form healthy stigmas and anthers, respectively, when cultured on M.S. media containing high Kinetin with low concentration of indole acetic acid(IAA).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.604-611
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• 1999

The effects of anti-stress chrysanthemum flower (ASCF) extract drink (ASCF-0.1% and ASCF-0.5% concentrations) were tested for the anti-stress action. ICR male mice (20$\pm$2 g) were fed with basic experimental diets and given free access to water containing these ingredients for 18 days. Psychological stress/sociopsychologcal stress exposed by foot-shock for 1 hour for 3 days. Both ASCF-0.1 and ASCF-0.5 groups in the sociopsychological stress resulted in a significant decrease of 28.1% and 27.3% in plasma corticosterone (CS) secretion compared with psychological stress (control group). Noradrenaline (NA) secretions in the brain were significantly increased 49.7% and 53.9%, respectively, in ASCF-0.1 and ASCF-0.5 groups compared with control group. MHPG-SO4 (3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethy-leneglycol sulfate) levels in the brain resulted in a marked decreases of 12.9% and 16.6%, respectively in ASCF-0.1 and ASCF-0.5 groups. NA/MHPG-SO4 ratios in the brain of ASCF-0.1 and ASCF-0.5 groups resulted in a significantly increase of 71.3% and 81.0%, respectively, compared with control group. These results suggest that anti-stress chrysanthemum flower (ASCF) drink can effectively ridded the sociopsychological stress.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.07a
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• pp.79-82
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• 1998

White and blue/white varieties of Torenia hybrida cv. Summerwave (SWB) were successfully obtained from the blue variety of by cosuppressing gene expression of two of the enzymes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis; chalcone synthase (CHS) and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR). Such molecular brceding is the only precise and efficient way to widen the flower color variation of SWB due to its male and female sterility. Flower color and the degree of suppression varies depending on the transgenic lines. The dorsal and ventral petal lobes and corolla tube consistently lose anthocyanins prior to lateral petal lobes. A pink variety was also obtained by cosuppressing the flavonoid 3`5`-hydroxylase (F3`5`H) gene. Yellow torenia was obtained from T-33, an in-house cultivar that contained both carotenoids and anthocyanins, by blockage of anthocyanin biosynthesis with cosuppressing CHS or DFR genes.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2019

We investigated the pollinators of Centipede's foot orchid (Cleisostoma scolopendrifolium) at five locations in southern Korea. Only one species of megachilid bee (Megachile yasumatsui) was observed at three of the sites (Mokpo, Haenam, and Wando). We assumed that the megachilid bee worked as a sole pollinator of C. scolopendrifolium based on the visiting behavior of the bees the attached pollinia. Fruits were observed at the three locations that bees visited: 74% fruit set at Mokpo, 59% at Wando, and 31% at Haenam. By contrast, at two of the locations where megachilid bees did not visit the plants (Naju and Jindo), there were no fruits set. The differences in fruit set rates at the three orchid populations where bees were observed appear to be related to bee abundance and flower visitation rate rather than to differences in flower abundance. The pollination interaction between C. scolopendrifolium and megachilid bees appears to involve sexual deception since only male bees were attracted to the flowers. The underlying mechanism involved in this interaction needs investigation.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.375-384
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to look into the influence of the junior florist training course on self-esteem of children in low-income families at the community child care center. Accordingly, the program was carried out by dividing 46 children into two groups from June 2 to August 30, 2017. The program was designed into 12 sessions of floral arrangement classes, followed by the certification test. For the program, this study set 11 flower forms focusing on line, surface, and mass arrangements as the basic forms of the western flower arrangements. For the certification test, this study had the participants take the junior florist course implemented by the Korea Ggotggozi Daegyeong Association. Seventy four percent of the total participants in this program acquired a Junior Florist Certificate. As a result, self-esteem of the experimental group significantly improved (p=.000). By items of self-esteem, the experimental group showed significant changes in social self-esteem (p=.002), familial self-esteem (p=.016), and academic self-esteem (p=.031). General self-esteem did not show a statistically significant difference, but there was an improvement by 1.9%, and this study found that there was a 5.4% change on average in social, familial, and academic self-esteem. By gender, it was found that both male (p=.003), and female participants (p=.013) showed a significant change. By grade, there were significant changes in both the lower grades (p=.014), and higher grades (p=.003).