• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.2 no.2 s.2
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• pp.34-47
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to investigate the perception of males about make-up and the make-up process, analyze principal factors affecting their decision when purchasing cosmetics and, ultimately, to provide basic data for further survey and research into features of cosmetics and their satisfaction. The subjects of the study a.e male adults living in Jeonju, Iksan and Gunsan cities of Jeonbuk province. Surveyors made direct interviews with the subjects from October 21 to 30, 2003 and collected 174 questionnaires from them, which were subsequently put to the final analysis. The demographic characters of the surveyed showed that 60.9% of them were in the age ranging 30 to 39, 75.3% married, 69.5% undergraduates or graduates, 39.1% self-employed, 25.9% earning more than 3.01 million Won monthly and 43.7% spending less than 10,000 Won a month for cosmetics. Their make-up and purchasing pattern of cosmetics featured that 54.0% of the surveyed use cosmetics for skin care, 54.0% for cleanness and health, 84.5% for foundation(lotion or skin lotion) only, and 60.9% once a day. Out of the surveyed males, 79.3% haven't experienced any adverse side effects after make-up. Of those who experienced, 80.5% named disagreement of cosmetics with skin for the reason. As for kind or symptom of the side effects, 38.8% set forth itching. Among those who had aftermath or intoxication from make-up, 52.8% said they could recover naturally. According to the survey, 57.5% felt somewhat awkward after make-up, but not quite bad though. Thirty-seven point nine percent of the males surveyed replied they cared little about the purpose of male-oriented cosmetics. Quality was raised by 31.0% as the foremost issue to improve. Television turned out to be the main source for 56.9% of the surveyed to get information about cosmetics. For 56.35%, general discount shops are preferred to buy cosmetics and 24.7% of them take ones recommended by salespeople. When buying cosmetics, 47.1% considered color and fragrance most seriously.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.373-377
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• 1972

The patient, a 17-year old Korean male, had difficulty in mastication, and a protruding lower jaw combined with open bite. Cosmetic complaint was right displacement of mandible. He was corrected by reversed L-shaped bilateral Osteostomy in ascending ramus.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 1992.09a
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• pp.36-45
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• 1992

The dosal sites of 61 Koreans were exposed to increasing UVB doses in the 10mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$ interval from 10mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$ to 100mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$ by solar-simulator, and at the 24hr after UV-B exposure we determined the first MED (Minimal Erythema Dose). For the precise measurements, we peformed the second exposures arround the first MED with 2.5mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$ interval. The mean MED of all volunteers was 39.6 $\pm$ 15.7mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$. As the distinction of sex, the means of male and female were 46.9 $\pm$ 18.1mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and 31.5$\pm$8.5mJ/$\textrm{cm}^2$ respectively. According to the classification of skin type by Greiter. F.(1), the percent of skin type I to Ⅵ were 10.9%, 36.4%, 34.6%, 12.7%, 3.6%, and 1.8% respectively.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.296-299
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• 2018

Xanthelasma palpebrarum is the most common cutaneous xanthoma found on the medial side of the eyelid. The typical lesion is usually a flat and yellowish plaque on the skin. However, we report on a unique case of intramuscular xanthoma found during blepharoplasty for the correction of ptosis. A 53-year-old male patient visited our department with a complaint of a ptotic eyelid. He was concerned about the cosmetic appearance and the uncomfortable feeling while opening his eyes, and wanted these problems to be solved. A yellowish plaque of about $0.3{\times}0.3cm$ in size was found in the orbicularis oculi muscle during the surgery. The lesion was excised and xanthelasma was confirmed with biopsy. We have found this specific case of xanthelasma palpebrarum in the only muscle. Therefore, a careful approach to clinical and histologic examination and imaging is required for patients with these lesions.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.33-36
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• 2023

Purpose: This study analyzed the perfume buying behavior of 561 men in their 20s and 30s. Research design, data and methodology: The demographic characteristics of the study subjects were analyzed frequently, the use of perfumes and chi-square tests were performed to identify differences in purchasing behavior, and the Likert 5-point scale was used to measure the importance of the reasons for choosing perfumes. Results: The most commonly used perfume product was Eau de Toilette, which had statistically significant differences with age and education (p<.05). Perfumes were most commonly purchased at health and beauty stores, with statistically significant differences by age, marital status, and education (p<.05). Conclusions: The study subjects have a high purchasing power for perfume products and are proficient in using smart devices, so they have a high level of information through beauty platforms, so they need to promote online products by introducing live commerce, etc.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.316-324
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• 1990

This study is a review of the early postoperative results in fifteen patients who diagnosed funnel chest and underwent the corrective surgical procedure by the sternal turnover[STO] or the sternocostal elevation[SCE] between January 1988 and February 1990. Thirteen among fifteen patients were male. Early eight patients were corrected by the STO and late seven patients by the SCE. Cosmetic result was excellent in one, fair in five, poor in two patients who received the STO and excellent in all patients corrected by the SCE. This unfavorable postoperative result in the STO group was due to the protrusion of inverted xiphisternal joint, the depression along the rejoined costal cartilages and forward tilting of the distal sternum. The lower vertebral indices measured on the lateral chest film were improved postoperatively from 0.42\ulcorner0.08 to 0.30\ulcorner0.05 in the STO group and from 0.31\ulcorner0.05 to 0.24\ulcorner0.03 in the SCE group. There was significant improvement in lower vertebral index in both groups, but it was difficult to compare the postoperative improvement between groups due to the different preoperative status. In the SCE group, the funnel index and the degree of depression measured on the computed tomography were significantly improved from 5.29\ulcorner1.72 and 3.11\ulcorner0.71 to 2.77\ulcorner0.46 and 1.63\ulcorner0.19[P<0.05], but there was no significant change in the degree of flatness postoperatively. This results suggest that sternocostal elevation is more cosmetic procedure than sternal turnover in children and in young adolescents whose funnel index measured on the computed tomography is low.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.16-19
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• 2007

Objective : This report describes the clinical study of the surgical method of lateral third infraclavicular implantation of vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) generator through the axillary wrinkle incision. Methods : In a retrospective study, the data for 20 patients with medically intractable epilepsy treated by this approach were examined. The mean age was 31.4 years (range : 14-50), and the mean follow-up period was 12.15 months (range : 4-21 months). The male to female ratio was 2.3 : 1. The subcutaneous pocket for the generator was located in the lateral third infraclavicular area through the axillary wrinkle. Our method was a modification of the standard VNS generator implantation in the mid-infraclavicular pocket through anterior axillary incision. Results : There were the excellent or good cosmetic satisfaction in 95% of the cases and fair in 5%. The generator was located outside the lung field in 15%, periphery of the lung field in 45%, and crossed over the lung field in 40%. Discomfort from shoulder motion occurred transiently in 35% of cases. Other complications were minimal. Conclusion : These results demonstrate that the lateral third infraclavicular apporach will offers cosmetic benefits and reduction of obscuration of the lung field without serious complications. Thus, this technique provides an attractive alternative among the surgical techniques for the vagal nerve stimulation.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.44-48
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• 2009

Purpose: The treatment of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the face remains a difficult challenge in plastic surgery. Incomplete resection resulting in uncontrolled bleeding, postoperative enlargement of the remaining malformation, and a poor functional and cosmetic result could be the problems confronted by the surgeons. Methods: A 37 year-old male with large arteriovenous malformation in face treated with preoperative superselective transarterial embolization and free flap transfer. The size of the defect was $13{\times}9cm$. Sclerotheraphy without resection were performed several times but the results were unsatisfactory. Resection was performed the next day of embolization. We were able to repair with the thoracodorsal artery perforator free flap. And facial muscle reconstruction performed by simultaneous muscle and nerve transfer. Results: During the follow-up period 8 months the patient regained an acceptable cosmetic appearance. And he has shown no reexpansion of the malformation. Conclusion: The thoracodorsal artery perforator free flap could be a good choice for the reconstruction for massive defects of the face. A huge arteriovenous malformation could be safely removed and successfully reconstructed by the complete embolization, wide excision and coverage with a well vascularized tissue.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

Osteomas are most often located in the femur, tibia, humerus, spine, and talus. They are rare in the skull. Osteomas in the head and neck regions are benign bone neoplasms usually found in the frontoethmoid area. The developmental theory postulates that osteomas develop at the sites of fusion of tissues different embryological origin such as occur at the junction of the embryonic cartilaginous frontal and ethmoid bones. Trauma and infection have also been implicated as causative factors, but many patients with osteoma deny any preceding history of these. Osteomas are usually produce symptoms primary to cosmetic problems and secondary to pressure on adjacent structures. The objects of this study are from a 5-year period of April of 2002 to April of 2007, consisting of 48 male patients and 52 female. There were 33 cases of frontal bone osteomas, 5 cases of madibular bone osteomas, 5 cases of occipital bone osteomas, 6 cases of symptomatic paranasal sinus osteomas, 48 cases of asymptomatic paranasal sinus osteomas, and 3 cases of mastoid osteomas. We reviewed medical records of patients to find out their presentations, diagnostic considerations, therapeutic options, and outcomes. Patients were followed up six months postoperatively on the average. The authors experienced 48 cases of osteoma in the head and neck lesion, which were removed via direct approach or endoscopic approach. The 100 cases who came to the hospital with or without symptoms after diagnosis healed completely without sequelae. During the follow-up periods, excellent functional and cosmetic results were observed with an inconspicuous scar. There was no specific complications related to this procedure. Results of surgery in most cases were satisfied. We discussed the surgical procedure and the characteristics of the osteomas, and we report several cases with the review of literatures.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2012

Bee venom (Apis mellifera L., BV) has been used as a cosmetic ingredient for antiaging, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial functions. The aim of this study was to access the skin sensitization of BV, a Buehler test was conducted fifty healthy male Hartley guinea pigs with three groups; Group G1 (BV-sensitization group, 20 animals), group G2 (the positive control-sensitization group, 20 animals), and group G3 (the ethyl alcohol-sensitization group, 10 animals). The exposure on the left flank for induction was repeated three times at intervals of one week. Two weeks after the last induction, the challenge was performed on the right flank. No treatment-related clinical signs or body weight changes were observed during the study period. The average skin reaction evaluated by erythema and edema on the challenge sites and sensitization rate in the BV-sensitization group at 30 hours were 0.0 and 0%, respectively, which are substantially low compared with in positive control group (average skin reaction: 0.55, sensitization rate: 40%) and identical with in vehicle control group, representing a weak sensitizing potential. The average skin reaction and sensitization rate observed at 54 hours were 0.0 and 0% in the BV-sensitization group, respectively, and 0.25 and 20% in the positive control group, respectively. It was concluded that BV classified to Grade I, induced no sensitization when tested in guinea pigs and may provide a developmental basis for a cosmetic ingredient or external application for topical uses.