• 복식
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.36-50
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• 2011

The traditional masculinity has been gradually diversified towards the 21th century due to a new social environment. Men embrace his feminine side with heightened aesthetic sense using cosmetic products for better skin, hair, and nails. This diversification of male image and his beauty style proves the addition of feminity to masculinity. C. G. Jung felt that we are all really bisexual in nature. The anima is the female aspect present in the collective unconscious of men and it is the archetype through which we communicate with the collective unconscious generally, and it is important to get into touch with it for self-realization. This study analyzes subconscious desire based on the anima archetype in the collective unconscious of men through the diversity of the gender identity shown in men's cosmetic advertisements, and therefore it aim to help developing a marketing strategy of male beauty industry in the future. For this purpose, it conducted an empirical analysis of male beauty style in cosmetic advertisements through the Jungian anima theory. The conclusion of this study is as follows: First, gender identity represented in cosmetic advertisements was typified as Retrosexual, Ubersexual, Metrosexual, Cross sexual. Second, the anima archetype stimulates feminity in male beauty style. Cross sexual type has the highest feminine tendency. Third, range of utilization of cosmetic products is articulated with the diverse gender identity. Cross sexual type is most similar to the female beauty style. This feminization of male beauty style is the external expression of collective unconscious and affords human being to reach self-realization.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.88-100
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• 2015

In our increasingly aged society, the term centenarian, meaning people 100 years old or older, is used more and more frequently. Indeed, anticipating long life, middle-aged to advanced-age people have changed their lifestyles to purchase goods for themselves. In addition, as the social trend of careful grooming for positive appearance spreads within the Korean society, the demand for senior male cosmetic products is likely to grow as the society ages further. However, previous large studies on the market for senior male cosmetics are limited. Since information is lacking about senior male consumers' awareness of cosmetics, this study examined their use of cosmetic products, purchase behaviors, and demand for cosmetics in order to explore correlations among interest levels in appearance, cosmetic purchase behavior, and cosmetic demand levels through diverse factors related to multiple variables. The results of this study were as follows : First, the more senior men managed their practical appearance, the more frequent their functional and psychological purchase behaviors. Second, the higher their practical purchase behavior, the stronger their demand for reasonable cosmetic prices. Third, the higher their value-oriented purchase behavior, the stronger the demand for greater product diversity. This study investigated men aged 50 or older residing in Seoul. Therefore, generalizing the findings of this study will be limited. Relevant subsequent studies should examine men aged 50 or older in each Korean region and more clearly identify the correlations among interest in appearance, cosmetic product purchase behavior, and cosmetic product demand using various factors related to multiple variables.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.804-818
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences of the information searches and purchasing behavior Korean men in their 20s and 30s, focusing on cosmetic involvement. Research methods consisted of qualitative and quantitative approaches. For the qualitative approach, in-depth interviews and participant observations were conducted to investigate male customers' cosmetic characteristics in information searches and purchasing behavior. Then, the study conducted a quantitative study methodology based on the questionnaires from the in-depth interviews, participant observations, and literature review. The study surveyed 340 Korean men in their 20s and 30s. The cosmetic involvement of the target group was classified into the amusing high-involvement group, the rational low-involvement group, and the obligatory high-involvement group. The results from this study indicated that the groups of male customers classified by cosmetic involvement showed statistically significant differences in terms of information searches and purchasing behaviors. Especially, the obligatory high-involvement group generally displayed high-involvement traits likewise the amusing high-involvement, was more similar to the rational low-involvement group regarding cost effectiveness than the obligatory high-involvement group. Moreover, the classifications of men generally had different characteristics of cosmetic purchasing behavior and information searches than women. This study has a distinctive significance compared with other studies in discovering differences of cosmetic purchasing behaviors of Korean men in their 20s and 30s' cosmetic involvement groups classified using qualitative and quantitative approaches.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.533-546
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• 2008

This study aims on observing the recognition and attitude of caring for outer appearance by deducing the factors of men caring for their outer appearance at current point where male position is being emphasized in the appearance related market and their interest for outer appearance care is increasing. As a result of conducting a survey, male appearance caring behavior was distinguished into fashion, skin and cosmetic, cosmetic surgery, physical image, and hair factors, and among them, physical image factor showed the highest average, which proves that men generally have positive attitude towards caring for their looks. Concerning skin and cosmetics, the results show that interest is high regardless of age and occupation, and the lower the age is, the higher average for fashion, cosmetic surgery, and hair factors, proving that young men have more interest for caring after their looks. However, there was difference in outer appearance caring behavior pursued or favored by each age bracket according to the higher average for physical image in the age bracket higher than 30. Also, each factor of outer appearance caring behavior turned out to have significant correlation to each other.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.303-315
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• 2022

본 연구는 아세안 시장을 중심으로 코로나19의 창궐로 인해 급격하게 달라진 남성 화장품 시장 중 주요 경쟁국인 일본, 중국과 비교 분석하였다. 한중일에 거주하는 MZ세대 남성 300명에게 설문을 받은 결과를 연구 분석자료로 활용하였으며, 수집된 자료의 통계 SPSS 21.0 버전을 이용하여 분석을 진행하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 먼저 구매행동분석에 대한 결과이다. 한중일 3개국 남성 소비자의 화장품 평균 구매비용은 모두 30,000원 미만으로 나타났다. 화장품 구매요인으로는 3개국 모두 기능성, 사용감이 상위를 기록했다. 둘째, 선호하는 브랜드에 대한 답변에서는 한국과 중국은 해외브랜드에 개방적인 반면 일본은 주로 자국 브랜드를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 화장품 구매요인으로는 3개국 모두 기능성, 사용감이 상위를 기록했다. 선호하는 브랜드에 대한 답변에서는 한국과 중국은 해외브랜드에 개방적인 반면 일본은 주로 자국 브랜드를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 코로나19 이후의 화장품 사용 변화에 대한 결과이다. 코로나19 이후의 피부고민에 대한 답변으로 한국, 일본의 경우 여드름이 가장 높게 나타났으며 중국의 경우 피지 분비 증가가 가장 높게 나타났다. 피지에 대한 고민은 3개국 모두 상위로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과를 토대로 아세안 시장에서 한국 남성 화장품의 수출 경쟁력을 확대하기 위한 기초자료로 제안하고자 한다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.38-44
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• 1998

The skin permeation and the skin primary irritation of two UV filters from caprylic capryl triglyceride (oil), oil in water (O/W) and water in oil (W/O) emulsions, were evaluated. We selected octyl moth-oxycinnamate (OMC) broadly used in cosmetics and polymeric sunscreen agent (PSA, average MW: 2,000) synthesized by the coupling reaction of 2-ethylhexyl 4-hydroxycinnamate with poly vinylbenzyl chloride, as model UV filters. For in vitro skin permeation experiments, Franz diffusion cells (effective diffusion area:1.766cm) and the excised skin of female hairless mouse aged 8 weeks were used. Oil or emulsion containing UV filters was applied in the donor compartment. The skin primary irritation was evaluated with fe-male guinea pigs (8-10 weeks,350-400 g). In oil and emulsions, the skin permeability and the skin primary irritation of PSA were lower than those of OMC. The skin permeability of UV filters was lower when they were in oil-in-water emulsion (OIW) than water-in-oil emulsion (W/O). We suggest that O/W system would be more useful when compared with W/O system, and PSA could be a good candidate for a future sunscreen agent for reducing the skin irritation.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book II
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• pp.87-107
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• 2003

It was demonstrated that Transactivating transcriptional activator(TAT) protein from HIV-1 shown to enter cells when added to the surrounding media. TAT peptide chemically attached to various proteins was able to deliver these proteins to various cell and even in tissues in mice with high levels in heart and spleen. In this study, the tripeptide GKH(Glycine-Lysine-Histidine) derived from Parathyroid hormone (PTH), which was known as lipolytic peptide, is attached to 9-poly Lysine(TAT) to be used as a cosmetic ingredient for slimming products. When Glycerol release, expressed as extracellular glycerol concentration, is lipolysis index, TAT-GKH at $10^{-5}$mo1/L induces approximately 41.5% maximal lipolytic effects in epididymal adipocytes isolated from rats, compared with basal lipolysis. Epididymal adipose tissues of male rats is assessed ex vivo by microdialysis. Probes are perfused with Ringer solution in which increasing concentrations of TAT-GKH. The perfusion of TAT-GKH induces lipolytic effect. Penetration study showed that TAT-GKH efficiently elevates 36 times higher penetration into the excised hairless mice skin than GKH. in vivo study showed that TAT-GKH had a better effect upon the relative volume of eye bag after 28 days of application on twenty(+2) healthy female volunteers. It was identified that TAT-GKH increases penetration enhancement and lipolytic effects in both in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.259-273
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• 2009

The goal of this study is to analyze male college students' awareness and behaviors toward appearance management, and expenditure for appearance management. Male subjects' appearance management behaviors were focused on hair, skin, cosmetic surgery, fashion and body shape. A chi-square test, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis were used. The major findings were as follows: (1) The mean of male college students' 'awareness toward appearance management' is 30.01(out of a possible 50). (2) The variables that significantly influenced their awareness toward appearance management are 'an allowance amount per month' and 'household income'. (3) Subjects' most preferred behavior is a variable of 'fashion care' in the appearance management(29.9%). (4) Appearance management behavior is different, according to demographic variables and awareness toward appearance management. (5) The mean of 'monthly expenditure for appearance management' is 247,194won. Consequently, the study shows that there is a most significant relation of 'awareness toward appearance management' to 'expenditure for appearance management'

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.243-251
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• 2019

성별에 따른 직업군의 기준이 무너지는 사회의 변화로 여성의 전유물로 인식되어왔던 뷰티영역에 남성 뷰티전문가들이 종사하고 있으며, 이에 따른 관심도 증가와 더불어 뷰티 산업 속에 차지하는 남성 종사자의 비중이 증가로 나타나고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 성장하는 뷰티산업과 증가하는 남성 뷰티 종사자들 중 화장품 로드샵의 남성 판매종사원의 서비스품질이 구매의사에 미치는 영향을 통하여 향후 남성 뷰티종사자들에게 고객유치에 있어 전략적 시사점을 모색할 수 있는 기초 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 3가지 가설을 수립하고 분석하였다. 그 결과 화장품 로드샵 남성 판매종사원의 서비스품질은 구매의사에 유의미한 정(+)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 화장품 로드샵의 남성 판매종사원들은 구매의사의 증가를 위해서 단정한 외모와 복장으로 고객을 응대하는 자세가 필요하며, 지속적인 제품교육 및 신속하고 정확한 서비스를 제공하는 교육이 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.335-344
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine male students' awareness and receptivity of cross-sexual fashion. The subjects in this study were 480 male university students and 320 high school boys. After a survey was conducted in August 2007, the following findings were given: 1. How much the students were interested in fashion was investigated, and they thought of fashion often, Even though nothing any fashion shopping plan they were interested display of fashion market and logged onto online fashion shopping malls frequently. 2. As for awareness of cross-sexual, they got a mean of 2.79(1.10), which indicated their awareness level was below the average. Those who were more intrigued by fashion, who were university students and who had a girl friend were better cognizant of cross-sexual. 3. To what extent they were receptive to cross-sexual fashion was checked in terms of clothes, haircare, skin care, accessories and perfume/cosmetic surgery and they were most receptive to cross-sexual haircare(3.49). Those who cared more about fashion were more receptive to cross-sexual. The Value of clothes and perfume/cosmetic surgery for university students was higher than the high school students. 4. They were most receptive to other's cross-sexual haircare(3.51) and to other's cross-sexual clothes(2.77) the least. Those who were more intrigued by fashion were more receptive to others seeking after cross-sexual. The Value of clothes sand perfume/cosmetic surgery for university students was higher than the high school students. 5. There was a strong correlational relationship among their interest in fashion, awareness of cross-sexual, receptivity to their own being a cross-sexual man and receptivity to others who are cross-sexual. The findings of the study illustrated that those who were more intrigued by fashion and who were better aware of cross-sexual were more receptive to cross-sexual fashion.