• 대한가정학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.23-37
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• 2011

This study attempted to examine the influences of achievement pressure from parents and the discrepancy of real self and ideal self on the academic achievement motivation among adolescents. To achieve the purpose of this study, a survey was conducted among 1140 students including 559 middle school students in second grade and 581 high school students in second grade in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The results of the study showed that male students were more effected by the achievement pressure from parents than female students and the ideal discrepancy of self-discrepancies had a greate effects on academic achievement motivation regardless of gender. In conclusion, higher achievement pressure and lower ideal discrepancy represented higher academic achievement motivation.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.75-90
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze middle school students' consumption lifestyle and develop a program for measuring Ecological Footprint (EF) for them. For this study, 200 male and female middle school students in large cities, medium & small cities were selected to analyze their consumption lifestyle. It was also that the existing programs for measuring EF were studied and basic rules of setting up new EF indicators were established based on the results of survey and literature study. 15 indexes was selected by dividing the life areas into food, housing, traffic, goods and services areas and than the delpi computer programming tools was used to develop program for measuring EF in this study. The program for measuring EF can be used as educational materials for consumers' environment education in the areas of social environment education and school environment education. The followings are suggestions coming out of this study. First, it is required to revise and complement program for measuring EF analyzing the problems that occur when applying it to middle school students actually. Second, some data that used during normalization of EF ate originally from the USA. So it is necessary to change the data to meet the Korean situation. Third, it is necessary to have design work that can invite interests of students with consumers' environmental education materials through cooperation between environmental education experts and computer programmers. Fourth, it is necessary to have practical research with consumers' environmental education adding educational contents into EF measurement program. Fifth, it is necessary to develop a method for distribution an expansion of the program for measuring EF to make it usable in different types of environmental education materials.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.185-196
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• 2003

In order to investigate the recognition of processed foods, use of food labeling, and their influencing factors in adolescents, 277(male 125, female 152) middle school students were conveniently selected from Cheonan city, and were surveyed by self-recording questionnaire on June, 2000. Subjects' parents were also surveyed using the similar questionnaire. Food labels of all 222 processed foods collected from stores around schools, were well labeled in most items, but food additives(35.6%) and the origin of major ingredient(27.0) were not well indicated. The recognition score of processed foods was 55.0 out of a full score 100 in students and 68.5 in parents. The scores of students were positively correlated with those of their parents and with father's education years, while negatively correlated with snacking expenses. The rate of reading food labels was significantly different between students(51.3%) and their parents(89.9%). The main purposes of reading food labels, in case of students, were to check expiry date(93.7%), price(70.4%), and how to eat(46.5%) in order. While in parents, those were to check expiry date(95.6%), additives(59.0%), and manufacturer(45.8%). Similarly, the most three important items in food labels were expiry date, price, and quantity to the students, but to the parents they were expiry date, manufacturer, and ingredient. The most significant reason not to confirm food labels was because of small size and complication of labels. The students who did not read food labels had more snacking money and more frequent snacking, and showed lower recognition score of processed food, compared with the students who read food labels. In conclusion, the students did not well recognise processed foods and only a half of them read food labels at purchasing. The recognition score of processed foods, snacking moneys, and snacking frequency may be influencing factors on the reading of food labels in students. The high recognition of processed food of parents may positively affect the students' recognition, but did not affect directly the reading food labels.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.219-232
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• 1995

대구지역 중 고등학교 학생들의 학교 책상과 의자의 표준 호수 사용 여부와 그에 따른 신체적 자각 증상 호소율을 조사하기 위하여 1995년 3월 20일에서 4월 19일 사이에 대구지역내에 소재한 남.여, 중 고등학교 전학년 학생 1,201명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 중 고등학교 학생들이 사용하는 책상과 의자는 표준 호수보다 1~3호 정도 높은 것이 대부분이었으며, 희망 호수 역시 조금 높은 것을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 표준 호수를 사용하고 있는 학생은 책상 30.5%, 의자 21.0%였고. 표준호수보다 큰 호수를 사용하고 있는 경우는 책상 61.3%, 의자65.2% 였으며 표준 호수 보다 작은 경우는 각각 8.2%, 13.8%였다. 중학교의 표준 호수 사용율은 책상 44.1%, 의자 26.8%로 고등학교의 16.1% 및 14.7%보다 높았고, 남학생은 책상 31.5%, 의자 24.5%로 여학생의 29.6% 및 17.6%보다 높았다. 공립학교의 표준 호수 사용율은 책상 34.2%, 의자 24.5%로 사립학교의 27.1%, 및 17.5%보다 높은 편이지만 양군 모두 표준호수 사용율은 낮았다. 책상 사용시 가장 불편한 점으로는 낡았다, 서랍이 좁다, 낮다, 면이 고르지 않다의 순이었고. 의자 사용시 가장 불편한 점은 의자면이 딱딱하다, 등받이가 딱딱하다, 낡았다, 낮다, 높다, 면이 좁다의 순이었다. 책상 및 의자의 사용으로 인한 신체부위별 통증 호소율은 중학교 남.여학생에선 목 어깨 호소율이 각각 32.2%, 36.0%로 가장 높았고, 고등학교 남.여학생은 허리 호소율이 각각 37.9%, 44.1%로 가장 높았다. 신장이 증가할수록 허리 통증 호소율이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 목 어깨 통중은 전반적으로 높게 호소했다. 책상 및 의자를 표준 호수로 사용활 경우 목 어깨 통증 호소율은 각각 25.4% 및 23.8%인데 비해 표준 호수보다 큰 책상이나 의자를 사용하는 경우는 각각 31.5% 및 31.8%로 호소율이 높았으며, 작은 경우 역시 26.5% 및 28.9%로 높았다. 표준 호수 보다 크거나 작은 책상 및 의자를 사용하는 경우에 비해 표준 호수를 사용할 경우 허리통증 호소율이 모두 낮았다. 대구지역 중 고등학교 학생들의 책상 및 의자의 표준 호수 사용율은 매우 낮았으며, 사용하는 책상과 의자 호수가 자신이 희망하는 호수와 많은 차이를 보이고 있으며, 이에 따른 신체 부위별 통증 호소율은 비교적 높게 나타났다. 따라서 학생들의 체격조건을 고려하여 책상과 의자를 구입, 배분하는데 최대한의 배려를 하여야 할 것이며, 표준호수와 선호도를 반영한 다양한 호수의 잉여책상과 의자의 보유비율을 높여야 할 것으로 생각한다.

• 한국가족복지학
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.575-593
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• 2018

Online and offline are not separate worlds, especially for adolescents. Many friends in offline settings originally met each other online, but cross-domain influences have rarely been examined. This study aims to examine how much time adolescents spend with peers in online and offline settings, and how time spent with peers influences their online and offline delinquent behaviors during their middle school years. This study used data from the Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS). We focused on students for whom information was available from all three years of middle school. We used a cross-lagged panel model to examine the bi-directional effect of online and offline behaviors over time. Results show that more time spent with peers offline was associated with more offline delinquency, and more time spent with peers online was associated with more online delinquency. Cross-domain influences were also found: more time with peers offline increased online delinquency, and vice versa. However, this adverse cross-domain influence was observed only for male adolescents, not for female adolescents. Implications for intervention programs are discussed for male and female adolescents.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.173-184
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate adolescent consumers' consumption trends to identify their tendency for conspicuous consumption. To investigate adolescent consumers' consumption factors and conspicuous propensity for consumption, mass media, peers' effects & conformity were examined. The objects of the study are 503 middle and high school students in Seoul. The data were analyzed through frequency analysis, mean, standard deviation, t-test, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis by using SPSS Win 12.0. The major results of this study are as follows: Firstly, the factors of gender, grade and allowance suggest a consumption-oriented attitude and conspicuous consumption is revealed to be the highest among female students rather than male students, and high school students rather than middle school ones. Allowance is significantly correlated with consumption-oriented attitude and conspicuous consumption. Secondly, factors that affect the propensity for the consumption-oriented attitude of adolescent consumers are mass media, peer conformity, and effects. Thirdly, the factors affecting the propensity for the conspicuous consumption of adolescent consumers are peers' effects, mass media, and peer conformity. This investigation could contribute to enhancing the understanding of adolescent consumers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.455-464
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• 2018

본 연구는 2011년 7월 4일부터 2011년 8월 24일까지 중학생들의 식행동 실태와 식행동과 학업관련 인자의 관계를 분석하고자 경기지역의 일부 중학교의 남자 중학생 295명, 여자 중학생 285명을 대상으로 설문지 조사 방법을 통하여 학업관련 인자와 식행동을 조사하여 분석하였다. 연구대상자들의 수면시간은 6~8시간 미만이 71.3%로 많았고, 학교 외 공부시간은 2~4시간 미만이 가장 많았다. 과외, 학원 공부에 대한 스트레스에서는 '거의 받지 않는다'가 가장 많았으며 남학생이 여학생 보다 스트레스를 더 많이 받고 있었다. 중학생들의 식습관 점수는 '과일을 매일 먹습니까?' '아침은 매일 규칙적으로 먹습니까?'의 점수가 높았고, '식사를 할 때는 식품 배합을 생각해서 먹습니까?의 점수가 가장 낮았다. 평균 식습관 점수는 남학생 $3.69{\pm}0.67$점 여학생은 $3.62{\pm}0.67$점으로 중간정도 수준으로 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 식습관에서 남학생들은 '우유를 매일 마십니까?, 여학생들은 '과일을 매일 먹습니까?'에서 높은 점수를 나타내었다. 중학생의 하루 평균 식사횟수는 3회하는 학생이 가장 많았고 한 끼 식사에 걸리는 시간은 10 ~ 20분 걸리는 학생이 가장 많았으며, 남학생이 여학생 보다 한 끼 식사에 걸리는 시간이 짧았다. 식사가 규칙적인편인 학생이 가장 많았으며 간식 섭취 횟수는 하루 1 ~ 2회가 가장 많았다. 학업관련인자에 따른 식행동 실태에서는 학교 외 공부시간이 2시간 이상인 학생들이 2시간 미만 공부하는 학생에 비해 식습관 점수가 높았고, 학교외 공부시간 2시간 미만인 학생이 2시간 이상 공부하는 학생에 비해 2끼를 먹는 비율이 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 수면시간이 증가할수록, 하루 평균 공부시간이 많은 학생일수록 식사를 규칙적으로 하는 비율이 증가하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 조사대상 중학생들은 대체로 적정 시간의 수면을 취하고 있었고, 전체적으로 학생들의 과외, 학원 공부에 대한 스트레스 정도는 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 식습관은 중간 이상의 점수였으며, 하루 3끼니의 식사를 하고 식사가 규칙적인 학생들이 많았다. 또한 학생들의 수면시간과 학교 외 공부시간이 식습관 점수와 식행동에 관련성을 보였다. 따라서 본 연구 대상자들의 식습관이 비교적 양호하고, 학업 관련 스트레스도 크지 않게 나타난 것은 매우 다행스럽다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 식습관이 수면시간과 학교 외 공부시간 등의 학업관련 인자와 관련성을 보였으므로, 특히 학업 부담으로 인한 학업관련 인자들의 문제를 가지고 있는 학생들에게 더 많은 관심을 가지고, 학생들이 규칙적인 식습관을 형성할 수 있도록 올바른 식행동에 대한 교육이 이루어져야 하겠다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2001

The primary method of diagnosis in craniofacial deformity patient is used by gross inspection. The study for objective analysis and evaluation in Korean maxillofacial soft tissue portions is rare and our normals have been based on Caucasian such as American. But it is difficult to apply it to ours so we studied the frontal photometric measurements for maxillofacial Korean normals. The photograph were taken with the subject sitting in head position parallel with interpupillary plane to the floor. During taking pictures, facial analyser by Obwegeser in Martin was used for correct measurements. 54 male and 57 female ages 14 to 15 years were selected from a group of 111 healthy middle school students in Inchon. 1. The vertical measurements in glabella-subnasale, subnasale-stomion and stomion-menton in the male were higher than in the female subjects in $14{\sim}15$ years old Korean, so middle and lower third face were higher than those of female(p<0.05). 2. The horizontal measurements of female was higher than those of male in the rt. and It. eye width but smaller in nose width and lip width(p<0.05). 3. There was no significant difference in gender compared with soft cheek and mention angle measurements When our reports were compared with american white population, the vertical proportions in Korean normals were similar to american and the line measurements in middle facial length, nose width and intercanthal distance were higher than those of american.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.397-407
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• 2017

This study was conducted to explore socio-demographic influences on eating behaviors among adolescents in Korea. Data were obtained from the Eleventh Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2015 KYRBS), a nationwide representative sample of 3,532,149 middle and high school students. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, t-test, and logistic regression based on complex sample design using SPSS 20.0 statistics. The results showed that intake frequency of soda, fast food, and instant noodles was higher in male than female students (P<0.001). Additionally, the frequency of eating breakfast, fruits, vegetables, and milk was higher among high school students than middle school students (P<0.001). Higher levels of economic status were associated with less skipping breakfast. Adolescents with mothers that had higher levels of education were more likely to be frequent consumers of fruits, vegetables, and milk, and to eat breakfast.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.413-422
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• 2000

This study was undertaken to investigate meal pattern, nutrition knowledge and food preference of 438 rural middle school students living in ChunNam area. As far as nutrition knowledge is concerned, most subjects did not answer correctly on the items of basic five food groups, animal fat and vegetable oil, empty source of soft drink, nutrient requirement and water's role in energy metabolism. However they responded well on the item of iron deficiency and dietary source of Ca. Male students were significantly better in the answering the items of dietary source of energy and nutrient requirement than females, while female students were significantly better on the items of water's role in energy metabolism related to obesity. Generally the respondents did neither consume oil often nor consider consumption of salty food. Furthermore, only 38.6% of subjects drink milk daily in spite of understanding dietary source of Ca, which suggested that they should incorporate nutrition knowledge into dietary behavior. The preferred foods for most subjects were fruit, kimbab and ice cream. Contrastingly the food that they did not prefer was fermented vegetable probably due to strong flavor.