• 치과방사선
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.7-18
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• 1973

The authors have taken the x-ray films of carpal bone and orthopantomographs in Korean children to research the degree of ossification of carpal bone, that of calcification of tooth in jaw bone, the eruption rate of tooth, and the completion rate of apical foramen, and have compared the bone age and tooth age. We have gained a series of intersting conclusions to dare to report. 1. The ossification of carpal bone and the growth of tooth had processed proportionally to each other. 2. Both the bone age and tooth age were earlier in the female than in the male. 3. The completion of tooth crown formation and that of tooth root formation had processed proportionally to each other, and the general tendency of process was the earliest in the mandibular first molar and the latest in the second molar. 4. The eruption of tooth was the earliest in the mandibular first molar. The other teeth had erupted in the following orders: the central incisor, the lateral incisor, the first premolar, the second premolar, the canine and the second molar.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권8호
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• pp.728-735
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• 2007

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of iron-enriched cereal supplement and nutrition education program on nutritional status and life style of children. Elementary school students(n=170) aged of 11 years old at Seoul were participated. Subjects were supplemented with iron-enriched cereal for breakfast and provided with 2 sessions of nutrition education during 3 months. Intake of carbohydrate, iron, sodium, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin C, niacin, and folic acid was significantly increased after cereal supplement. Caloric intake was similar to KDRIs during both before and after cereal supplement. There was no improvement on exercise and dietary habits after nutrition education. Male students tended to sleep later, wake up early, and ate snack less than female. Cereal supplement was effective on improving nutritional status, but short-term nutrition education had no effect on modification of life style. Thus, further studies are required to develop long-term education program effective on improving lift style and eating habits in children.

• 대한자기공명의과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한자기공명의과학회 2003년도 제8차 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.37-37
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• 2003

To assess the merits and demerits of postcontrast fat-suppressed (FS) brain MR imaging in children in the evaluation of various enhancing lesions, compared with postcontrast conventional or Magnetization Transfer (MT) imaging. 대상 및 방법： We reviewed patients with enhancing lesion on brain MR imaging who underwent both FS imaging and one of conventional or MT imaging as a postcontrast T1-weighted brain MR imaging. Inclusion criteria of our study were as follows： MR studies should be peformed within one-year interval and showed no significant interval change of imaging findings. Thirty-four patients (21 male, 13 female; mean age, 8 years) with 43 enhancing lesions (19 intra-axial, 19 extra-axial, and 5 orbital location) were included in this study, Twenty-one pairs of FS and conventional imaging, and 15 pairs of FS and MT imaging were available. Two radiologists visually assessed the lesion conspicuity and the presence of flow or susceptibility artifacts in a total of 36 pairs of MR imaging by consensus. For 21 measurable lesions (19 pairs of FS and conventional imaging, 5 pairs of FS and MR imaging), contrast ratio between the lesion and the normal brain( ［SIlesion-SIwater］/[SInormal brain-SIwater]) were calculated and compared.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제47권10호
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• pp.123-136
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine whether childbirth encouragement policy is actually helping those childbirth, and also discuss the possible directions of this policy to unfold in the future, should take. For this, We have surveyed 412 married and 437 unmarried men and women in order to investigate the individual values that influence childbirth, From these respondents and we interviewed and surveyed recipients of grants (244people), administrative officers in charge (41people), and experts (34people) to investigate their social view on the Korean government's impact. The results of this study are as follows: Firstly, most of the people (unmarried 70.3%, married 69.1%) surveyed said that important life objectives for them. Secondly, most of the people(male 44.4%, female 73.8%) surveyed said that once married shied away from having babies, (a) due to the finance and childcare burden is heavy of running a family while both parents are fulltime employed (b) because it is difficult to get pregnant due to health problems, and (c) foremost because having several children exacerbates their financial burden. Thirdly, grant recipients(75.4%), administrative officers in charge(65.9%), and experts(53.0%) all said that childbirth encouragement policy currently being implemented has little impact on their childbirth. Finally, it was established that the incentives to encourage childbirth is best suited for individuals that favor having many children.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2007

The purpose of this analysis is to investigate the effect of leading characters in picture books on self concept in children. For this study, we selected a total of 55 picture books, all of which were best sellers in four internet book stores. The method used for the study was based on content analysis. The results of this analysis were as follows: First, the gender of leading characters was male more often than female, and the majority of picture books were creative story books and translation books. Second, subordinate parts related to the self-concept were most frequently found in the social self-concept. Social self-concept was positively expressed through the relationship between friend and family characters in story books. Cognitive self-concept was the least. Third, when the frequency of positive and negative expressions in picture books was analyzed, the social self-concept was found to be positively expressed in the subordinate parts of relationships between friends and family. The social self-concept was negatively expressed, however, in the subordinate parts of relationship between non-significant others, and the emotional self-concept was also negatively expressed in the subordinate parts of the emotional recognition and expression. In summary. instances of cognitive self-concept and positive expression were found to be more significant than negative ones.

• 한국농촌생활과학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.99-114
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• 1993

This study is conducted to find out what differences are made on among home-environmental variables, family cohesion, adaption and communication, and to define what variables influence to communication satisfaction of adolescent children. Questionaire survey method was used. The subjects of this study were 578 male and female middle school students living in Kwangiu from July 6, 1992 to July 15, 1992. For the statistical analysis of data, frequency distribution, percentage, average, standard deviation, T-test, F-test, Pearson's correlation and regression analysis were performed. The main findings were as follows : 1) Family cohesion and adaptability variables showed significant difference according to adolescent's sea age, father's education level, income level, occupation and father's religion. 2) Communication showed significant difference according to adolescent's sex, age, father's age, education level, income level, occupation and father's religion. 3) Communication satisfaction showed significant difference about adolescent's age, father's income level. 4) Communication satisfaction showed significant difference by high level in reference to family cohesion and adaptability. 5) Communication satisfaction in reference to communication showed significant difference. 6) The most influential variable on communication satisfaction between fathers and their adolescents children was active response and marked positive influence in order family adaptability, friendly nonverbalism.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.1085-1088
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• 2006

This research is purposed to find congenital and acquired factors affected percentile of height and weight. One hundred foriy two children visited to Hamsoa oriental medical clinic in Gwangju for about one year. The majority of them complaint failure to thrive and answered questionarre examined state of sleeping, living, health and diet. The mean age of them is $8.2{\pm}3.2$ years old. The mean percentile of height is $24.8{\pm}22.4$, that of male is $20.9{\pm}20.6$ and that of female is $28.7{\pm}23.5$. The highest correlation coefficient between percentile of height and congenital factors is height of mother, it is 0.289. By regression analysis, the significant congenital factors affected percentile of height are gestational age, height of fathe andr height of mother, that of weight are gestational age, height of father and height of mother. The significant correlation coefficient between percentile of height and weight and acquired factors is health and diet items.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.21-34
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to observe change in factors over time in the first cohort of the 2018 Children and Adolescent Panel Middle School. In addition, this study attempted to examine the causal relationship and influence between variables by setting a time gap between independent and dependent variables. Methods: Frequency and descriptive statistical analyses were conducted to determine the general characteristics of the study participants. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to analyze the effects of smartphone dependence on health, sleep quality, and depression. After inputting the control variables (Model 2), the influence of the variables was identified based on the input model. Results: Smartphone dependence positively impacted depression in both male and female students and negatively impacted sleep and health. Conclusion: Smartphones are closely associated with teenagers' lives. Additionally, as adolescents experience various psychological anxieties owing to rapid physical changes, there are concerns that psychological dependence may increase, considering that adolescence is the most emotionally unstable period. Therefore, the results of this study consistently prove that smartphone dependence has a causal relationship with emotion-related variables, such as emotional stress, depression, and anxiety.

• 대한화상학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.30-33
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• 2021

Purpose: Dalgona, a kind of candy made of caramelized sugar, is a popular snack for children. Given the popularity of preparing dalgona, increasingly many patients are treated for burns sustained while preparing dalgona. We report the clinical features and dangers of burns from dalgona. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 11 inpatients and outpatients who had been treated for burns they received while preparing dalgona from March 2020 to December 2020. The data reviewed were age, sex, the severity of the burn, the size and location of the burn, the type of treatment, and the place where the injury occurred. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 3 to 19 years, and the average age was 10.2 years (2 male, 9 female). Three patients had superficial second-degree burns, while eight had deep second-degree or third-degree burns. Most of the cases were treated with a local skin flap or skin graft. All the burned lesions were on the hands and feet. In all cases, the burns occurred at home due to accidental spillage. Conclusion: Most of the patients were children and teenagers, and they had serious burns. Therefore, we report these findings to emphasize the need for public awareness of the potential for burn injuries to occur during dalgona preparation.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1107-1118
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• 2007

This study explored the consistency of bullying, victimization and aggressive victimization, the relationships between bullying, victimization and aggressive victimization and overt/relational aggression, and the relationships between bullying groups and overt/relational aggression with gender. The subjects were 4th grade children and 2 years later they were contacted again. Instruments were the Bully-Behavior Scale, the Peer-Victimization Scale and the Peer Nomination Instrument. Bullying, victimization and aggressive victimization were decreased while there were consistencies in overt and relational aggression from 4th to 6th grade. In the correlation analysis, male victims at Time 1 were negatively related to overt and relational aggression at both Time 1 and Time 2. Female bullies were positively related to relational aggression at both Time 1 and Time 2. In the cross-sectional relations of overt aggression with bullying groups, there was a gender difference. In the relational aggression with bullying groups, only bullying groups had a significant difference. In the longitudinal relations of overt aggression with bullying groups, only gender had a significant difference. Males appeared to be more overtly aggressive than females. In the relational aggression, bullying groups, gender, and the interaction between bullying groups and gender had significant differences. Female bullies were more likely to be relationally aggressive than other groups.