• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 1982

Fourteen cases of funnel deformity, 11 were male and the others female, treated over a eleven-year period, are presented. The overall results with the methods described by the authors, Wada, Shannon, Adkins and Ravitch appear to be excellent. The symmetric depression was more common In children under the age of 12 years and asymmetric one Increased after the age of 12. Six cases of abnormal cardiac auscultatory findings revealed no consistent hemodynamic abnormalities. An 21-year-old female was associated with left lung agenesis and dextroversion of the heart, and a 6-year-old boy with congenital bronchogenic cyst who underwent right upper lobectomy. EKG changes associated with the anomaly were observed in all. Pulmonary function test showed the range from normal to moderate restriction which did not Improve in only one patient after operation, but the patient did not complain any restriction In activity. Some transient complications were developed which resulted in improvement.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.89-110
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• 2012

본 연구는 앞으로 더욱 발달되어 유아교육 현장에 보급될 교사보조 인간형 로봇의 개발에 도움이 되는 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여, 유아들이 선호하는 로봇의 전체, 얼굴, 몸통, 다리 등의 모습과 활용을 위한 모습 등을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이를 위해 만4세 유아 180명을 대상으로 하였으며, 이 중 남아는 95명이고 여아는 85명이다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 유아들은 곡선을 위주로 직선이 다소 가미된 그리고 부드러운 느낌을 주는 로봇을 선호하고 자기와 비슷한 크기의 로봇을 선호한다. 둘째, 유아들은 사람과 유사하게 가슴, 허리, 엉덩이가 구분되는 몸통을 선호한다. 셋째, 유아들은 두 다리나 탱크 바퀴 형태의 다리를 선호한다. 그러나 남아는 탱크 바퀴를 더 선호하고, 여아는 두 다리를 더 선호하고 있다. 넷째, 유아들은 실제적 얼굴 모습보다 보통 또는 좀 큰 로봇다운 눈을 가진 얼굴을 선호한다. 다섯째, 유아들은 놀이와 관련된 로봇을 가장 선호하고 또 스스로 조작할 수 있는 로봇을 선호하고 있다.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2010

Pancreaticoduodenectomy is the treatment of choice for adult periampullary lesions. However there has been no studies on the clinical outcomes of pancreaticoduodenectomy in children. To evaluate the clinical outcomes, records of 13 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, from 1989 to 2009, at Seoul National University Children's Hospital were reviewed. Mean follow up period was 83 (2-204) months, the male to female ratio was 1:3.3, and the mean age was 11 (2-14) years. Ten patients underwent PPPD and 3 patients had Whipple's operation. The postoperative diagnosis included solid pseudopapillary tumor (9), cavernous hemangioma (1), pseudocyst (1), benign cyst (1), pancreatic disruption (1). Two patients developed postoperative adhesive ileus and among them one patient required operative intervention. Four patients required pancreatin supplementation due to steatorrhea and other gastrointestinal symptoms. There were no postoperative mortality during the follow up period and no evidence of recurrence in SPT patients. This study demonstrates that the pancreaticoduodenectomy procedure in children is not only feasible but also safe, with no mortality and an acceptable complication rate.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.151-157
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• 1988

저자는 대구시내에 거주하는 국민학교 6학년생 64명과 농촌지역에 거주하는 국민학교 6학년생 58명 총 122명을 대상으로 Snyder 검사, 타액완충능 검사 및 타액분비량을 측정하여 이들과 DMFT 및 DMFS index와의 상호관계를 분석해 보았던 바 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. Snyder 검사에 양성인자는 78.7%이었고, 양성인자중 현자한 자는 29.5%, 중등도인자는 30.3%, 경도인자는 18.7%이었고, 음성인자는 21.3%이었다. 2. Snyder 검사에 음성반응을 나타낸 군이 양성반응을 나타낸 군에 비해 DMFT 및 DMFS index가 현저히 낮았다(P<0.01). 3. 도시와 농촌지역 아동으로 나눈 Snyder 검사 결과 음성반응은 도시지역 아동이 73.45%, 농촌지역 아동이 84.48%이었다. 4. 자극성 타액의 분비량은 남자가 6.97$\pm$2.57, 여자가 6.34$\pm$2.45로 남자가 조금 높게 나타났으나 유의성은 없었다(P>0.05). 5. 자극성 타액분비량이 평균치 이하인 군이 평균치 이상인 군보다 월등히 높은 DMFT 및 DMFS index를 나타내었다(P<0.01). 6. 도시와 농촌지역 아동으로 구분한 타액분비량 측정결과 도시지역 아동이 약간 높았으나 유의성은 없었다(P>0.05). 7. 타액완충능은 남자가 7.65$\pm$2.19, 여자가 6.80$\pm$1.67로 남자가 유의성 있게 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 8. 타액완충능이 평균치 이하인군이 평균치 이상인 군보다 월등히 높은 DMFT 및 DMFS index를 나타내었다(P<0.01). 9. 도시와 농촌지역 아동으로 나눈 타액 완충능 검사결과 도시지역 아동이 유의성 있게 높이 나타났다. 10. 자극성 타액분비량과 타액의 완충능이 높을 경우 영구치 우식발생에 억제적인 효과가 있음을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2016

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the differences in the facial emotion recognition and discrimination ability between children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: Fifty-three children aged 7 to 11 years participated in this study. Among them, 43 were diagnosed with ADHD and 10 with ASD. The parents of the participants completed the Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist, ADHD Rating Scale and Conner's scale. The participants completed the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-fourth edition and Advanced Test of Attention (ATA), Penn Emotion Recognition Task and Penn Emotion Discrimination Task. The group differences in the facial emotion recognition and discrimination ability were analyzed by using analysis of covariance for the purpose of controlling the visual omission error index of ATA. Results: The children with ADHD showed better recognition of happy and sad faces and less false positive neutral responses than those with ASD. Also, the children with ADHD recognized emotions better than those with ASD on female faces and in extreme facial expressions, but not on male faces or in mild facial expressions. We found no differences in the facial emotion discrimination between the children with ADHD and ASD. Conclusion: Our results suggest that children with ADHD recognize facial emotions better than children with ASD, but they still have deficits. Interventions which consider their different emotion recognition and discrimination abilities are needed.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.268-277
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although it is crucial to identify those children likely to be treated in an appropriate nutrition rehabilitation programme and discharge them at the appropriate time, there is no golden standard for such identification. The current study examined the appropriateness of using Mid-Upper Arm Circumference for the identification, follow-up and discharge of malnourished children. We also assessed its discrepancy with the Weight-for-Height based diagnosis, the rate of recovery, and the discharge criteria of the children during nutrition rehabilitation. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study present findings from 156 children (aged 6-59 months) attending a supplementary feeding programme at Makadara and Jericho Health Centres, Eastern District of Nairobi, Kenya. Records of age, weight, height and mid-upper arm circumference were selected at three stages of nutrition rehabilitation: admission, follow-up and discharge. The values obtained were then used to calculate z-scores as defined by WHO Anthro while estimating different diagnostic indices. RESULTS: Mid-upper arm circumference single cut-off (< 12.5 cm) was found to exhibit high values of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio at both admission and discharge. Besides, children recorded higher rate of recovery at 86 days, an average increment of 0.98 cm at the rate of 0.14mm/day, and a weight gain of 13.49gm/day, albeit higher in female than their male counterparts. Nevertheless, children admitted on basis of low MUAC had a significantly higher MUAC gain than WH at 0.19mm/day and 0.13mm/day respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Mid-upper arm circumference can be an appropriate tool for identifying malnourished children for admission to nutrition rehabilitation programs. Our results confirm the appropriateness of this tool for monitoring recovery trends and discharging the children thereafter. In principle the tool has potential to minimize nutrition rehabilitation costs, particularly in community therapeutic centres in developing countries.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.281-292
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• 1986

Infection by hepatitis B virus is one of the major health problems of this nation. HBsAg positive rates of general population and school children were known to be as about 8 percent and 3.9 to 5.9 percent respectively. To study the incidence rate of hepatitis B infection in school children of rural area, author had examined 475 school children of relatively isolated agricultural area for baseline prevalence of hepatitis B virus serologic markers and followed up 415 school children during 10 months to determined the frequency of serologic conversion. The major results are summarized as followings: 1) Among the 278 susceptible children who were followed up, 26 had seroconversion for HBsAg or Anti-HBs. Therefore, the cumulative incidence rate during 10 months is estimated 9.4%. 2) The incidence rate of hepatitis B infection tends to increase with age (6-9yrs: 3.2%, 10-14yrs: 9.5%, 15-17yrs: 18.9%), and the incidence rate in male (13.0%) was higher than in female (5.7%). 3) The incidence rates of hepatitis B virus infection were not different statistically among three economic classes (The rates of lower, middle and higher class were 11.8%, 7.1% and 10.5%.). 4) The incidence rates of hepatitis B virus infection were not different statistically between visitors and non-visitors of clinic or hospital, dental clinic, persons received IV and not received IV, and persons with familial history and without familial history of liver diseases. Therefore all of these factors were not identified as risk factor of hepatitis B virus infection. And the transmissibility within the class of school was not recognized, too. 5) Among the 25 children who were HBsAg positive when enrolled, 15 (60%) were still HBsAg positive, who were identified as chronic carrier 15 of 415 school children were chronic carriers, then chronic carrier rate was estimated 3.6%, and there was no difference between sexes. 6) Of 38 children who had been Anti-HBs positive when enrolled, 5 (13.2%) lost Anti-HBs. Therefore, the loss rate of Anti-HBs per year is estimated to be 15.8%.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제60권11호
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• pp.359-364
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• 2017

Purpose: The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been shown to be associated with systemic inflammation in obese adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of MetS and its relation to inflammatory markers in obese Thai children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Children with history of endogenous obesity, chronic diseases, drug ingestion, and any acute illness within 2 weeks prior to enrollment were excluded. Their fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, oral glucose tolerance tests, insulin, lipid profiles, and selected inflammatory markers, including interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels, were tested. Results: In this study, 58 obese Thai children (female, 20; male, 38) with a mean body mass index z score of $5.1{\pm}2.2$ were enrolled. The prevalence of MetS and prediabetes was 31% and 17.2%, respectively. None of the children had diabetes. FBG levels, 2-hour glucose levels, and lipid profiles were not statistically different between those with and without MetS. However, obese children with MetS had higher insulin levels and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance values. Elevated hs-CRP levels were found in 69% of the cases, although it was not statistically different between the 2 groups. Conclusion: We described a substantial prevalence of MetS in Thai obese children. Regardless of MetS status, two-thirds of the obese children had elevated hs-CRP level, indicating subtle ongoing inflammatory process. This chronic inflammation feasibly predisposes them to CVD in the future, even in children without MetS.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.61-82
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to find out the general problems of school food service and to explore a way to improve it, by examining elementary school teacher's consciousness and attitude toward it that gave a big impact on children's development of food habit. For attaining the purpose, the following research questions were posed : 1) What's elementary school teacher attitude toward school food service management? 2) What's elementary school teacher attitude toward school food service effect on children? 3) What's elementary school teacher opinion about how to develop school food service? The subjects of study were 328 male or female teachers who served at elementary school in urban and rural area, including eup, myon, or farming and fishing villages, Kyonggi province. A questionnaire survey was conducted over them. The conclusions were as follows: 1) Teacher Attitude Toward School Food Service Management Concerning food service place, the subjects were more satisfied at food service room(73.3%) than at classroom(23.0%). They responded that food service room was more effective, than classroom, for food transportation, distribution and post-arrangement. Their satisfaction at food service place was significantly different. The older teachers considered personnel management and cooking room's sanitary management to be more efficient, and their age made a significant difference to their consciousness of these things. Many teachers(63.1%) thought the measures to prevent and manage group food poisoning were relatively efficient. The male teachers expressed more affirmative view on the efficiency of school food expense management and menu preparation than female teachers, and there was a significant disparity between male and female teachers. 2) Elementary School Food Service Effect School food service was thought to be very effective for physical growth(74.1%) and physical strength improvement(70.1%). Teachers at smaller school revealed more affirmative response toward school food service effect on correcting an unbalanced diet, and older teachers considered its effect on nutrition knowledge acquisition and learning outcome to be more great. Teachers at larger school put less value on its effect on table manners, and school size produced a significant difference. The number of teachers who thought school food service generally raised parent concern and support for school(36.6%) was a little more than that of teachers who didn't think so(15.2%). And the number of teachers who didn't consider its effect on improving parent food life to be good(29.3%) was slightly more than that of teachers who did. 3) School Food Service Reform Measure What's most urgently needed for better school food service management appeared to be an expansion of facilities concerned, followed by more effective food distribution and transport, cooking room's better sanitary management, more successful food poisoning prevention and management, more effective food expense management, and an increase of food service personnel in the order named. The most effective means of school food service education was found to be a creation of link system to family, followed by a development of school food service education program, a development of teaching materials, an insertion of school food service in curriculum, and teacher education in the order named.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.70-75
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• 2018

Background: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is defined as middle ear effusion without acute signs of infection. OME usually resolves spontaneously; however, persistent OME may require the insertion of a ventilation tube. This study investigated risk factors for persistent OME in children who undergo ventilation tube insertion. Methods: Children who were admitted to undergo ventilation tube insertion at Jeju National University Hospital between August 2015 and July 2016 were enrolled as the case group. Healthy children without persistent OME from August 2016 to July 2017 were enrolled as the control group. Baseline characteristics and predisposing factor data were collected using an interview questionnaire. Middle ear fluids were collected from the case group. Results: A total of 31 patients underwent ventilation tube insertion. The mean age of the case group was 4.53 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 21:10. Twenty-nine (93.5%) children attended a daycare center, and 21 (67.7%) had experience with bottle feeding. Fifteen (48.4%) children in the case group and 3 (9.7%) in the control group first attended a daycare center at <1 year of age (odds ratio=9.96; 95% confidence interval=2.44-39.70; p=0.001). No bacteria were found in middle ear fluid collected from the 31 operated children. Nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization was found in 13 (41.9%) and 17 (54.8%) children in the case and control groups, respectively. Conclusion: Earlier attendance at a daycare center was the only predisposing factor for ventilation tube insertion in our study. The aseptic nature of middle ear fluids found in children with OME highlights the efficacy of antimicrobial use.