• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.239-252
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• 1999

Selection of therapeutic modality for 114 patients with night crying was clinical1y recorded from October 1st, 1996. to Spring 1st, 1998. 1. The number of male cases was 67 (58.77%) and female cases was 47 (41.23%) and so male cases were 1.43 more than female. The patients between 7 and 12 months were 28.07% (most frequent), between 3 and 6 months were 23.68%, 1 and 3 years were 21.05%. 2. Duration of disease was for 7 days to 6 months and over, and the group within 7 days highest portion as 57.25%, between 1 and 4 weeks was 21.05%, 6 months and over was 12.28%. 3. Distribution of contributing factors was in the order of 50% of nonspecific factors, 17.54% of fall-down. 4. Distribution of complicated signs, in order of 39.47% of poor sleeping, 33.33% of easy surprizing, 16.67% of green stool, 10.53% of loose form stool. 5. Distribution of theraphic method was as follows: ⅰ) group treated with acupunture and woohwangporyonghwan(WPH) (35.09%), ⅱ) acupunture, WPH, and Gamiyangshintang(33.33%), ⅲ) acupuncture, WPH, and Hyangshapungyuisan (15.79%), 6. From the above results a remakable effct was 92.1%, of which 74.56% was excellent and 17.54% was good.

• 한국가족복지학
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.575-593
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• 2018

Online and offline are not separate worlds, especially for adolescents. Many friends in offline settings originally met each other online, but cross-domain influences have rarely been examined. This study aims to examine how much time adolescents spend with peers in online and offline settings, and how time spent with peers influences their online and offline delinquent behaviors during their middle school years. This study used data from the Korean Children & Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS). We focused on students for whom information was available from all three years of middle school. We used a cross-lagged panel model to examine the bi-directional effect of online and offline behaviors over time. Results show that more time spent with peers offline was associated with more offline delinquency, and more time spent with peers online was associated with more online delinquency. Cross-domain influences were also found: more time with peers offline increased online delinquency, and vice versa. However, this adverse cross-domain influence was observed only for male adolescents, not for female adolescents. Implications for intervention programs are discussed for male and female adolescents.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.149-168
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• 2000

The Purpose of this study was to investigate the new effective oriential medicine tretments in pediatric disease and its clinical applicability The study was composed of 1245 new patients who had been treated at the all unit in the Dong-Seo oriential Medicine Hospitial for 1 year, from 1 April 1999 to 31 March 2000, and aged between 0 and 18 years. The chief complaint was mainly categorized by oral examination on patients and their care-givers. Result 1. The numbers of children who involved in this study is total 1245: Male children are 668 and female children are 577 children. The sex rate between male and female is 1.15 to 1. 2. Most of the above patients came to the hospital at first time from diseases such as musculoskelectal disease, weakness, asthma, cough, anorexia, common cold, rhiorrhea, sweating, dyspepsia, dematitis, night terror, obesity, stomach, short stature, Besides, they also came to the hospital at first time from various diseases such as epistasxis, pyrexia. Bell's palsy, nocturia, contipation, cerebral palsy, disorder, CVA. diarrhea. stress disease, Allergic disease, Tic disorder. Visual disorder, Kawasaki disease, Pierre Robin's syndrom, hematuria, edema and so on. 3. Looking at the frequent diseases, Respiratory dis. children including asthma, cough, rhiorrhea, sweating, common cold, pyrexia covers 36%, in 399 numbers. digestive dis. children including anorexia, dyspepsia, stomach, diarrhea, constipation, indigestion covers 19%, in 211 numbers. cadiovasculary disease children including arrthymia, terror in frequency, night crying, sediation, Tic disorder covers 8%, in 85 numbers. Hepatobiliary disease children including short stature, dizziness, visual difficulty, sprain, disorder of nail covers 21%, in 238 numbers. renal disease. children including nocturia, hematuria, hemation, disorder of hair, menorrhea, cerebral palsy, edema in 44 numbers. Fatigue children covers 13%. in 143 numbers. 4. In case of respatory disease children. total number is 399 children. dematitis children are 108 numbers and asthma children are 96 numbers. These show that children seem to the best have dematitis and asththma. The age from 0 to 6 is 290 numbers, covering 73 percentage. The others are covering 27 percentage. These data demonstrate that the age from 0 to 6 age could easily get these kinds - of diseases. The 29 percent of children had these kinds of diseases in spring. The 28 percent of children had these kinds of diseases in autumn. These show that children seem to frequently have these kinds of diseases in both spring and autumn season.(inter-season) 5. In case of digestive disease, anorexia covers 39%, in 83 numbers, dyspepsia covers 28%, in 59 numbers, anorexia and dyspepsia were the lagest group in digestive disease and the age from 0 to 6 covers 59%, in 125 numbers and the other age covers 39%. According to these data, infant seems to be vulnerable to these kinds of diseases. The 24 percent of children had these kinds of diseases in spring and summer. The 33 percent of children had these kinds of diseases in winter, which means that children mostly had winter. but decreased significant in autumn. 6. In case of cadiovasculary diseases, it can be divided into two categories: night covers 73% and nervous characteristics covers 27%. The age from 0 to 6 occupies 75%, and the other age occupies 25%. These data also show that infants can easily infected with these kinds of diseases. Analyzing by the season, summer could be the most frequent season that children have these kinds of diseases. but decreased in autumn. 7. In case of hepatobiliary children, sprains covers 166 numbers, fatigue covers 32 numbers, epistasxia covers 24 members, the reasion which sprain occupyied most of % were sprain covered ages. The age from 0 to 14 covers 59% and from 15 to 18 covers 41%. In the conclusion the adolescent seems to be vulnerable to sprains. In spring 29%, insummer 31%, in autumn 23%, and in winter 28% of children got these kinds of diseases, which show that children seems to have this kinds of disease in summer season. and decreased in autumn. 8. In case of renal disease. nocturia and hematuria covers 52%(occupied overhalf). The age from 0 to 6 covers 52%(occupied overhalf). Analyzing by season, in spring increased in summer(59%), decreased in autumn(45%) Conclusion 1. The chief complant in pediatric diseases that needed an oriental medical tretment was mainly the disease that tends to take iong time and the weakness. and appeared frequency in respiratory disease : 2. The oriential medical tretment was still preferred as a way to improve the weakness by patients, rather than a way to overcome their disease. In paticular, the study shows that the oriental medical tretment should be emphasized in terms of preventing the disease 3, The new disease, which were developed with the change of human life and envir oment(just like seual disorder, short stature, obesity, dynamic disorder, examinee disease), should be in vestigated as a new field of oriental medical tretment.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.227-241
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• 2009

This study examined to find out mediating variable between ordinary stress and anxiety-depression. The subjects were 2,844 4th grade elementary school in Korea. The instruments used were questionnaires about anxiety-depression, ordinary stress, anger control ability and negative self-concept. Data were analyzed by t-test and regression. Major findings were as follows: (1) There were significant difference in parent-, appearance-, possession-related stress, anger control ability, negative self-concept and anxiety-depression according to sex. (2) Parent-, schoolwork-, peer-, appearance-related stress and anger control ability had a significant effect on the anxiety-depression. The principal finding was that anger control ability had mediating role between ordinary stress(schoolwork-, peer-, appearance-related stress) and anxiety-depression in male, one side parent-related stress and anxiety-depression in female. (3) Parent-, schoolwork-, peer-, appearance-related stress and negative self-concept had a significant effect on the anxiety-depression. The principal finding was that negative self-concept had mediating role between ordinary stress(parent-, schoolwork-, peer-, appearance-, possession-related stress) and anxiety-depression in male, one side parent-, peer-related stress and anxiety-depression in female.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.773-781
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• 2016

Purpose: This research was undertaken to study the motivational behavioral effects after watching the 'Cookbang'. Methods: Between October 23 to November 7, 2015, 420 adults over the age of 20 were surveyed in the Gyeonggi Province and Seoul. The SPSS Statistics (ver. 18.0) was used for analysis of 401 (95.5%) questionnaires, 19 were excluded on the basis of insincerity. Results: Adult male to female ratio was 150 males (37.4%) and 251 females (62.6%). The maximum adults were in their 20s 166 (41.4%). There were 211 single persons (52.6%). Most of the respondents were employees. Highest number of respondents (192) found Korean cooking to be an interesting field. Many adults responded that they watched the 'Cookbang' program once a week. For companionship, majority of the male and female respondents said that they 'watch alone' and 'watch with their children', respectively. Maximum number of respondents in their 20s-60s said they'watch alone'. There was a significant difference in gender and age. Conclusion: The watching motivations drawn by factor analysis were 'information', 'entertainment' and 'psychology.' Regression analysis showed that 'entertainment' had a big effect on the use of restaurants, the selection of groceries, the desire for gourmet restaurant visit, and the selection of restaurants, whereas 'information' had the biggest effect on nutrition and health care.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.339-348
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• 2006

The present paper described the relationship between dental anxiety and main colors of elementary student's drawing of dentists. This paper is based on the survey with 555 samples were chosen from a first, second and third grade students of the elementary school located in Chilgok-gun Gyeongsangbuk-do. During the survey, students were asked to picture a dentist by using 12 colors crayon randomly. And the survey result was summarized in three categories. Those are the main color(most frequently used color) distribution in the children's drawings, ratio differences of the main color in terms of gender and the anxiety score for the each color. 1. The order of main colors was blue, white, green, gray, yellow, purple, ocher yellow, orange, pink, red, black and brown from the top to bottom. 2. The main colors distribution in terms of gender, male mostly used green and black compare to female, and female mostly used pink, yellow and white compare to male(p<0.01). 3. The order of the anxiety score for main colors is black, brown, red, yellow, pink, orange, green, white, gray, blue, purple and ocher yellow form the top to bottom(p<0.01).

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.525-534
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• 2013

Objectives : This study aimed to improve school health program by investigation of several variables through educational diagnostic factors which influence the level of subjective oral health perception and DMFT of students on the basis of PRECEDE model. Methods : A total of 286 high school students in Busan completed the self-reported questionnaire from September 3 to 28 in 2012. Results : 1. Social and epidemiologic diagnosis suggested that the level of subjective oral health perception of male students was not better than that of female students and DMFT number of the male was more than that of the female(p<0.001)(p<0.001). 2. Oral health diagnosis indicated that once a day tooth brushing group showed lower level of oral health perception(p<0.001) and high DMFT number(p<0.001). 3. Predisposing factor of educational diagnosis implied that more than 4 times a day snack intake group and sweet diet and soda friendly group showed lower level of oral health perception and high DMFT number(p<0.001). 4. Tooth brushing of the reinforcing factors had the most important effect on the level of oral health perception and the number of dental caries. Daily snack intake was the most important effect on DMFT number. Conclusions : The informed consent from each family was the important factor in implementing PRECEDE model. School health program improved oral health care. Oral health program can correct the risk oral health behavior in children and adolescents.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.137-151
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• 1989

To help arrive at a more accurate diagnosis of anteroposterior apial base relationship on each individual case, it is important to compare the interpretation in the same population on a longitudinal basis. The author studied on the changes of the anteroposterior apical base relationship using serial lateral cephalometric roentgenograms of 15 boys and 27 girls aged from 6 to 13 years of Korean children. Following results were obtained 1. Norms of Korean boys and girls were established. 2. With ages, there was a gradual decrease of ANB, AXB angle, and there was a gradual increase of facial angle, A-B plane angle, APDI. 3. Wits appraisal does not change significantly with ages. 4. No significant differences were observed in the changes between male and female subjects for all absolute values between the ages of 6 years and 12 years, but significant differences were observed in ANB, AXB, A-B plane angle of the age of 13 years. No significant differences were observed in the changes between male and female subjects for all incremental values between the ages of 6 years and 13 years.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual state of and the factors in relation to drinking and smoking of elementary school. The subject for this study consisted of 604 students of six elementary schools located in Pusan. The data were collected by using a anonymous questionnaire during the period from Nov. 1, 1998 to Nov. 15, 1998. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. The rate of drinking of the whole respondents was 20.7% (male 25.4%, female 15.6%), the rate of smoking was 8.1%(male 11.7%, female 4.2%). The user of drink and cigarets together showed 5.6%. 2. The school year of the first drinking and smoking was most at the 5th grade in elementary school(drinking 24.8%, smoking 20.4%). The motivation of beginning drinking and smoking was curiosity for the most part(32.0%, 61.2%). As to a way to get drink and cigarets, using a thing in the house' was most(82.2%). As to a used place, their own home or their friends' home showed 32.2% for the most part. Companion was mostly alone(84.0%). 3. Those who had experience of drinking and smoking took more positive attitude toward drinker and smoker, were more hospitable to exhortation to drinking and smoking, and were more positive about the late intention of drinking and smoking, but his desire for health education was lower than not. And he showed overlooking or keeping step with his friend's drinking and smoking. 4. In the results so far investigated difference of drinking and smoking according to a general tendency of respondents. The experience of drinking was related to sex distinction (P=0.003) and the marital status of parents (P=0.001). And the experience of smoking had relation to sex distinction(P=0.001), the marital status of parents(P=0.001), the parent's attitude of bring up(P=0.020) and making use of leisure (P=0.029)(P<.05).

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.131-135
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• 2010

Purpose : The aim of this study was to investigate the timing and sequence of eruption of permanent canine and premolars, and to evaluate tooth calcification stage on emergence in Korean children. Materials and Methods : The sample was comprised of 1,266 children (male 720, female 546) aged from 7-13 years. Tooth eruption and calcification stages were determined through oral and panoramic radiographic examination, respectively. Probit analysis was used to calculate the timing of tooth eruption and tooth calcification stage from these cross-sectional data. Results : In both males and females, eruption occurred around the time when one third of tooth root or more was formed. The sequence was as follows: first premolar, canine, and second premolar in maxilla, and canine, first premolar and second premolar in mandible. Tooth eruption occurred earlier in girls compared with boys, averaging 0.63 years. Conclusions : Eruption sequence is identical in males and females with a trend for females to erupt earlier than males. Tooth eruption becomes earlier over the past decades in Korean children.