• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.377-386
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• 2016

본 연구는 음정제시 유무에 따른 노인과 성인의 음역대를 비교하고자 실시되었다. 연구 대상은 서울 및 광주시 소재의 노인복지회관과 경로당을 이용하는 만 60세 이상 85세 이하 노인 44명과 만 19세 이상 25세 이하 대학생 59명으로 총 103명이었다. 대상자는 먼저 음정을 듣지 않고 기본 발성 음도에서 점차 높은 음과 낮은 음을 발성하였고 이후 음정을 들으면서 동일하게 발성하도록 유도되었다. 연구결과, 음정제시 없이 발성 시 남성의 경우 노인이 성인에 비해 최저음의 음도가 상대적으로 높았으며 여성의 경우 노인이 최고음과 최저음도가 모두 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 음정을 제시하는 조건에서 성인은 음정을 들을 때 최저음과 최고음이 더 확장되어 발성하였으나, 노인의 경우 의미 있는 차이가 발견되지 않았다. 본 연구 결과 제시된 음역대는 추후 노인 대상 노래부르기 활동 시 음역대 선택에 있어 적용 가능한 기초자료가 될 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.185-199
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• 1999

The purpose of the present study was to investigate craniofacial patterns in Korean male and female adults, and to compare morphologic differences between different facial types. In order to get configurational groupings, standardized lateral and P-A cephalograms of 174 Korean adults were measured and analyzed with seven angular, nineteen linear, four ratio, and two index measurements. Ward's minimum variance cluster analysis was employed to divide the sample into groups having similar craniofacial morphology, and thereafter, inductive statistics(t-test) was used to characterize morphologic differences of the divided groups. And also, Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to assess correlation between the cranial dimensions and upper/lower anterior facial height(UAFH, LAFH) in each facial types for both male and female The results were as follows; 1. There existed sexual dimorphism in most of variables except SN-FH angle, palatal plane angle, facial axis angle, facial index, lower anterior facial height ratio and upper facial height ratio. 2. A brachycephalic headform ($0.84{\pm}0.05$) with leptoprosopic facial form ($0.92{\pm}0.05$) was appeared in male, and a mesocephalic headform ($0.86{\pm}0.06$) with leptoprosopic facial form ($0.92{\pm}0.04$) was exhibited in female. 3. Facial types in both male and female subjects were divided into two groups, Group A (mesoprosopic facial type) and Group B (leptoprosopic facial type). The morphologic differences between Group A and Group B were as follows: a. Cranial measurements including index, angular and linear measurements were not found to be different between Group A and Group B in both sexes. b. Increased UAFH, LAFH, and upper/lower anterior dental heights were exhibited in Group Bs of both male and female. c. In both male and female, ramus height and mandible length showed no difference between Group A and Group B. However, genial angle was found to be larger in Group B than Group A. Therefore, the morphologic differences between two groups in male and female were closely related to less favorable anatomic morphology of the mandible. 4. LAFH and UAFH showed no relationships with cranial dimensions in male and female.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.458-471
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• 1994

To evaluate the periodontal status of Korean adults, 3,988 adults(20-69 years old) who lived in Kwangju, Chonnam, Taegu, and Kyungbuk districts were periodontally examined by plaque index(PI), calculus index(CI), gingival index(GI), periodontal disease index (PDI), and papillary bleeding index(PBI). The periodontal examination charts were grouped according to age and sex. And subsequently 200 periodontal examination charts in each age group were randomly selected according to sex. The differences of the indices among age groups and those between male and female in each age group were statistically analyzed by Chi-Square test. In PI, CI, GI, PDI, and PBI, there was no statistical significance in the difference between male and female in each age group(p>0.05). In male, PI of 60s age group($1.44{\pm}0.68$) was significantly higher than that of any age group(p<0.05), and in female PI of 20s age group($0.86{\pm}0.39$) was significantly lower than that of any other age group(p<0.05). CI of 60s age group in both male($1.67{\pm}0.70$) and female($1.63{\pm}0.91$) was significantly higher than that of any age group(p<0.05). GI of 20s age group in both male($0.85{\pm}0.66$) and female($0.67{\pm}0.60$) was significantly lower and GI of 60s age group in both male($1.37{\pm}0.60$) and female($1.44{\pm}0.84$) was higher than that of any age group(p<0.05). PDI in male was the lowest in 20s age group($0.70{\pm}0.73$), and was the highest in 60s age group($4.93{\pm}1.96$) (p<0.05). In female PDI of 20s age group($0.71{\pm}0.74$) was significantly lower than that of any age group(p<0.05). In male PBI of 20s age group($0.38{\pm}0.31$) was significantly lower than that of any age group(p<0.001). PBI in female was the lowest in 20s age group($0.35{\pm}0.30$) (p<0.001), and was the highest in 60s age group($1.09{\pm}0.76$) (p<0.05). The data insist that all the young populations of 20s age group should be interested in routine check for early diagnosis and prevention of periodontal disease, and a special education program of periodontal health care for young generation must be prepared, and the periodic recall check system for periodontal examination of middle age group must be supported by government.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.429-437
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• 2011

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to describe the prevalence of low weight and to investigate related factors contributing to low weight in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: From the database of the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES-IV), the researchers selected 2,964 older adults aged over 65. The original study was a population-based epidemiological survey of health and nutrition with a stratified multistage clustered probability design. Data were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$-test and multiple logistic regression with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. Results: The prevalence of low weight in older adults was 4.7%. The prevalence of low weight was different according to demographic characteristics. That is, the rate was higher in male elders, older ones, and rural residents. In the cases of current smoking, frequent alcohol consumption and no chronic disease, the prevalence of low weight was higher. Age, gender, area of residence, and current smoking were found to be contributing factors to low weight in community-dwelling older adults. Conclusion: The result of this study provides important insights into possible reasons for low weight in community- dwelling older adults and suggests that low weight should be considered in promoting older adults' health.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.170-183
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• 2022

Purpose: This descriptive survey-based study aimed to identify the factors associated with obese adults' quality of life (QOL) using a secondary analysis of data collected through the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019). Methods: In this study, factors affecting the health-related quality of life of obese adults were analyzed by categorizing them into three independent variables: general characteristics, health behaviors, and mental health characteristics. Using t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA), an analysis was performed to determine the differences in obese adults' QOL depending on their general characteristics, health behaviors, and mental health conditions. A hierarchical regression analysis was performed to identify the factors that affect obese adults' QOL. Results: In obese adults' general characteristics, the risk factors for QOL were older age, male, lower-income level, presence of spouse, and occupation. With regard to health behaviors, the risk factors were lack of exercise. In terms of mental health conditions, the risk factors were stress and suicidal ideation. Conclusion: Obese adults' QOL was affected by age, sex, income level, absence/presence of a spouse, occupation, health behaviors (e.g., exercise), and mental health conditions (e.g., stress and suicidal ideation).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the choline intake of Korean adults for the purpose of preparing a basal data required for the establishment of choline adequate intake (AI). The subjects of 56 Korean young adults were recruited from college students of 20 to 30 years old in Daejeon city. The aliquots of foods that the subjects ate for one day were collected with use of duplicate food collection method and choline content of one day meal directly was analyzed with the use of enzymatic method. Choline intakes of male subjects were in the range of 353.5∼1222.5 mg and those of female subjects were in the range of 213.1 ∼ 722.3 mg. Mean intakes of choline were 658.2 $\pm$ 243.9 mg/day in male subjects and 423.3 $\pm$ 133.6 mg/day in female, therefore choline intake of men was about 200mg higher than that of women. Median value in total subjects was 496 mg, male's median was 608.8 mg, female's median was 419.9 mg. When the subjects were devided into 4 groups by choline intake, as less than 75%, 75∼100%, 100∼125% and over 125% based on choline AI of USA (males: 550 mg, females: 425 mg), there was no significant difference between men (64.3%) and wemen (67.9%) in the distribution of the subjects whose choline intake is under the range of 75∼125% AI of USA. However, 10.7% of men and 21.4% of female had choline intake less than 75% AI of USA while the cases of choline intake higher than 125% AI were 25% in male and 10.7% in female. Thus, it is assumed that female case in choline-deficient state would be two times more than male. When adjusted by body weight, choline intake was 9.5 $\pm$ 3.4 mg/kg in men,8.1 $\pm$ 3.1 mg/kg in women and 8.8 $\pm$ 3,3 mg/kg in total subjects. And choline intake per 1,000 kcal of men, women and total subjects were 277.1 $\pm$ 78.4 mg, 275.9 $\pm$ 62.1 mg and 276.5 $\pm$ 70.1 mg respectively. From these results, it is suggested that these levels of 276.5 $\pm$ 70.1 mg/ 1,000 kcal or 8.8 $\pm$ 3.3 mg/kg B.W. can be used as a reference value for the establishment of AI of choline for Korean, because overall choline intake of these subjects was not in lower state compared to other nutrients intakes obtained from calculation of the food the subjects had taken.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.193-205
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• 2014

본 연구에서 국민건강영양조사 데이터를 활용하여 우리나라 성인에서 성별 영양표시의 활용 정도에 따른 식습관, 생활 습관 및 식사 섭취 상태에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 영양표시를 읽지 않고, 영양표시의 영향을 받지 않는 성인의 경우 음주 빈도가 높거나 (남성), 라면의 섭취 빈도는 높은 반면 우유, 요구르트, 두유와 같은 바람직한 식품의 섭취 빈도는 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 영양표시를 활용하지 않는 대상자에서 비타민 $B_2$, 비타민 C 및 칼슘과 같은 미량영양소 섭취의 질이 낮게 나타난 의미있는 결과를 도출하였다. 이와 같은 결과는 영양표시의 이용 및 영향 여부와 같은 적절한 식태도가 영양소 섭취의 질 및 식품 선택에도 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 제안할 수 있는 근거자료가 될 수 있으며, 향후 영양표시 이용에 대한 세분화된 영양교육시 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to compare muscle structure, balance, and gait parameters between healthy adults and persons with stroke and to analyze the correlation among these variables. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twenty persons with stroke (11 male, 9 female) and twenty healthy participants (9 male, 11 female) were included. Ultrasound images of the triceps surae and the tibialis anterior were acquired in sitting resting, sitting co-contraction, and standing resting positions and also during the functional reach test (FRT) and single leg anterior reaching test (SLART). Muscle thickness and fascicle length were measured. Spatiotemporal parameters of gait were measured using a pressure walkway. Gait speed, cadence, step length, stride length, stance time, and swing time were measured. Results: Changes in percent fascicle length were significantly greater in the gastrocnemius and soleus (SOL) muscles of healthy adults in the sitting co-contraction position (p<0.05). The percent fascicle length of the SOL in FRT and SLART were significantly greater in healthy adults (p<0.05). The mid-stance phase of stroke patients was shorter than healthy adults (p<0.05). A negative correlation was observed between percent fascicle length of the SOL in the sitting co-contraction position and the proportion of the mid-stance phase (p<0.05). Conclusions: The function of the triceps surae is affected in persons with stroke when compared with healthy adults. This can lead to difficulty in performing tasks that involve forward transfer of weight. If the triceps surae is not sufficiently secured, the possibility of compensation in the stance phase increases during gait.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Over the past few decades, Malaysia has been experiencing an increased prevalence of overweight and obesity that threatens the health of Malaysians. Poor dietary intake is one of the major contributors to the development of obesity and many non-communicable diseases. The dietary intakes of adults in Malaysia were assessed to determine the association between the dietary intake variables and the body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) measurements. This study examined whether the dietary intake achieved the recommended nutritional guidelines and compared the intakes between both sexes. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The height, weight, and WC of four-hundred-and-ninety adults (n = 490) in Malaysia were measured using standard procedures. The three-day 24-hour dietary recalls were conducted on 422 out of the 490 adults and their dietary intakes were evaluated in detail. The selected dietary intake variables were used to determine the associations with the obesity indicators. RESULTS: Among the participants, 52.8% were overweight or obese. After data analysis, the mean energy intake was 1,550 kcal/day, in which male participants had a significantly higher energy and macronutrients intake than females. Protein consumption and its percentage of energy contribution exceeded the recommended range. The consumption of fruits, vegetables, and milk and milk products were lower than the recommended number of servings for a healthy diet. The male participants consumed significantly more servings of carbohydrate-based foods, meat, and fats, oils, and sweets than females. Among the selected dietary intake variables, only the carbohydrate intake was negatively associated with the BMI (Estimate b = -0.008) and WC measurements (Estimate b = -0.019) after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSIONS: This study evaluated the dietary intakes of a sample of Malaysian adults and its association with the obesity indicators. The results highlight the need for improvements and modifications of the dietary intake of Malaysians to reduce the overweight and obesity rates.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.22-25
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to estimate daily intake of manganese in Korean adults. Manganese intake was estimated through the use of the database of manganese content in frequently consumed Korean foods after first conducting anthropometric measurement and a survey on dietary intake with 354 Korean adults. Average age, height, weight and body mass index were 54.6 years, 165.7 cm, 67.2 kg and $24.5\;kg/m^2$ in males and 53.8 years, 153.7 cm, 59.1 kg and $24.9\;kg/m^2$ in females. The daily energy intakes of subjects were 1740.1 kcal in males and 1432.6 kcal in females. Male and female subjects recorded, respectively, 5.2 mg and 4.1 mg in manganese intake indicating that the male subjects consume more manganese (p<0.001). And they posted, respectively, 3.0 mg and 2.9 mg in manganese intake per 1000 kcal of energy consumption; it turned out that there was no significant difference. Daily manganese intake of both males and females posted, respectively, 148.8% and 135.2% of the adequate intake, and 8 males and 3 females surpassed the tolerable upper intake level. It is suggested that the study for accurate determination of manganese consumption needs to be more diversified based on the database of manganese content in Korean foods.