• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.144-145
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• 2012

Make-up is the act of protecting the body and face, or a beautifully decorating by covering the shortcomings. In this paper, classification and type of makeup was newly organized to suit the present day. And the meaning of the new make-up were evaluated. Makeup helps protect skin from external changes. It gives the beauty function to hide defects of the skin and make it beautiful. Thus, it allows to have a social life actively and aggressively given the confidence to look.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.25 no.4 s.34
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• pp.97-110
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• 1999

The new stick make-up product was studied by using a gel, which is a viscous complex formed with clay minerals, vitamins A and E and fluorinated liquid polymer with a 1500 molecular weight. The gel cannot be obtained with any random combination of clay minerals and the ingredients described above. It takes the sequential manufacturing method as follows to get this kind of gel. Firstly, clay minerals and liquid polymers have to be pre-mixed in order to saturate the liquid polymers with the clay minerals. Then the on-processed gel has to be finely crystallized. The clay minerals, which are the core elements for this gel, were used as a function of Binder & Buffer and liquid polymer was mixed together for the deterioration of the surface tension of each component and to form a functional film in the gel. This liquid polymer was combined with clay minerals because it is not miscible with most oils and solvents. Waxes have a function of keeping a solid status in the stick. We reduced the usage of waxes by putting clay minerals as buffer in the proportion of 0.5:1 with oil phase. Ceramide takes care of the skin when used regularly and maintains the skin's moisture. Vitamins A and E contribute to preventing skin aging by the activation of skin cells. We could get the stable viscous gel, which has about 80% oil phase using clay minerals and liquid polymer. The crystalline structures of gel were surface-chemically-analyzed using SEM and Image Analyzer and were thermodynamically analyzed using DSC. Surface tension test and softness were done by Rheometer. In the end, these characteristics were verified by consumer panel tests in Seoul, Daegeon and Pusan in Korea and Hokkaido, Osaka and Miyazaki in Japan with correlation to the climate.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.97-110
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• 1999

The new stick make-up product was studied by using a gel, which is a viscous complex formed with clay minerals, vitamins A and I and fluorinated liquid polymer with a 1500 molecular weight. The gel cannot be obtained with any random combination of clay minerals and the ingredients described above. It takes the sequential manufacturing method as follows to get this kind of gel. Firstly, clay minerals and liquid polymers have ·to be pre-mixed in order to saturate the liquid polymers with the clay minerals. Then tile on-processed gel has to be finely crystallized. The clay minerals, which are the core elements for this gel, were used as a function of Binder & Buffer and liquid polymer was mixed together for the deterioration of the surface tension of each component and to from a functional film in the gel. This liquid polymer was combined with clay minerals because it is not miscible with most oils and solvents. Waxes have a function of keeping a solid status in the stick. We reduced the usage of waxes by putting clay minerals as buffer in the proportion of 0.5 : 1 with oil phase. Ceramide takes care of the skin when used regularly and maintains the skin’s moisture. Vitamins A and I contribute to preventing skin’aging by the activation of skin cells. We could get the stable viscous gel, which has about 80% oil phase using clay minerals and liquid polymer, The crystal 1 me structures of gel were surface-chemical1y-analyzed using SEM and Image Analyzer and were thermodynamically analyzed using DSC, Surface tension test and softness were done by Rheometer. In the end, these characteristics were verified by consumer panel tests in Seoul, Baegeon and Pusan in Korea and Hokkaido, Oska and Miyazaki in Japan with correlation to the climate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.5 no.1 s.12
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• pp.56-70
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• 2007

Shade cosmetics that were considered to be women's exclusive possession, are now expanding its market to men and teenagers. As a result, development of subdivided shade cosmetics is becoming active. In these market environments consumers demand various personalized desires through beauty care, therefore enterprises have to establish marketing strategies to meet these desires. Accordingly this study aimed to provide information actually needed in cosmetics development by researching shade cosmetics in subdivision according to items and basic data that will be helpful in establishing marketing strategies of shade cosmetics. The survey was conducted among adult females with age of 20 to 26, living in Seoul and several local cities. 387 survey papers were used in the analysis among 500 survey papers distributed. The results were summarized as following. First of all, many women were doing overall makeup generally. The younger they tended to do partial makeup more and the older they tended to do overall makeup more according to the analysis on actual conditions of using shade cosmetics. Many women got information related to shade cosmetics from friends or family. This is an example of the fact that shows collecting information from human relationship such as friends and family played an important role and surrounding environment can be a factor that can have impact on purchasing behavior. Purpose of makeup was mostly to show courtesy and the younger they tend to answer that they do makeup to look beautiful. The order of the most frequently used shade makeup was makeup base>foundation>two way cake. The most important focusing point in shade makeup was the eye. In choosing colors they chose their favorites colors most frequently.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.1 s.49
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• pp.79-83
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• 2005

The important elements influencing on the quality of make-up cosmetics are not only the ingredients themselves but also the cosmetic tool that delivers the ingredients. But sensory analysis by a has been used on a number of occasion. Therefore it is not reliable to apply the data to other products and not easy to identify the elements influencing the qualities of cosmetics. So we Intend to understand the elements influencing the quality of cosmetics and prepare the foundation by introducing objective measurement method. In this study, we fix the loose powder and make new loose powder puff. So we can accomplish objective measurement.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.177-189
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• 2011

Women starts to make up after high school graduation. They have low economic power. But they select cosmetics by themselves and have high demand. Therefore, they can be major customers of low-priced cosmetics and it can be regarded as independent cosmetics market. Thus, this study analyzes the purchasing propensity of lowpriced cosmetics in female undergraduates, who are main targets of low-priced cosmetics, satisfies the more customers desire through further segmenting the targets, suggests a continuous developmental plan for low-priced cosmetics through securing potential customers and segmenting market, and analyzes and typologizes female undergraduates lifestyle. The aim is to grasp the actual condition of using the low-priced cosmetics and the satisfaction with purchase, and to utilize it as basic date of inducing right consumption culture of female undergraduates. For this study, 305 reliable questionnaires are analyzed from the total 320 questionnaires and spss win 15.0 program was used. The results were as follows. About 90.1 percent of female undergraduates had experience using low-priced cosmetics and standard of priority selection was the quality of low-priced cosmetics. The main reason not to use was low price image.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.263-269
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• 2004

This study was conducted with the aim of providing the basic data for an informative and educational program designed to give a guideline how to keep and care the skin healthy and proper. Female freshmen, enrolled in colleges in Jeonbuk provincial area, were surveyed about their status of health and way of skin care and make-up. The results of research were summarized as follows: First, 268 students(65.4%) were 19 years old or younger. Among the respondents, 219 persons(54.4%) lived in small or medium cities and 271(66.1%) showed less than 20 of body mass index($kg/m^{2}$). Second, there were statistically significant correlations between dwelling place, drinking habit(p<0.05), and subjective health status(p<0.05) with health, skin care and make-up habit. Third, drinking, subjective health status appeared to be significant variables affecting facial skin(p<0.05) and health status(p<0.01), respectively. Forth, smoking and regular meal seemed to affect the length of make-up(p<.05) and smoking esd strongly connected with the extent of make-up. The way of thinking about cosmetics were affected by the habits of drinking(p<0.05) and smoking(p<0.01), respectively. Drinking habit was the significant variable of health affecting on the belief in the effect of cosmetics. Fifth, skin health was negatively correlated with drinking and smoking habits and positively with subjective health status, BMI($kg/m^{2}$) and frequency of make-up. Sixth, healthier state of facial skin appeared to be happened with statistical significance(p<0.01) in rural areas than in urban areas and with a person of higher than 20 of BMI($kg/m^{2}$) than of less than 20 from the regression analysis. It has been estimated that there were meaningful correlations between the status of health and make-up among female freshmen. Accordingly, the concept of health reinforcement can be adopted to skin care and skin maintenance, so various and comprehensive approaching methods were required to improve and reinforce the skin management and cosmetic culture.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.127-139
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is (1) to investigate how women's visual images in cosmetic magazine advertisements have changed over time and (2) to examine whether women's images in advertisements have changed in regards to the symbolic ambiguity of dress and appearance styles according to the time period. Social identity theory was used as the theoretical framework to understand the change of gender identity and physical appearance. The two magazines of Vogue and Working Woman were selected for the years of 1981, 1991, and 2001. The findings of the study showed that women's make-up colors portrayed in cosmetics magazine advertisements changed from artificial to natural over 20 years and messages in cosmetics magazine advertisement changed from a focus on attractiveness to a focus on skin-care and health. However, appearance styles of women in the advertisements analyzed were predominantly more feminine than masculine for the entire time period studied.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.3 s.58
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• pp.141-148
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• 2006

This study is intended to analyze the impact of PMMA on color changes comparatively by making 2 types of cheek color items with red-color pigments: one containing PMMA, which is one of the recently developed circular polymers and used when producing color make-up items that have aero powder as the chief ingredient, and the other without it. To accomplish the purpose, we have reviewed literature on raw materials that have aero powder as the chief ingredient. Also, after making compounds of PMMA and pigments lot aero powder, such as Talc, Mica, OMC Talc As, Mica As, we examined them compared to those without PMMA using spectrophotometer, a questionnaire survey, and Digital camera. Besides, the particles were analyzed using SEM. As a result of the analysis, cosmetics containing PMMA represent more vivid and rich colors, putting on one's face softly. Since the entire specific surface area of PMMA is large enough to absorb oil evenly, it yields vivid and rich colors. But, Mica, one of natural pigments, shows a result as opposed to that of Mica As, one of silicon-compounded pigments, suggesting that pearl effect may possibly causes defused reflection. Based on these findings, it is expected that cosmetics will have more vivid colors, or improved color presentation, as well as the softer sense of touch when a circular polymer of PMMa is added to the manufacturing process of color make-up items.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.93-110
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• 1997

The customs of women s riding horse was prevalent in thriving period. The face toilet was mainly used by Gau Chang pattern. Wha Jun (chinen; Hwa-Qun(화전), make-up on forehead), was influenced nearly by Gua Chang and distantly by India. Penciling eyebrows with blue was transmitted from persia. Chinese cosmetics was most influenced during Tang Dynasty for it's colorful make-up and facial decorations such as Aek-Whang(액황), Wha-Jung(화전), Jang-Yob(장엽), Swa-Hong(사홍) and those made many Dynasty, since those kinds of styles were the result of mixture between traditional chinese and western styles, it became so unique and diverse. The Declining period of the Tang Dynasty has begun from the turning point, resulting from Rebellion of An Ru Sha'. Rebellion of An Ru Sha' made the chinese people have a sense of precaution, and an antipathy against babarian. Furthermore, the power of Tang Dynasty onto the countries bordering on western china unfortunately was declining due to the defeat at 99 the Talas war in 751. As the fashion of ‘Ho’ disappeared the costume pattern was restored to the traditional Chinese style of large sleeve and broad width. However, the Tibetan mode was appeared in women's hair style and face toilet since Yuan Ha (801-812). In Song Dynasty, women's make-up and adorment were originated from Dang Dynasty, but those were more simple than in Dang Dynasty.