• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2002

The protection of silkworm and its host plants from various kinds of pests parasite and predator is a chronic problem in sericulture. Silkworms and its primary food plants are heavily damaged by large number of pest. The major pests of primary tasar food plants (Terminalia arjuna and Terminalia tomentosa) are the gall insect (Trioza fletcheri minor). Various species of aphids (Eutrichosiphum sp.) have been recorded to damage oak tasar food plants whereas muga silkworm host plants (Machilus bombycina and Litsaea polyantha) are generally attacked by stem bores (Zeuzera multistrigata). Castor (Ricinus communis) is one of the primary host plant of eri silkworm and extensive damage is caused by the castor white fly (Trialeurodes ricini). Insects pests are major enemies of silkworms. Parasites (Blepharipa zebina, Exorista bombycis, Apateles glomeratus), predators (Canthecona furcellata, Sycanus collaris, Hierodulla bipapilla), wasps (Vespa orientalix) and ants (Oecophylla smargdina) continues to cause damage to silk industry. It is estimated that the losses due to parasites and predators are to an extent of 15-20 percent and varies from crop to crop. The complexities in the behaviour and life cycle of pest population existing in semi ecosystem warrant a special attention for their effective management specially in changing scenario for our modern sericulture. Though use of synthetic insecticides has provided us with effective control of almost all major pests and predators, yet their undesirable side effects limit their continued use. Biological control is one of the most important method which can be used to control the pests, parasites and predators population in sericulture. Various potential parasitoids, which can be utilized as an agent of biological control in sericulture have been screened. The natural enemies of the uzi fly (E. bombycis and B. zebina ) are already present in the nature. Nesolynx thymus, Trichria sp., Splangia endius, Dirhinus sp., Trichopria sp., Trichomalopsis apanteloctena and Pediobius sp. are the major parasitoids effective against uzi fly pupa. The scelionid Psix striaticeps and Trissolcus sp. are the Potential egg Parasitoids against stink bug (Canthecona furcellata). Various other native natural potential parasitoids have been screened and suitable strategies have been developed to check the population of pest insect in sericulture.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제98권5호
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• pp.593-601
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• 2009

Forest disturbances including forest fire, insect pests and diseases, landslides, and forest conversion from 1976 to 2005 were investigated to trace the changes of major forest disturbance agents and their characteristics over time in accordance with changes in natural and social environment in South Korea. While the damaged area by insect pests and diseases continuously decreased for the past 30 years, damaged areas by forest fire and landslide were fluctuating through years. The interval of large forest fires has become shorter with increased tree volume. The precipitation between January and April were significantly correlated with large fire occurrences as Pearson's correlation coefficient -0.400 (P=0.029). The composition of major insect pests and diseases damaging Korean forests has been changed continuously, and become more diversified. While damages by pine caterpillar (Dendrolimus spectabilis) and pine needle gall midge (Thecodiplosis japonensis) decreased, damage by introduced pests has been more serious recently. The change of precipitation pattern that brought more localized heavy rain or powerful typhoon resulted in the recent increase in landslide areas. The major land uses to induce forest conversion have been changed, reflecting the changes in industrial structure in South Korea as agriculture and mining in 1970s, mining and golf ranges classified in pasture in 1980s, and road and housing construction in 1990s and 2000s. Changes in forest disturbance patterns in South Korea show that a country's industrial development is jointly working with global warming on forest stand dynamics. Altering energy structure and land use pattern induced by industrial development accumulates forest volume and reforms microenvironments on forest floor, interacting with climate change, inducing shorter interval of large forest fire and changes in major species composition of forest insect pests and diseases.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.203-212
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• 2017

2015년부터 2016년까지 전북지역 오디 생산용 뽕나무에서 점박이응애(Tetranychus urticae Koch)와 명주달팽이(Acusta despecta Sowerby) 2종을 포함하여 총 33종의 해충이 조사되었다. 그 가운데 뽕나무총채벌레(Pseudodendrothrips mori Niwa)를 포함한 8종이 주요 해충으로 분류되었다. 수확 전에는 총 25종이 조사되었는데, 그 가운데 뽕나무총채벌레(P. mori), 뽕나무이(Anomoneura mori Schwarz), 뽕나무깍지벌레(Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Targioni Tozzetti), 뽕나무애바구미(Baris deplanata Roelofs), 뽕나무가지나방(Menophra atrilineata Butler), 점박이응애(Tetranychus urticae Koch) 6종이 주요 해충으로 분류되었다. 수확 후에는 총 25종이 조사되었는데, 그 가운데 뽕나무총채벌레(P. mori), 뽕나무깍지벌레(P. pentagona), 뽕나무명나방(Glyphodes pyloalis Walker), 미국흰불나방(Hyphantria cunea Drury), 점박이응애(T. urticae) 5종이 주요 해충으로 분류되었다. 오디용 뽕나무에서 발생하는 해충은 조사지역에 따라 달랐으나, 뽕나무총채벌레 등 주요 해충 8종과 베짱이(Hexcacentrus unicolor Serville), 뽕나무노린재(Malcus Japonicus Ishihara et Hasegawa), 썩덩나무노린재(Halyomorpha halys Stal), 오리나무좀(Xylosandrus germanus Blandford), 나방류 4종(Bombyx mandarina Moore, Euproctis subflava Bremer, Acronicta major Bremer, Agrotis trifurca Butler) 및 명주달팽이(Acusta despecta Sowerby)는 모든 조사지역에서 발생되었다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.132-136
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• 1996

우리나라 남부지방에서 벼 이앙시기 및 시비수준과 주용해충 발생치해와의 관계를 조사한 결과, 조사해충은 모두 시비수준보다 이앙시기가 발생 피해에 더 큰 영향을 주었다. 특히 벼멸구 흰등멸구, 애멸구, 끝동매미충, 벼물기굴파리는 이앙시기가 늦을수록 발생량이 많았으나, 이화명나방, 혹명나방은 이앙시기가빠를수록 발생량도 많았고, 피해도 컸다. 그리고 끝동매미충과 이화명나방을 제외한 해충들은 이앙시기가 늦으면서 질소질비료가 많으며 발생량이 증가하는 경향이었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.200-204
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• 1991

Densities and larval food habits of Holotrichia titanis belonging to Melolonthinae, and of Anomala corpulenta and A. mfocuprea belonging to Rutelinae, collected from surroundings of ginseng fields, were investigated to determine potentia]s as ginseng pests in scarabaeids. H. titanis had similar food habit to the ginseng pests, H. morosa and H. diomphalia, although the density of H. titanis was relatively low during the period of survey, which indicates that the scarabaeid may have potentials to be a major pest with build-up or the population in the fields. However, A. corpulenta and A. rufacuprea with higher populations than H. morose and H. dicmphalia had no or low potency as ginseng pests since they had little preference to ginseng roots or did not feed on these. The latter two species in Rutelinae showed different food habits in relation to dead organic matter.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1978

필자들은 우리나라에서 발생되고 있는 콩해충 중 나방류해충을 대상으로 조사한바 총 49종이 채집 분류되었으므로 그 목록을 발표한다. 또한 그들은 가해형태별로 대별하여 콩립 및 꼬투리를 가해하는 종류, 잎을 말고 가해하는 종류, 잎을 식해하는 종류 그리고 토양에 서식하며 가해하는 종류등으로 구분하고 각 무리의 중요종들에 대하여 개략적인 생활사 및 피해상황 등을 기술하였다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2011

2005년부터 2007년까지 경남 진주, 하동지역 매실에서 25종의 해충이 조사되었다. 붉은테두리진딧물(Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale(Sasaki)), 외점애매미충(Singapora shinshana M.), 벚나무응애(Tetranychus viennensis Zacher), 복숭아유리나방(Synanthedon hector B.) 등이 주요해충 이었으며, 복숭아꽃바구미(Anthonomus persicae sp. nov.), 복숭아순나방(Grapholita molesta (Busk)), 담배거세미나방(Spodoptera litura F.), 복숭아혹진딧물(Myzus persicae) 등이 일시적으로 발생하는 해충으로 나타났다. 외점애매미충의 발생은 4월 하순부터 10월 하순까지 지속적으로 발생하였고, 벚나무응애는 5월초에 발생하기 시작하여 6월 하순에서 7월 상순사이에 정점에 도달한 후 잎의 섭식조건 악화와 더불어 밀도가 감소하였다. 복숭아유리나방은 6월 중순 뚜렷한 발생최성기를 보인 후 7월 상순부터 8월 상순사이 기간에 발생이 거의 없었다가 9월 초중순에 뚜렷한 2차 발생최성기를 보였다. 복숭아꽃바구미는 매실 개화 전 꽃눈에서 발생하였고, 그 이후 4월~5월초에 우화 성충이 관찰되었다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.141-144
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• 1997

우리나라 남부지방에서 벼 기계이앙 및 직파재배에 따른 수도 주요해충의 발생피해를 조사한 결과, 끝동매미충, 혹명나방은 기계이앙답에서 다소 많은 발생을 보였으나 벼멸구, 애멸구는 직파재배답에서 더 많은 밸생을 보였다. 그리고 이화명나방, 흰등멸구, 벼줄기굴파리는 그 차이를 인정하기 어려웠다. 조사 해충 모두 기계이앙이나 직파재배보다는 재배시기가 발생 피해에 더 큰 영향을 주었다. 벼멸구, 흰등멸구, 애멸구, 끝동매미충은 재배시기가 늦을수록 발생량이 많았으나, 이화명나방과 혹명나방은 그 시기가 빠를수록 발생피해가 컸다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.141-151
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• 2002

The success of sericulture industry in India is mainly attributed to the well-planned annual sericultural activity and the systematic implementation of pest preventive and control measures. The insect spectrum of silkworm and its food plants is complex and plays a major role in limiting the production of silk. Insects cause extensive damage to plant whereas predators and parasites either kill the silkworm larvae or force them to spin flimsy cocoons. Unilateral control measure against this pest is mainly based on the use of synthetic organic insecticides. Though these approaches initially paid rich dividends, the undesirable consequences soon surfaced. Insecticide induced resurgence of gall midges, leafhopper, leaf roller, secondary pest out breaks and development of pest biotypes has led to realization of Integrated Pest Management in sericulture. Various components of IPM, viz. Host plant resistance, cultural practices, biological control, chemical control and integrating them at various technological levels have been studied. Sources of host plant resistance have been identified for some of the major insect pests. High yielding mulberry variety has been propagated and their resistances towards major pests have been recorded. Cultural practices like pruning, pollarding, judicious use of nitrogen, optimum spacing and weed management have preyed to be the powerful tools in containing pests. Natural control over the pest population build- up exerted by the wide range of parasitoids, predators and pathogens has been well documented with identification of natural enemies and studies on their potential. Augmentation, through inoculation or inundative releases of parasitic arthropods, is the most direct way of increasing the numbers of these beneficials in sericulture.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.227-236
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• 2009

시설하우스 가지를 가해하는 주요 해충류의 발생양상과 이들의 천적을 이용한 생물적 방제에 대해 시험하였다. 총 7과 8종의 해충류가 동정되었으며, 이들 중에서 복숭아혹진딧물, 목화진딧물, 점박이응애, 꽃노랑총채벌레, 온실가루이가 시설재배지의 우점종으로 조사되었다. 진딧물류는 $5{\sim}6$월에 발생이 많았으나 7월 이후부터 급격히 감소하였다. 꽃노랑총채벌레는 $6{\sim}7$월에, 점박이응애와 온실가루이는 $7{\sim}9$월에 발생밀도가 높았다. 이들 해충에 대해 천적을 이용한 생물적 방제로서, 칠성풀잠자리붙이 알을 2회 방사하였을 경우 진딧물류는 $87{\sim}97%$, 애꽃노린재 성충을 3회 방사하였을 경우 꽃노랑총채벌레와 점박이응애는 각각 $76{\sim}90,\;87{\sim}91%$의 방제효과를 얻었다. 시설가지 재배기간인 $5{\sim}9$월까지 진딧물류, 점박이응애 및 음노랑총채벌레 방제를 위하여 약제처리를 3회 실시한 것은 천적인 칠성풀잠자리붙이 알을 2회, 애꽃노린재 성충을 3회 방사한 결과와 방제가가 유사하였다.