• 유통과학연구
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.45-59
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• 2018

Purpose - This paper aims to analyze the distinct pattern of clustering of imported automobile distributors and provide evidence for the phenomenon using Korean data. Research design, data, and methodology - In this paper, we use data from Korea Automobile Importers & Distributors Association of 23 foreign automobile brands to evaluate the degree of concentration of showrooms using locational Gini index. We identify possible causes for the high level of clustering from two perspectives; 1) on the distributors' side and 2) on the customers' side. Results - We find a very strong locational concentration of imported automobile showrooms within close vicinity in the major cities and districts in Korea. Locational Gini coefficients are 0.1024 at the national level, 0.1836~0.3763 at city level, and 0.3941~0.4311 at district level on a [0,0.5] scale. Conclusions - Luxury foreign automobile customers tend to shop extensively around multiple brands prior to their ideal model selection. Accordingly, the imported automobile distributors cluster together close to their direct competitors in order to give a good comparison opportunity for the potential customers. This will maximize the probability of the visits of potential customers and lead to successful sales performance.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.1546-1557
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• 2010

This study analyzes the status of foreign direct investment in Korean textiles and fashion firms and investigates the factors determining their performance. A total of 1,251 cases (including 1,116 manufacturers and 135 of distributors from the 2009/2010 Korean Overseas Business Directory published by KOTRA) were used. The results of this study are as follow: 1) In the case of manufacturers, China was the most heavily invested in country, and the Asian region that included China, Vietnam, Indonesia and Bangladesh consisted of 80% total investment. In cases of distributors, China was also the first ranking country and other countries, that included Vietnam, United States, and Japan are major ones. 2) In terms of the foreign entry mode, wholly-owned subsidiaries represented 90% of total cases. As the index of the degree of localization, the ratio of local employees was very high. 3) Different countries were utilized by year, type of business, and area of process. In manufacturers, Indonesia, China, and Vietnam were the most heavily utilized countries in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, respectively. For distributors, China was the major market ill the 1980s and 1990s but Vietnam has emerged as the biggest market in the 2000s. In terms of area of process, China was for manufacturing fibers and fabrics, Vietnam was for most items, Indonesia was for assembly, knit, accessories, and Bangladesh was for embroidery and accessories. 4) The determining factors of the age of foreign business as the proxy index and performance of foreign business entry, were different by the type of business. For manufacturers, four factors including the dollar amount of investment, number of local employees, the mode of foreign direct investment, and entry to China were significant. On the other hand, only two factors including the dollar amount of investment and entry (other than China) were significant distributors.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.107-125
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• 2009

Research on culture has been widespread across social science researches. But there has not been any cultural research in the fisheries industry. This study tried to identify whether the culture of the fishery organization had a convergent or divergent characteristic. To do so, fishery distributors and wholesalers, who affiliated with their professional associations or wholesale seafood markets, were surveyed across supplying and consuming areas(Busan and Seoul). If fishery organizations have always been culture-bound, rather than culture free, then their members show the divergent characteristic of culture. Despite a similarity in tasks, size and market segments, if this fact is proved, fishery distributors and wholesalers in different areas will differ in many of their managerial practices such as marketing policies, communication patterns, motivation techniques, etc. And it is expected that national and industrial cultures are major determinants of their behaviors. Depending on the results of this study, fishery distributors and wholesalers had a divergent characteristic. So, it was concluded that fishery distributors and wholesalers of wholesale seafood markets in supplying area were different from those in consuming area. It was found that this difference was attributed to individualism/collectivism and masculinity/femininity dimensions. In individualism/collectivism dimension, fishery distributors and wholesalers of consuming area were stronger than those of supplying area. That is, fishery distributors and wholesalers of consuming area were more collective than those of supplying area. But in masculinity/femininity dimension, fishery distributors and wholesalers of supplying area were stronger than those of consuming area. And the divergent characteristic was moderated by demographic variables (gender, age, education level, career). Especially, masculinity/femininity dimension was more moderated by demographic variables than individualism/ collectivism dimension.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.96-105
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• 2016

본 연구는 2004년 1월 1일부터 2013년 12월 31일까지 국내 개봉된 미국 제외 외국 영화 총 500편을 대상으로 흥행에 성공한 영화들의 특성별로 흥행성과에 차이가 있는지, 흥행성과에 차이가 있다면 이를 결정하는 요인은 무엇인가를 살펴보았다. 주요 연구 결과들은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 국내 개봉 미국 제외 외국 영화들의 흥행성과는 국적을 포함해 장르와 배급사별로 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 개봉시기와 영화 등급별로는 흥행성과에 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 국내 개봉 미국 제외 외국 영화 흥행성과를 결정하는 요인을 국적별로 살펴본 결과, 우선 중국 영화는 영화 흥행에 영향을 미치는 요인이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 일본 영화는 애니메이션 장르와 배급사 요인 등 2개의 요인이 정적으로 드라마 장르는 부적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 유럽 영화는 액션 장르와 배급사 요인은 정적으로 드라마 장르는 부적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이들을 제외한 기타의 국가들 경우 애니메이션 장르만이 흥행에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.151-169
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• 2007

By the environment-friendly(hereafter EF) agricultural policy and toward the safety food of consumers, there is much glowing supply and demand fur EF agricultural products, in Korea. But, in general, EF agricultural products are blown as unique, unreasonable and high price system. This study aims to make clare the main bodies and competition structure in EF agricultural products and the different from the agricultural products. The mail results of this study are summarized as follows. Firstly, farmers and consumers directly participate in the distribution, and the major distributors participate in the market of EF agricultural products after the certification system is got ready. Because EF agricultural products is not dealt and the price system is not built up in agricultural wholesale market. Secondly, the distribution route of EF agricultural products is organized the unified organization by the main bodies such as farmers, consumers co-op, and special distributors. In any step of distribution, the main body of distribution surely deals with the contracted farmers, consumers co-op, and special distributors. Accordingly, it is said that EF agricultural products has the competition structure between the distribution route organized the unified organization rather than between main bodies in the each steps of distribution.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제39권
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• pp.355-384
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• 2007

이 연구는 한국 영화의 일본 수출이 급격하게 증가한 지난 2002년부터 2006년까지 한국 영화 개봉작 436편을 대상으로 장르와 한류 스타 출연 여부, 메이저 배급 여부, 국내 관객수 등에 따른 일본 수출 성과를 살펴보고자 했다. 우선 장르 면에서는 멜로 영화의 수출 비중이 가장 높아서, 코믹 영화를 즐겨보고, 멜로 영화에 대한 선호도는 다소 저조한 한국 관객과의 차이를 보여준다. 또한, 한류 스타가 출연한 영화 비중은 전체 개봉작의 14%에 지나지 않았으나, 한류 스타가 출연한 영화의 일본 수출 비중은 비한류 스타 출연작에 비해 월등히 높은 것으로 나타나, 일본 수출에 있어 한류 스타의 중요성을 입증해주고 있다. 뿐만 아니라, 메이저 배급 여부와 국내 개봉 성과 또한 일본 수출과 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 나타냄으로써, 배급사의 브랜드 파워와 개별 영화의 1차 시장 성적이 후속 시장에 영향을 주고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.335-349
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• 2015

The system of School Meal Service Support Centers was established to support the supply of high-quality food ingredients for school meal services when the School Meal Service Act was amended in 2006. A case study was conducted to examine the operating effects, success factors, and major obstacles of a School Meal Service Support Center which was highly evaluated for its operational efficiency and customer satisfaction. Qualitative data were collected from eight stakeholders (two individuals each from the center, farms, schools, and distributors) through in-depth interviews in July 2013 and analyzed by using the thematic analysis method. The successful operation of the center helped to stabilize income and price among the stakeholders, increase ingredient quality, increase school meal reliability, reduce costs, and promote the consumption of agricultural products. Success factors were identified as the center director's commitment and insights, and the competitive operating system including fair operations, rational pricing, liberal consumer choice, total quality management, and partnerships with distributors. Major obstacles included a lack of diversity in supplied ingredients and a lack of administrative and financial support form the local government. The results can be used as baseline information to vitalize the system of School Meal Service Support Centers and increase the quality of school meal services.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.211-231
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• 2011

상업론의 전통을 이어받은 일본 마케팅학계의 선구자들은 과점(寡占)메이커가 구축한 유통계열화에 대해 중소상인을 배급자로 전락시킨다고 하여 비판적이었고, 멀지 않은 장래에 붕괴될 것으로 예견했다. 한편 이러한 규범론적 연구그룹에 대해 거의 모든 소비재업계에 보편적으로 존재하는 유통계열화야 말로 미국식 마케팅 전략의 진수라고 평가하는 실증주의 연구그룹도 존재했다. 일본의 유통경로연구는 이러한 전통적인 규범주의 연구와 미국의 영향을 받은 경험주의 연구의 건전한 대립에 의해 발전하였다. 특기해야 할 것은 대형소매기업의 대두가 본격화되는 1980년대에 들어와 유통계열화가 약체화하기 시작했다는 점과 그 반면에 오랫동안 대립관계에 있었던 과점메이커와 대형소매기업간의 파트너십관계가 진전되기 시작했다는 점이다. 이에 따라 일본의 유통경로연구의 입장은 크게 변했다. 유통계열화라는 연구대상이 소멸했다고 판단했기 때문에 종래 이를 비판하고 상인옹호론을 펼쳤던 규범적 연구자들이 대형소매기업이 주도권을 가지는 제판동맹(製販同盟)을 긍정적으로 받아들인 것이다. 한편 유통계열화의 순기능을 지지했던 경험적 연구자들도 태도를 바꾸었다. 실증주의의 가르침에 따라 제판동맹이라는 새로운 실천현상을 연구의 프론티어로 인식한 것이다. 이처럼 일본의 유통경로연구가 일제히 유통계열화에서 제판동맹으로 연구의 중점을 이동시키면서, 방법론적으로 규범주의를 옹호하는 연구자는 그 모습을 감추고 다투어 경험주의 연구에 치중하게 된다. 일본적 마케팅의 주역으로서 규범주의적 색채를 남겼던 유통경로연구 조차도 방법론적으로 전향하게 된 것이다. 본고는 유통계열화의 종언을 전제로 하는 이러한 일본유통경로연구의 움직임에 대해 비판적인 견해를 피력한다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.91-101
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• 2018

Purpose - This study compares the management efficiency of retailers in China, Korea and other global countries. China's retail industry is experiencing a recession. In order to strengthen the competitiveness of retailers, it is necessary to manage the efficiency. Therefore, we analyzed the management efficiency of Chinese retailers as well as Korea and global retailers who are competing with Chinese retailers. Research design, data, and methodology - The DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis) carried out for evaluating the relative efficiency of multiple DMUs (decision making units) with homogeneity. Data were collected from the American Retail Trade Association (2017). In those distributors' data, 5 of China and 5 of Korea and 10 of other global countries' analyzed. CCR and BCC analysis were performed to determine the cause of the inefficiency of DMUs by measuring the technical efficiency, pure technology efficiency and scale efficiency. Result - Among the 20 retail distributors, Costco, Kroger (Global), Eland World, BGF(Korea) are operating efficiently. Chinese retailers are operating inefficiently. Retailers' CRS status means the growth rate of input is equal to the growth rate of output. In the case of DRS status, the ratio of output to input variable is much smaller. In order to improve inefficiency, reducing input variables can be a solution. For the firms in IRS status, the rate of increase in output is relative greater than the input. That means efficiency is good condition. The analysis result shows that most retailers are showing DRS status especially Chinese retailers. Scale efficiency is a major cause of inefficiency rather than pure technology efficiency. It is recommended for ineffective retailers to reduce inputs to become efficient retailers. Otherwise, retrain existing employees or introducing advanced technologies to increase the output. Conclusions - Most of Chinese retailers are operating inefficiently which caused by the excessive investment in the inputs. On the other hand, Other global retailers are analyzed to be efficient by DEA. In this study, benchmarking targets of some retailers' suggested to improve the management efficiency especially in inputs.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.11-14
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• 2013

Purpose - The objective of this paper is to explain how the Chinese distribution market will continue to bring tremendous business opportunities to commercial enterprises given the relatively strong economic fundamentals and substantial government-led measures for boosting domestic demand. Research design, data, and methodology - The study conducted a survey on China's 2011 retail market data. After empirically analyzing the data on retail sales, online retail markets, and franchises, we believe that online retailing in China will maintain its growth momentum. Results - This study shows that 2012 is expected to be a challenging year for the retail sector, as both external and internal pressures are likely to persist. Some of the major challenges facing retailers in China are mentioned below. Conclusions - Retailers in China face several major challenges. First, the uncertain economic outlook is having a considerable impact on China's retail market. Second, China's retailers face an unfair competition environment. Third, they are suffering the impacts of product safety problems.