• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.272-281
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• 2014

Objective: The provision of pharmaceutical care service in compliance with good pharmacy practice (GPP) standards is important, but there is lack of studies to investigate the barriers that significantly hinder community pharmacies in Korea from adhering to the standards. This study was aimed to identify the major barriers to provision of pharmaceutical care service in compliance with the proposed pharmacy practice standards which have been developed based on the GPP standards recommended jointly by WHO and FIP. Methods: Questionnaires reviewed by the expert committee were posted for 32 days on the website which is most frequently accessed by community pharmacists. The respondents completed them by checking the scores (Max=5, Min=1) for major barriers to provision of pharmaceutical care service focusing on patient information management and drug use review process in prescription fillings. The answered scores were automatically collected using online data processing. Mean differences between scored data were assessed by ANOVA. Results: Total 321 pharmacists participated in the survey. Results indicated that 'difficulty of diagnosis identification' (m=3.92, SD=1.21), 'lack of time' (m=3.48, SD=1.22) and 'lack of updated clinical information' (m=3.17, SD=1.10) were the major barriers to provision of pharmaceutical care service in patient information management. The main barriers to drug utilization review were 'lack of time' (m=3.32, SD=1.21), 'lack of updated clinical information' (m=3.11, SD=1.17), and 'negative feedbacks or refusals from prescribers' (m=3.00, SD=1.38). There were significant differences among the groups by location, employed number of pharmacists and acceptability to the proposed GPP standards. Conclusion: Difficulties in managing patient clinical information and lack of time were found to be the major barriers in providing pharmaceutical care services in community pharmacies in Korea. Further research is recommended to determine ways to reduce these barriers in order to provide quality pharmaceutical care service that is in compliance with the internationally recognized GPP guidelines.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제23권
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• pp.165-205
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• 1992

The purpose of this research is to verify the hypothesis that the serious ness of barriers may have significant relevance to barrier components expressing the extent of barrier, e. g. their frequency of occurrence, effect of the barrier on the acquisition of information and on the research project and trend of the barrier. Major conclusions made in this research are summarized as follows: 1. Barriers that their frequency of occurrence are high, show high seriousness of barriers. This indicates that frequency of barriers affects the seriousness of barriers. 2. Barriers that their effects on the acquisition of information and on the research project are large, show high seriousness of barriers. This indicates that the effect of the barrier on the acquisition of information and on the research project affects the seriousness of barriers. 3. Barriers that their trends are increasing, show high seriousness of barriers. This indicates that the trend of the barrier affects the seriousness of barriers.

• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.399-408
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• 2015

Objective. There were two objectives of the study, first was to identify the barriers as perceived by the patients and providers to access the low vision services and second was to identify the challenges faced by the main providers. Study design. Structured questionnaire based interviews of patients and providers Methodology. To find out the barriers to access of low vision services, the interviews based on structured questionnaire were conducted for two patient groups. The first group consisted of 97 visually impaired individuals attending the department of low vision services at Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital Rawalpindi while the second group included 56 visually impaired individuals attending the four rehabilitation centers/schools for the blind in Rawalpindi/Islamabad. To identify the barriers as perceived by the main providers of low vision services and challenges faced by them the interviews based on structured questionnaire were conducted for 19 low vision service providers. Results. From patients point of view, major barrier to low vision services identified was inability to visit hospital /rehabilitation center alone - 29.8% in hospital group and 33.9% in rehabilitation centers group, while the lack of social support, lack of family support, cost of travelling, long distance, afford ability, hesitation in using devices and lack of satisfaction were other important barriers identified. From providers' point of view, major barrier to uptake of services was the need for repeated follow-ups. Optometrists were the main provider of low vision services contributing to 47.4% of the providers. The major challenge faced by the providers was motivation of patients to use low vision devices. Conclusion. The major barrier to low vision services according to the patients is inability to visit the hospital alone, while according to providers, it is the need for repeated follow up which proves major barrier towards uptake of services. The motivation is the major challenge faced by providers, majority of which are optometrists.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.143-154
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• 2008

With the recent rapid growth of RFID technologies, the Application of RFID systems into the medical or the military industries as well as into the distribution and logistics industry are now attempted continuously. The government and private sectors plan to carry out various small and large scale projects related to RFID systems. However, many companies attempting to apply RFID systems applications into their organizations are encountering many several difficulties because of the lack of installation experience and the absence of an useful guideline. This paper focuses on identification and classification of typical barriers to the successful application of RFID systems according to the five-step method of system application process. Moreover a "barrier map" is produced by conducting a survey and interviews by specialists. In addition, a practical guideline to overcome such barriers is presented and discussed.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제29호
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• pp.115-137
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• 2011

본 연구는 경호학전공대학생을 대상으로 진로장벽과 전공만족이 진로준비행동에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구조사대상은 충남소재대학과 전북소재대학의 경호학과에 재학 중인 대학생 200명이었으며 이중응답이 부실하거나 조사내용의 일부가 누락된 자료 30부를 제외한 유효표본 170부를 연구에 사용하였으며 자료의 수집을 위해 사용한 도구는 진로탐색장애 척도, 전공만족도 척도, 진로준비행동 척도 등이다. 자료처리는 SPSS 18.0을 사용하여 분석하였고 수집된 자료는 측정도구에 대한 탐색적요인분석, 상관 관계분석, 다중회귀분석, 일원변량분석을 하였다. 분석결과에 의하면 진로장벽은 진로준비 행동에 부적인 상관을 미치며 특히 자기명확성부족이 뚜렷하게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 전공만족도와 진로준비행동은 정적인 상관을 미치며 특히 적성만족이 뚜렷하게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 학년에 따른 진로장벽은 3, 4학년이 1, 2학년에 비해 진로장벽을 덜 느끼고, 전공만족은 3, 4학년이 1, 2학년보다 더 만족스러운 것으로 나타났다. 경호학 전공 대학생을 대상으로 진로장벽과 전공만족이 진로준비행동에 미치는 영향이 어떠한지 알아보는 것은 큰 의미가 있으며 경호학 전공학생들과 취업담당자들에게 진로를 준비하고 상담을 하는 과정에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.292-303
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore nurses' experience of evidence-based nursing practice in general hospitals. Methods: Data were collected from 13 nurses through in-depth interviews about their experiences with evidence-based practice. The research questions were "What kind of evidence are you using in your practice?" and "What are the barriers to and enablers of evidence-based practice that you have experienced?" Qualitative data from field and transcribed notes were analyzed using qualitative content analysis methodology. Results: Major themes of using evidence were identified as 'research as primary valid evidence', 'information from local context and internet as realistic evidence', and 'clinical experience as pragmatic evidence'. Patient experience was not used as evidence in solving nursing problems. Barriers to and enablers of evidence-based practice were linked. They included both external, organizational factors and individual factors. Main issues were 'lack of evidence and poor work environment', and major facilitating factors were 'improving knowledge and skills related to evidence-based practice' and 'communicating and sharing evidence'. Conclusion: The study findings provide useful information for understanding nurses' experience of using external and internal evidence along with their meaning. A multidimensional approach is needed to overcome barriers to and implement evidence-based practice.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.656-663
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• 2005

Purpose. Nursing research is recognized as an essential basis for the continuous development of the scientific nursing knowledge and practice. An understanding of the barriers and attitudes to research among nurses is important to improve clinical nursing research activities. Method. Data were collected from nurses at a general hospital, located in D city, using a self-reported questionnaire, from March 15th to April 4th, 2003, and 133 questionnaires were used for the analyses. A 5 point-scale instrument was used to measure barriers and attitudes towards nursing research, with a Cronbach's alpha of .85 and .89, respectively. Results. Nurses had limited experience in research and were not well prepared to conduct it. Lack of experience, training and time were the major barriers for conducting research. However, the nurses had positive attitudes toward research. There was a difference in barriers (t = 2.68, P = .02) and research attitudes (t =- 2.74, P = .00) according to the nurses' position. Also, the nurses' research experience influenced research attitudes (t = -3.27, P = .00). The degree of research preparation (F = 6.98, P = .00) had an effect on the attitudes toward nursing research but not on the barriers. Conclusion. There is an urgent need to promote both the ability and environment for clinical nurses to actively participate in research. As the majority of nurses had little experience and low confidence in research and perceived many barriers, this promotion can be accomplished by enhancing their confidence in research through continuing education and by gradually eliminating the barriers to research.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 대학교수가 PBL 수업을 운영하는 과정에서 인식하는 난관을 탐색하는 것이다. 이를 위해 충남에 위치한 B대학에서 2017년 1학기, 2학기, 2018년 1학기동안 PBL 수업을 운영한 교수 32명이 작성한 수업성찰 보고서의 수업운영 난관관련 내용을 귀납적 분석방법(inductive content analysis)을 통해 분석하였다. 연구결과, PBL 수업운영의 난관들은 교수신념(teaching beliefs), 교실문화(classroom culture), 학습촉진(learning facilitation), 평가(assessment), 학교환경(school environment)의 대주제로 구분되었다. 이와 같은 교수들의 PBL 운영 난관을 해소하기 위해 향후 필요한 연구와 지원을 제안하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, PBL 운영 난관별로 해결방안을 모색하는 연구가 수행되어야 한다. 둘째, 학교차원에서 교수의 PBL 수업운영의 난관을 극복할 수 있는 교수역량개발 프로그램이 지원되어야 한다. 셋째, PBL 수업운영에 부합하는 물리적 학교환경과 학사제도의 변화가 수반되어야 한다. 마지막으로 PBL 운영 난관에 대한 연구가 보다 확대되어야 한다.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2014

Advanced biofuels are recognized as a key tool to mitigate the $CO_2$ emissions in the transport sector. Active R&D works have been carried out but there are still some major barriers to implement the technology. In this paper, recent developments on the advanced biofuels' technology are reviewed and the major barriers to commercialization of the biofuels will be discussed.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제35권2호통권121호
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• pp.64-70
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• 2007

The main purposes of this paper are to determine the major factors influencing visual preference in soundproofing barriers in urban places and to provide the essential information needed in the design process of soundproofing harriers. This paper consists of two phases. The first phase presents photos of the seven types of soundproofing barriers generally seen around the Daejeon area, which were taken from three places for a photo montage. The evaluation of 21 different soundproofing barriers was conducted by college students. The second phase of this paper depicts the analysis process. Firstly, the visual preferences as found from the collected data were evaluated by five semantic degrees. The evaluated data were processed by descriptive test, a correlation test and ANOVA test methods using an SPSS statistical package. 1. Currently, visual preference in soundproofing barriers is low in urban places. Therefore, it is necessary to design visually pleasing soundproofing barriers to improve the visual qualify of urban areas. 2. Soundproofing barriers of mixed wood and acrylic scored the highest among selections while those with aluminium steel scored the lowest. 3. Environmental friendly and transparent conditions should be met to allow soundproofing barriers to be visually pleasing.