• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.61-70
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was performed to compare and analyze practice self-efficacy, paramedics image, and major satisfaction according to paramedic students practice experience. Methods: The subjects of this study were 224 paramedic students from universities across the country. The analysis methods were completed using the SPSS/WIN 23.0 program as the frequency percentage, mean±standard deviation, independent samples t-test, Pearson correlation, and logistic regression. Results: It was found that students who experienced practical training had higher levels of practical self-efficacy compared to students who did not (adj OR=3.947, 95% CI=1.932-8.061). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is thought that educational strategies and measures in the absence of practice in the paramedic students.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.39-49
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• 2009

The purpose of this study were to compare school uniforms made in major and minor companies. Especially, purchasing motives, fitting satisfaction, and mending behaviors of school uniform were compared by middle and high school students. The most evident difference was exhibited in purchasing motive. Brand preference was the most important criterion in purchasing motive from a major company, while good pricing was the most important criterion in purchasing motive from a minor company. Apart from purchasing motive, purchasing behaviors such as fitting satisfaction, mending and mended part of school uniforms were not significantly different in relation to sex, grade, and type of company. These results indicate that major companies should consider lowering their prices and also adopt a high quality strategy for school uniform production. Minor companies need to identify areas of differentiation between themselves and larger companies, and produce niche market products that are for appealing to teenagers with a tendency to orient towards brands instead of quality. Furthermore, mature teenagers as consumers of school uniforms are receptive towards competition for reasonable price.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.177-199
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• 2021

Purpose This study explores the development direction of the artificial intelligence curriculum as a universal education that enhances the ability of college students to flexibly use artificial intelligence these days, where artificial intelligence education is spreading, and the educational components based on this are subdivided according to the characteristics of each major. Design/methodology/approach In order to develop the educational purpose of the subject and the detailed educational curriculum suitable for the subject of education, we first analyzed domestic and foreign prior research related to artificial intelligence liberal arts education. As the main components derived by experts, the basic concept of artificial intelligence converges to literacy to read and write for everyday problem solving, as well as problem-solving ability to manipulate real data and software. Findings The results showed that In the artificial intelligence literacy module, trends and prospects of artificial intelligence and necessary competencies were checked, and cases applied to major fields were examined. In the AI utilization and application part, basic data analysis items and content composition were composed through creative thinking, logical thinking, and intelligence. In order to design the curriculum, a software development language suitable for each major area was first selected, and AI education content areas, elements, and packages were defined and designed for each major area to meet the objectives of the subject.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.347-355
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• 2008

This study analyzed and modeled the relationships between the species richness of fish, plant, and bird and environmental factors such as climatic and geographical variables based on data collected from 109 major drainage systems in Japan from 1990 until 2005. As a result, the most parts of the distributions of the fish, plant, and bird species richness were clarified by the average annual atmospheric temperature, dimension of drainage areas, and annual rainfall, respectively. In addition, this study predicted the value of each organism species distributed in national drainage areas in Japan using GAMs(Generalized Additive Models) for each organism model created by environmental factors on a wide-ranging scale, and also mapped out the value. Mapping out the predicted value could make it easier for its managers to newly set up the areas needing to be protected to obtain diversity of the organism species and to assess their availability of conservation for bio-diversity.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.174-184
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• 2010

Objectives: This study shows the issues that should be considered when applying standardized rates using Community Health Survey(CHS) data. Methods: We analyzed 2008 CHS data. In order to obtain the reliability of standardized rates, we calculated z-score and rank correlation coefficients between direct standardized rate and indirect standardized rate for 31 major indices. Especially, we assessed the change of correlations according to population composition (age and sex), and characteristics of the index. We used Mantel-Haenszel chi-square to quantify the difference of population composition. Results: Among 31 major indices, 29 indices' z-score and rank correlation coefficients were over 0.9. However, regions with larger differences in population composition showed lower reliability. Low reliability was also observed for the indices specific to subgroups with small denominator such as 'permanent lesion from stroke', and the index with large regional variations in age-related differences such as 'obtaining health examinations'. Conclusions: Standardized rates may have low reliability, if comparison is made between areas with extremely large differences in population composition, or for indicies with large regional variations in age-related differences. Therefore, the special features of standardized rates should be considered when health state are compared among areas.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.204-216
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• 2000

Background : There has been a concern that the quality of care provided to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients in the United States may not be as good as recommended. This paper illustrates a composite measure to assess, the quality of care received by ESRD patients undergoing in-center hemodialysis by incorporating outcomes for 4 major treatment areas. The 4 treatment areas are: dialysis treatments, anemia control, nutritional management, and blood pressure control. Methods : The major data source for the study was the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) Dialysis Morbidity and Mortality Study Wave 1 (DMMS-1) d Sixteen categories of a composite quality indicator were constructed by combining 4 dichotomous variables (16=2*2*2*2). representing the optimal vs. less than optimal level of outcome for each of the 4 treatment outcome measure respectively. Optimal outcome level for each treatment area was defined based on the recommendation from the National Kidney Foundation: (a) delivered dialysis doses (Kt/V) ${\geq}$ 1.2; (b) hematocrit level ${\geq}$ 30%; (c) serum albumin concentration ${\geq}$ 3.8g/dl ; and (d) blood pressure of <140 / <90mmHg. The 16 quality indicator were ranked according to their relative quality weights, which were estimated from its association with the relative risk of survival, adjusting for patient's baseline severity and dialysis facility characteristics. Results : Out of the entire sample of 2,179 patients, only 229 (10%) meet th recommended outcome levels for all 4 treatment areas. Overall, the study patients were distributed evenly over the 16 quality indicators, indicating a great variation in the quality of ESRD care. It appears that the rank of the 16 quality-indicators is driven by serum albumin concentration, suggesting that serum albumin concentration may be the most powerful predictor of ESRD patient survival among the 4 outcome measures. Conclusion : The developed quality indicator has the advantage of describin a range of care for dialysis patients and thus providing a more complete picture of care as compared to previous studies that have focused on only single or few components of the ESRD care.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.531-554
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• 2007

This paper suggests a new model connecting various knowledge activities through classification systems such as classifications of research, technology, industry, major and job. Although research activities are linked to technology and industry areas or to education and job areas, there is no effort to link these kinds of activities. There are a few studies to link research and technology or research and education respectively. But, there have been no studies to connect technology-industry linkage and education-job linkage. This paper suggests that research area can be a basis of link between technology-industry linkage and education-job linkage. The methods building the links are not simple, but easy; 1) setting up new science/research classification system having two dimensions of research and application, 2) building electronic systems and databases allowing fields for several classification systems, and 3) making rules using multi-dimensional classification systems following the purpose of the programs. The model is designed to meet the needs of nationwide R&D and human resources policies, and for the preparation of knowledge society to grasp the relationship between sequential activities using knowledge. If we know the interactive relationships between various areas, we can trace related phenomena in different activities with restricted information.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.218-226
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• 2015

Background: The present study aimed to analyze the index value trends of injured employed persons (IEPs) covered in Pakistan Labour Force Surveys from 2001-02 to 2012-13. Methods: The index value method based on reference years and reference groups was used to analyze the IEP trends in terms of different criteria such as gender, area, employment status, industry types, occupational groups, types of injury, injured body parts, and treatment received. The Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was also performed to investigate the inter-relationship of different occupational variables. Results: The values of IEP increased at the end of the studied year in industry divisions such as agriculture, forestry, hunting, and fishing, followed by in manufacturing and construction industry divisions. People associated with major occupations (such as skilled agricultural and fishery workers) and elementary (unskilled) occupations were found to be at an increasing risk of occupational injuries/diseases with an increasing IEP trend. Types of occupational injuries such as sprain or strain, superficial injury, and dislocation increased during the studied years. Major injured parts of body such as upper limb and lower limb found with increasing trend. Types of treatment received, including hospitalization and no treatment, were found to decrease. Increased IEP can be justified due to inadequate health care facilities, especially in rural areas by increased IEP in terms of gender, areas, received treatment, occupational groups and employment status as results found after Pearson correlation coefficient analysis. Conclusion: The increasing trend in the IEP% of the total employed persons due to agrarian activities shows that there is a need to improve health care setups in rural areas of Pakistan.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.45 no.1 s.142
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• pp.79-85
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• 2006

This study was conducted to get basic information on the occurrence of plant-parasitic nematodes for the establishment of nematode management strategy in major potato production areas in Korea. Nationwide soil collection was done in 11 areas of Cheju, Yesan, Gimchun, Goryoung, Hong chun, Pyungchang, Gimjae, Milyang, Namwon, Gangnung, and Inje in 2004-2005. Root-hot nematode juveniles(J2) were detected in 30 samples among the 50 samples. The average density was 12-69 J2/100cc soil. Pratylenchus sp., Helicotylenchus sp., Ditylenchus sp., Tylenchus sp., and Tylenchorhynchus sp. were also detected in various locations, however, their densities were very low. Root-knot nematode females were collected from tomato roots inoculated with the potato field soils for PCR-RFLP identification. The females from Cheju, Milyang, and Goryung showed PCR products of 500 bp. And the Dra I restriction enzyme digestions showing 290 bp and 230 bp fragments confirmed their identity as Meloidogyne hapla.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.472-481
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• 2012

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the AD (allergic diseases: asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis) prevalence among elementary schoolchildren in an industrial city, Ulsan, and identify major environmental risk factors associated with AD prevalence. Methods: Data on the physician-diagnosed prevalence over the past 12 months and potential risk factors of AD were collected through a questionnaire from a 2009-2010 survey of 4,067 schoolchildren living in different urban environments. The logistic regression analysis was performed to assess differences in AD prevalence among the areas and to determine which environmental factors impacted AD. Results: Our survey results showed that the AD prevalence rate ranged between 26.2% and 35.9%. Children living in polluted areas (near industrial and central urban areas) had about a 10% higher prevalence of AD than did those living in coastal or suburban residences. The Chi-Square test demonstrated that this local difference was statistically significant before and after adjustment of major confounders such as parental AD history and parental education. The results of the logistic regression analysis showed a statistically significant association between several environmental factors (ventilation in winter, odor conditions and exposure to traffic smoke, and outdoor $PM_{10}/O_3$ pollution) and the prevalence of AD found by multivariate model after adjusting confounders. Conclusion: These results suggest that local differences in AD prevalence are significantly associated with outdoor environmental factors. Although there are likely to be other risk factors for AD, living in a polluted area and exposure to high levels of air pollutants can contribute to an increased risk of childhood AD.