• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.289-293
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• 1998

Six-year-old ginseng roots were divided into rhizome, main root (epidermis, cortex and xylem) and lateral root (big tail root, mid tail root and fine tail root) and the concentration levels of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) in each part of the ginseng were investigated. The amount ratios of SDF to IDF (SDF/IDF) in various parts of the ginseng root were also compared. The concentration levels of SDF and IDF in the ginseng root were 6.56% and 15.41 %, respectively, where the level of SDF in main root was a little higher than that of lateral root. However the amount of IDF in main root was lower than that of lateral root. The SDF/IDF was highest in main root, 0.513, which was higher than that of lateral root or rhizome. The SDF/IDF was 0.704 in xylem, 0.478 in cortex, and 0.099 in epidermis of the main root and the SDF/IDF was 0.576 in big tail root, 0.463 in mid tail root, and 0.255 in fine tail root of the lateral root. It has been reported that SDF might have preventive effects on diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure, colon and rectum cancers, while IDF might have preventive effects on constipation. Therefore, main root of six-year- old ginseng root is thought to have a little different physiological activity from lateral or fine tail roots.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.389-392
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• 2016

The present study was conducted to investigate the ginsenoside profiles of the main root, root hair, and leaf of ginseng in order to demonstrate their possible application in medicine. The total ginsenoside content of the leaf was up to 12 times than that in the main root, and the content of protopanaxadiol groups was higher than that of protopanaxatriol groups in all the samples. The leaf was shown to contain high amounts of ginsenosides Rb3 and Rh1, whereas the main root contained large amounts of ginsenosides Rb1 and Rc. Moreover, Rb2, Rb3, and Rg1 were only detected in the root hair, leaf, and main root, respectively. The ginsenoside Re content of Panax ginseng leaf and root hair was 2.6~4 times higher than that of the main root. Therefore, the results indicate that the ginsenoside content of Panax ginseng is higher in the leaf and root hair, and lower in the main root.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 1987

인삼제품의 품질관리와 효능연구의 시료사용에 참고자료로 활용하기 위하여 인삼근의 부위별, 연근별 사포닌 함량 및 분포를 조사하였다. 한국인삼 6년근의 부위별 조성은 뇌두(rhizome) 4.1%, 동체(main root) 47.7%, 지근(lateral)의 비는 대략 1:1이었으나 지근부는 2:1로 피층이 많았다. 사포닌분포는 동체와 세근부가 29% 정도로 거의 같고, 지근부 34.6%로 가장 많았고, 뇌두는 7% 수준으로 가장 적었다. 그러나 단위 중량당 함량에서는 세근>퇴두>지근>동체의 순으로 뇌두가 높은 반면 동체는 가장 낮았다. 연근별 사포닌 변화는 2년근 4.89%, 6년근 7.98%로서 본포이식후 4년간 약 3% 증가에 그쳤으나 뿌리의 비대성장을 고려할 때 계속적으로 합성축적 되었으며 연간 증가율은 5년근이 43.8%로 가장 왕성한 성장기임을 나타내고 4년근 19.8%, 6년근 21.1%로 비슷했다. 따라서 5년에 뿌리의 생장과 사포닌 합성축적이 최고 수준에 도달했다가 6년째 부터 쇠퇴기로 됨을 알았다. 개별 사포닌의 함량변화는 전반적으로 증가하는 경향이나 PT계 사포닌보다는 PD계 사포닌의 증가가 보다 큰 경향이었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.263-270
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• 2016

This study investigated the phenolic, flavonoid, and vitamin constituents in the main root, root hair, and leaf of ginseng. The total individual phenolic and flavonoid contents were the highest in the leaf, followed by the main root and root hair. Ferulic acid and m-coumaric acid were found to be the major phenolics in the main root and root hair, while p-coumaric acid and m-coumaric acid were the major phenolics in the leaf. Catechin was the major flavonoid component in the main root and root hair, while catechin and kaempferol were the major flavonoid components in the leaf. Pantothenic acid was detected in the highest quantity in the non-leaf parts of ginseng, followed by thiamine and cobalamin. Linolenic acid and menadione were the major components in all parts of ginseng.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.380-384
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• 2002

창포의 뿌리를 주근(main root)과 측근(lateral root)으로 분리하여 3$0^{\circ}C$ 열풍건조분말의 주된 포화지방산으로는 caprylic acid, pentadecanoic acid, stearic acid 및 heneicosanoic acid 등 10종이 확인되었고, 이들은 각각 주근과 측근의 경우 caprylic acid가 28.35%, 31.44%이었고, 불포화지방산으로는 linoleic acid, palmitoleic acid 및 linolenic acid 등 6종이 확인되었고 이들 중 가장 높은 함유량을 보인 linoleic acid가 주근에 25.55%, 측근에 23.43%가 함유되어 있었다. 주요 유기산으로는 주근과 측근에 succinic acid, malic acid 및 citric acid 등으로 구성되어 있었고, 특히 succinic acid가 주근과 측근에서 각각 2,790 mg%, 2,630 mg%로 높은 함량을 함유하고 있었다. 무기질로는 K, Ca, p, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu 등 9종을 함유하고 있었으며, 창포뿌리의 주된 무기질로 확인된 K의 함량은 측근에 454 mg%로 주근의 194 mg% 보다 매우 높은 함량을 나타내었다. Ascorbic acid 함량은 주근과 측근에 각각 113.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g, 125.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g을 함유하고 있었고, 총페놀성 물질 함량은 주근에 463 mg%, 측근에 474 mg%로 매우 높은 수준이었으며 조사포닌의 함량은 주근에 2.51%, 측근에 3.39%로 높은 함량을 보였다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.452-457
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the correlation between root diameter and ginsenoside composition of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer cultivar Yunpoong. Dry matter ratio of main root was a little higher than that of lateral root and fine root, and that was higher by the increase of root diameter in the same root parts. Total ginsenosides composition of main and lateral roots increased by the decrease of root diameter, especially in lateral root. Similar resulted in fine root, but there was no significant difference where root diameter was below 2.5 mm. Except for ginsenoside-$Rg_1$, other ginsenosides component, PDs, PTs and total ginsenosides had highly negative correlation with the root diameter within whole root, main root+lateral root and lateral root+fine root, while $Rg_1$ had positive correlation with the root diameter.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.256-261
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• 1996

Comparative biological activities of 70fr methanol extracts from the main roots and rhizomes of both red and white ginsengs were investigated using several in vitro experimental models. The main root of red ginseng and the rhizome of white ginseng strongly inhibited lipld peroxidation of hepatic microsomes induced by the non-enzymatic $Fe^{+}$ / Ascorbate system. The main root and rhizome of red ginseng markedly inhibited the release of G07, GPT and LDH by $CCl_4$-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes as compared with those of white ginseng. And also, the main root of red ginseng showed a slight differentiating activity on HL-60 cancer cell line. The results suggest that the rhizome of ginseng have potential as a source of medicinal crude drug with possible pharmacolobica1 applications .

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.96-104
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• 2023

The successful restoration program requires a comprehensive understanding of variables influencing seedling efficiency. Below-ground is hypothesized to have a major impact on seedling performance of species when planted in agriculture, and degraded areas with different types of mulching. This study investigated on Sg. Terla Forest Reserve in Cameron Highlands Pahang, Malaysia. In this study randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used. The excavation method was applied to study the root system development, above, and below ground biomass distributions under different types of mulching: coconut mulching (CM), oil palm mulching (OM), plastic mulching (PM) and control (CK). The root diameter, main root length, lateral root length, root coiling, and root direction toward to sun were recorded. The results in this study indicate that mulching had significant effect on root diameter, main root length, and root distributions among treatments while for lateral root length, root: shoot ratio, dry biomass distributions, and above and below ground biomass did not showed significant effect among treatments. The highest values for root diameter, lateral root length, main root length, root distributions, dry biomass distributions and above and below ground biomass were showed in CM treatments. However 75% of root coiling was observed in seedlings between treatments.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.184-190
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate ginsenoside content in different root parts and the correlation between root diameter and ginsenoside composition of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer cultivated by direct seeding. The unit contents of ginsenoside were 29.65, 28.76, 26.34 mg/g, respectively in 4, 5, 6 years old. However, the total contents of ginsenoside were 431.97, 606.56, 657.80 mg/root, respectively. Total ginsenoside content of fine root was higher than that of main root and lateral root. These tendencies were related to decrease by the increase of root diameter. When diameter of main root and lateral root were the same in different ages, the total ginsenoside content was higher in the order of 4 > 5 > 6 years old roots. Except for ginsenoside-Rg1, other ginsenosides components (PD/PT and total ginsenosides) had highly negative correlation with the root diameter within whole root, main root, lateral root and fine root, which indicated that ginsenoside content is correlated to root diameter. As results, it is suggested that ginsenoside content can be predicted.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.99-101
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• 1983

Black root rot caused by Cylindrocladium crotalariae is one of the most serious soilborne disease in soybean. Plant height reduction of Hwangkeum Kong was 38% by the rotting of the whole main root and 9% by rotting of the half of the main root as compared with partial discoloration in the main root. Pod number per plant and seed weight were significantly reduced by the increase of the disease severity. Important yield components such as number of pods per plant and seed weight were negatively correlated with the soybean black root rot severity.