• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the change in signal sensitivity over different acquisition start times and optimize the scanning window to provide the maximal signal sensitivity of [1-¹³C]pyruvate and its metabolic products, lactate and alanine, using spatially localized hyperpolarized 3D ¹³C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI). Materials and Methods: We acquired 3D ¹³C MRSI data from the brain (n = 3), kidney (n = 3), and liver (n = 3) of rats using a 3T clinical scanner and a custom RF coil after the injection of hyperpolarized [1-¹³C]pyruvate. For each organ, we obtained three consecutive 3D ¹³C MRSI datasets with different acquisition start times per animal from a total of three animals. The mean signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of pyruvate, lactate, and alanine were calculated and compared between different acquisition start times. Based on the SNRs of lactate and alanine, we identified the optimal acquisition start timing for each organ. Results: For the brain, the acquisition start time of 18 s provided the highest mean SNR of lactate. At 18 s, however, the lactate signal predominantly originated from not the brain, but the blood vessels; therefore, the acquisition start time of 22 s was recommended for 3D ¹³C MRSI of the rat brain. For the kidney, all three metabolites demonstrated the highest mean SNR at the acquisition start time of 32 s. Similarly, the acquisition start time of 22 s provided the highest SNRs for all three metabolites in the liver. Conclusion: In this study, the acquisition start timing was optimized in an attempt to maximize metabolic signals in hyperpolarized 3D ¹³C MRSI examination with [1-¹³C] pyruvate as a substrate. We investigated the changes in metabolic signal sensitivity in the brain, kidney, and liver of rats to establish the optimal acquisition start time for each organ. We expect the results from this study to be of help in future studies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.115-118
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• 2003

The sensor at liquid nitrogen temperature showed the increase of electrical resistance by applying magnetic field. Actually, the voltage drop across the sensor was changed from zero to a value more than $100\;{\mu}V$ by the applied magnetic field. The change of electrical resistance depended on magnetic field. The sensitivity of this sensor was $2.9\;{\Omega}/T$. The sensing limit was about $1.5{\times}10^{-5}\;T$. The increase of electrical resistance by the magnetic field was ascribed to a modification of the Josephson junctions due to the penetrating magnetic flux into the superconducting material. Considering the observed properties of the superconductor with trapped magnetic flux, a magnetic sensor was fabricated to detect simultaneously both the intensity and the direction of the magnetic field.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity and Cryogenics Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.69-71
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• 2003

The magnetic field sensor was fabricated with superconducting ceramics of YBaCuO system. The sensor at liquid nitrogen temperature showed the increase of electrical resistance by applying magnetic field. Actually the voltage drop across the sensor was changed from zero to a value more than 100 $mutextrm{V}$ by the applied magnetic field. The change in electrical resistance depended on magnetic field. The sensitivity of this sensor was 2.9 $\Omega$/T. The sensing limit was about $1.5\times$10$^{-5}$. The increase of electrical resistance by the magnetic field was ascribed to a modification of the Josephson junctions due to the penetrating magnetic flux into the superconducting material. Considering the observed properties of the superconductor with trapped magnetic flux, a magnetic sensor was fabricated to detect simultaneously both the intensity and the direction of the magnetic field.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10b
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• pp.281-282
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• 2002

To reduce the spin-off of lubricants on a magnetic disk, which is caused by the radial component of shear force between the disk and air, we analyzed the air-velocity distribution and the air-shear force by three-dimensional large-eddy simulation (LES). This sensitivity analysis, on five design parameters, showed that disk/arm clearance and arm thickness have a greater effect on the mean radial air-shear force than the other parameters. The force on a disk optimized according to the optimum parameters is 12% less than the force on a conventional disk.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.736-742
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• 2008

This paper proposes new searching algorithm for the optimal PD gains of flexible rotor supported by active magnetic bearings. Under the assumption of linearized bearing parameters with respect to PD gains, the performance index in quadratic form is defined and steepest descent method is adopted for determining local minimum. Moreover, the eigenpair sensitivity concept is utilized to evaluate the sensitivity of performance index. To evaluate the effectiveness of suggested algorithm, the finite element model is constructed and its reduced model is retained in modal domain. Given starting gains, the optimal gains are successfully found and the control performance is demonstrated by simulation to show the efficiency of the proposed method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.1000-1003
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• 2002

For high density optical storage, there should be a high NA objective lens and a shorter wavelength laser diode. To secure the disc tilt margin related to the coma aberration, moreover, it's difficult to apply the tilt compensation mechanism into the portable PC. In this paper, we proposed the 3-axis asymmetry pickup actuator with high efficiency symmetric magnetic circuit, which consisted of the top cover type inner yoke for high magnetic flux density, the coil stack unit for the 3-axis independent operation and vertically polarized magnets. This newly suggested actuator features DVD-RAM recording, we achieved the high focus & track AC sensitivity and the greatly stabilized system.

• Journal of Institute of Convergence Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.11-15
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• 2014

Magnet gear transfers a high speed torque of the driving side to a low speed following side. Of course, the torque is amplified as much as a ratio between pole number of magnet gears constituting both sides through ferromagnet modulator. However, the parameters of the overall magnetic system influence the transmitting torque strongly. They include a pole number of permanent magnet, magnet thickness, reducing ratio, harmonic modulator thickness, and open ratio etc. In this paper, the influences of the parameters are analyzed using finite element method tool. By comparison, a desirable design specification is proposed, including a recommended modulator pattern.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.337-340
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• 2004

To develop the highly sensitive Magneto-Impedance sensor, the amorphous ribbon was micro-processed to meander type sensor pattern and the filter circuit was constructed with this pattern. Its external magnetic field dependence of impedance and the output properties of the filter circuit were investigated. The impedance of the pattern had a peak value at the magnetic field of 10 Oe and its changing ratio was about 280%. The impedance change per unit magnetic field was about 36%, in which the output with high sensitivity and linearity could be obtained. The output sensitivity was about 7%/Oe at bias field of 6 Oe..

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.208-213
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• 2003

A note-book PC has become thinner in recent years. And optical disc drives are required to have high memory capacity. Therefore, the actuator of optical disc drives must be thinner and have disc tilt compensation function for high density memory. In this paper, the hybrid type actuator is investigated for 3-axis ultra-slim actuator. A 3-axis ultra-slim actuator is designed by using the modal analysis of the actuator and the electromagnetic analysis of magnetic circuit to achieve dynamic characteristics and magnetic flux density for high sensitivity, respectively. Also, magnetic force between tilt magnet and tilt yoke is investigated to find the influence on the DC sensitivity in the focus and track directions.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 1999

The GMR ($d_Cu$) oscillatory behaviour as well as the widths of first and the second antiferromagnetically coupled ranges of the Permalloy ($Py=Ni_{83}Fe_{17}$)/Cu multilayers have been found to be strongly affected not only by the presence of the superparamagnetic/paramagnetic entitles located at the Py/Cu interfaces but mainly by the existence of the magnetic bridges between Py layers. The effectiveness of the magnetic bridges has been found to be temperature dependent, leading to the temperature dependence of the remnant to saturation magnetization ratio ($M_R/M_S$). We have found that for Py/Cu multilayers with equal Py and Cu layer thicknesses a high field sensitivity of the GMR effect (0.4%/Oe) and negligible hysteresis can be achieved when the number of Py layers decreases from 100 to 6. Sensitivity can be further improved by increasing the Py layers thickness, but the hysterstic effect becomes more pronounced then.