• 대한한방종양학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.49-65
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• 1997

In order to investigate the effects of Sojeokbaekchoolsan on the various immune responses, the chemotactic and adherent ability of macrophages were studied in vivo and in vitro. The results obtained were follows: 1. The administration of Sojeokbaekchoolsan enhanced significantly the Chemotactic activity of macrophages and neutrophils. 2. The administration of Sojeokbaekchoolsan enhanced significantly the adherent activity of macrophages and neutrophils. From above findings, it is suggested that Sojeokbaekchoolsan seem to produce the increase of immune response such as the chemotactic activity and adherent activity of macrophage. According to the above results, it could be suggested that Jukyeopseokgo-tanggagambang extract has indirect autitumor effects by strengthening the effects of MMC on tumor cells.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2017

To elucidate new biological ingredients in cold-brew coffee extracted with cold water, crude polysaccharide (CCP-0) was isolated by ethanol precipitation, and its immune-stimulating activities were assayed. CCP-0 mainly comprised galactose (53.6%), mannose (15.7%), arabinose (11.9%), and uronic acid (12.4%), suggesting that it might exist as a mixture of galactomannan and arabinogalactan. CCP-0 significantly increased cell proliferation on both murine peritoneal macrophages and splenocytes in a dose dependent manner. CCP-0 also significantly augmented nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production by murine peritoneal macrophages. In addition, macrophages stimulated by CCP-0 enhanced production of various cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-12. In an in vitro assay for intestinal immune-modulating activity, CCP-0 showed higher bone-marrow cell-proliferation activity through Peyer's patch cells at $100{\mu}g/mL$ than the negative control. These results suggest that CCP-0 may potentially enhance macrophage functions and the intestinal immune system.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2009

Baicalin is a flavonoid purified from the medicinal plant Scutellaria baicalensis. It has been reported that baicalin exhibits antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The present study was undertaken to determine the underlying cellular mechanisms of baicalin action in preosteoclasts. The effects of this flavonoid on preosteoclasts were determined by measuring osteoclast generation and osteoclast activity in macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF)-dependent bone marrow cells (MDBMCs) and in co-cultures of MDBMCs and osteoblasts. Osteoclast generation was assayed by measuring the number of tartrateresistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) (+) multinucleated cells after culture. Osteoclast activity was assayed by measuring the area of the resorption pit after culture. We found that osteoclast generation was induced by M-CSF and receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL), and by the 1.25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in our cultures. Baicalin decreased both osteoclast generation and activity in MDBM cultures and co-cultures indicating that it may inhibit bone resorption.

• 환경생물
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2012

Oxidative stress has been reported to be one of causes of neuritis. This study examined antioxidative activities of methanol extracts of six amphibian species known to be medicinal animals (Rana catesbeiana, R. coreana, R. rugosa, R. dybowskii, R. nigromaculata, and Hyla japonica) and investigated their effects of inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production and cytotoxicity on the murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. As inflammation is closely associated with reactive oxygen species, assays on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, superoxide anion radical scavenging activity and NO scavenging activity of the extracts of the six species were performed to investigate their antioxidative activity. The results obtained were as follows; All extracts showed antioxidative activity, and the activity of R. dybowskii was the highest in comparison among those. Anti-inflammatory effects of the extracts were also examined, the five extracts except that of R. rugosa did not show cytotoxicity for RAW264.7 cells at the maximal concentration ($1,000{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$). Selectivity index, meaning NO scavenging activity compared to cytotoxicity, showed the highest level in the extract of R. dybowskii. These results will be very useful basic data for future studies on prevention and treatment of human diseases to understand the biological roles of amphibian extracts throughout the antioxidative or anti-inflammatory pathways.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2001

The activity of taurine transporter is affected by various extracellular stimuli such as ion, hormone and stress. To assess effects of steroid hormones antral cyclosporin A (CsA) on the taurine transporter activity, murine monocytic RAW264.7 cell line was stimulated with dexamethasone (DM), triamcinolone (TA), cortisone (CS), hydrocortisone (HCS), prednisone (PSN), prednisolone (PSL) and methylprednisolone (MPSL) in the presence of 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate(TPA). Treatment of TPA on the cell line led to significant reduction of taurine transporter activity. However, in case of stimulation of the cells with steroid hormones in the presence of TPA, all of them recovered TPA-induced reduction of the taurine transporter activity. Treatment of the cells with CsA led to significant reduction of the taurine transporter activity. Ionomycin (IM) recovered the reduced taurine transporter activity by CsA, but failed in the presence of EDTA, a calcium chelating agent. These results showed that glucocorticoid hormone recovered TPA-induced reduction of taurine transporter activity and that IM recovered CsA-induced reduction of the transporter activity by increasing intracellular free $Ca^{++}$ concentration.n.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.606-613
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• 2016

본 연구는 커피부산물의 화장품 소재로서의 활용가능성을 평가하기 위해 커피부산물을 유기용매인 n-hexane을 이용하여 $60({\pm}10)^{\circ}C$에서 24시간동안 교반하며 추출하여 실험을 수행하였다. B16F10 melanoma cell line과 RAW264.7 macrophage cell line에서의 커피박 추출물의 세포독성을 water solubletetrazolium salt-1 assay로 평가하였다. 또한 free radical 소거능을 측정하기 위해 DPPH법을 사용하여 항산화를 평가하였으며, 항균력 검색을 위해 Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans를 이용하였다. 실험결과 B16F10 murine melanoma cells에서 커피부산물 추출물을 처리한 군은 $0.125{\sim}2{\mu}{\ell}/m{\ell}$ 농도에서, RAW 264.7 macrophage cells에서는 0.125부터 $0.5{\mu}{\ell}/m{\ell}$ 농도에서 세포독성을 나타내지 않았다. 항산화 실험 결과 커피박 추출물은 농도 의존적인 DPPH radical 소거능을 보였다. 또한 커피박 추출물의 항균 효능을 측정하기 위해 Paper disc법을 이용하였으며 그 결과 Straphylococcus epidermidis, Straphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans에서 각각 $11.3{\pm}0.4$, $12.{\pm}0.7$, $12.0{\pm}0.0$, $0.0{\pm}0.0mm$의 clear zone을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 커피박 추출물의 화장품 소재로서의 가치를 제안할 수 있다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.857-866
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• 1994

톡소플라즈마 과면역(過免疫) 우혈청(牛血淸)에서 유래된 면역증강제인 obioactin으로 처리한 마우스 복강 macrophages내(內)에서의 톡소플라즈마 증식억제 활성을 검토하였다. obioactin 및 lonomycin A로 처리한 macropohages에서는 첨가농도의 증가에 따라 세포내의 톡소플라즈마 증식이 현저하게 억제되었다. 그러나 macrophages 활성물질인 muramyl dipeptide(MDP)는 톡소플라즈마의 증식억제 효과가 없었다. 이와같이 obioactin 및 lonomycin A의 첨가에 의해 macrophages내(內)에서 톡소플라즈마의 증식이 억제되는 기전의 일부를 해명하기 위한 일환으로 활성산소 중간체 및 lysozyme 분비량을 검토하였다. obioactin과 MDP로 처리한 macrophages에서는 활성산소 중간체인 superoxide anion($O_2{^-}$)과 hydropen peroxide($H_2O_2$)의 생산은 첨가농도에 의존해서 증가하였으나 lonomycin A 첨가군에서는 대조군과 차이가 없었다. 한편 세포내에서 분비되는 lysozyme의 양은 obioactin, lonomycin A 및 MDP를 첨가한 각각의 macrophages에서 첨가농도의 증가에 따라 무처지 대조군에 비해 감소되었다. 이러한 결과로 부터 obioactin은 macrophages를 활성화시켜 세포내에서 활성산소 중간체($O_2{^-}$ 및 $H_2O_2$)를 발생시켜 이것들에 의해 톡소플라마즈의 증식이 억제되는 것으로 사료되었다. 그러나 macrophages내에서 분비되는 lysozyme은 톡소플라즈마의 증식억제와는 무관하였다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제68권3호
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• pp.168-174
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• 2010

Background: Sepsis still has a high mortality rate despite adequate supportive care. Newer therapeutic modalities have been developed but they have generally ended in failure. Recently, insulin was reported to have an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the $I{\kappa}B/NF-{\kappa}B$ pathway, and may have therapeutic potential in sepsis. However, the precise mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of insulin is unclear. This study examined the role of insulin in activating $I{\kappa}B/NF-{\kappa}B$ in macrophage. Methods: Raw 264.7 cells, a murine macrophage cell line, were used in this experiment. Western blotting using $I{\kappa}B$ Ab and phosphor-specific $I{\kappa}B$ Ab was performed to evaluate the degradation and phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B$ cells. For the $I{\kappa}B$ Kinase (IKK) activity, an immune complex kinase assay was performed. The level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was measured by ELISA to determine the level of proinflammatory cytokine. Results: $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ degradation began 30 min after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. However, an insulin pretreatment suppressed the $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ degradation caused by the LPS treatment. The phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ and IKK activity was also inhibited by the insulin pretreatment. Finally, the insulin pretreatment showed a tendency to suppress the induction of IL-6 by LPS. Conclusion: Insulin might have an anti-inflammatory effect though partial inhibition of the $I{\kappa}B/NF{\kappa}B$ pathway in macrophage cell lines.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.118-127
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• 2007

본 연구는 마우스를 대상으로 유기게르마늄 강화효모 경구투여에 의한 면역조절작용 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 마우스를 대상으로 9일간 경구투여한 결과 대조군인 게르마늄 비강화 효모 투여군에 비해 복강대식세포, B세포, NK 세포의 활성이 현저히 증가한 것으로 확인되었으며, 최종 실험결과 대식세포는 게르마늄 강화효모 투여 후 식세포활성, 주화성, 부착성, rosette 형성능 현저히 증가하였다. Superoxide $anion(O_2^-)$ 생성능은 대조군에 비해 유기게르마늄 강화군 투여군에서 3배 활성이 증가하였으며, NO 생성능과 $TNF-{\alpha}$ 생성능도 농도의존적으로 증가하였다. B-세포 활성화에 의한 cytolytic activity 증가에 의한 PFC형성능도 게르마늄 비강화 효모에 비해 현저히 증가하였으며 상업화 유기게르마늄으로 알려지고 있는 Ge-132에 비해 2배 이상 높은 활성이 확인되었다. Cytotoxic acivity에 의한 항 종양활성에서는 양성대조군인 Doxorubicin 투여군에서와 유사한 저해활성을 나타내었으며 고용량 유기게르마늄 효모(2,400 mg/kg) 투여시 60%의 종양활성 억제효과가 확인되었다. 이러한 결과를 종합해 볼 때 유기게르마늄 강화효모가 실험동물 뿐만 아니라 인체의 유용한 면역조절제로서의 이용성이 기대된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2017

레스베라트롤의 면역제어 성질과 대식세포의 생존능력과 관련하여 당화된 레스베라트롤의 효과를 확인하기 위해 대식세포 RAW 264.7에서 연구하였다. 인비토로에서 대식세포에서 총 4개의 레스베라트롤 및 당화된 유도체 (E)-resveratrol, (E)-resveratrol 3-O-${\beta}$-${\small{D}}$-glucoside (R-3-G), 및 (E)-resveratrol 4'-O-${\beta}$-${\small{D}}$-glucoside (R-4'-G)를 여러 가지 농도로 처리한 후 일산화질소 (NO)와 인터루킨 6 (IL-6) 발현을 연구하였다. 앞서 언급한 물질로 처리한 후 인비토로에서 RAW 264.7 세포의 생존능력도 연구하였다. 대식세포 생존능력 평가분석 결과를 보면, 두 개의 레스베라트롤 모노글루코사이드인 R-3-G와 R-4'-G은 (E)-resveratrol와 비교하여 A549 and HepG2 세포에서 50-80% 감소된 독성을 보여준다. 당이 없는 레스베라트롤과 비교하면, 당화된 레스베라트 유도체는 긍정적으로 전사적으로 IL-6 및 iNOS 발현이 높아지는 방향으로 NO 및 대식세포에서 IL-6의 생산이 조절된다. 레스베라트롤의 당의 역할은 RAW 264.7 세포의 생존능력과 레스베라트롤의 면역제어 활성을 증가시켜 주는 것으로 보여주고 있다.