• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.632-640
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• 2002

초음파 진동을 치의학에 처음 이용한 것은 치석 제거기였으나, 최근에는 주조금속과 레진 인레이를 접착할 때, 인산아연시멘트나 레진시멘트의 점도를 낮추는데 이용되고 있다. 이러한 초음파 진동은 재료의 흐름성을 증가시킴으로써 피막도를 낮추고, 따라서 수복물 주위의 미제누출을 감소시킬 수 있는 장점이 있다. 그러나, 복합레진의 수복에 있어서 이러한 초음파 진동의 임상적 효과에 관한 연구가 아직까지 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 저자는 초음파 진동을 상아질 결합제에 적용하여 점도를 감소시킴으로써 상아세관으로의 레진 침투 정도의 변화와 결합력에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 발거 후 실온의 0.1% thymol 용액에 보관된 88개의 건전한 사람의 대구치를 치관부 법랑질을 제거하고 아크릴 레진을 이용하여 직경 1-inch의 PVC 관에 매몰하였다. 각 시편의 교합면이 아크릴봉과 동일한 높이가 되도록 220-, 500-grit의 연마지로 순차적으로 연마하였고, 무작위로 추출하여 각 군당 22개씩 네 군으로 분류하였다. 1군과 2군은 Single Bond(3M-ESPE, St. Paul, USA)를 3군과 4군은 One-Step(Bisco Inc., Schaumburg, USA)을 제조사의 지시에 따라 치면을 산부식, 수세, 건조한 후 연속하여 2번을 도포하였다. 2군과 4군은 초음파 치석제거기를 이용하여 치면에 대고 10 초간 진동을 가한 후 광중합하였다. 이후 직경 2.3mm, 높이 3.5mm의 Teflon mold(Ultradent Products Inc., South Jordan, USA)를 이용하여 복합레진을 충전한 후 40초씩 두 번에 나누어 광중합하였다. 모든 시편은 24시간 동안 실온의 수도물에 보관한 후 열순환을 시행하고, 만능측정기(Instron 4465, Canton, USA)로 전단결합강도를 측정하였으며 resin tag의 양상을 비교하기 위해 각 군의 시편의 치질을 탈회시킨 후에 표면을 주사전자 현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 초음파 진동을 가하지 않은 1군, 3군에 비해 초음파 진동을 가한 2군과 4군에서 전단결합강도가 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 2. Single Bond와 One-Step의 전단결합강도는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 3. 전자현미경 관찰에서 초음파 진동을 가한 군에서 resin tag의 길이가 길었고, lateral branch의 수도 많이 관찰되었다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 1987

전복부조사에 대한 X-선의 영향을 체중과 말초혈액 변화를 분석하여 적정 분할회수 및 치료기간설정에 응용하기 위하여 도합 160마리의 백색마우스를 두개의 조사군으로 나누어 제1군은 100cGy과, 제2군은 200cGy으로 나누고 일령이 $30{\pm}3$일로서 체중은 수컷이 $25{\pm}2gm$, 암컷은 $23{\pm}1gm$의 동수를 재료로 하여 방사선조사를 시행한 후, 체중의 변화와 말초혈액 변화를 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 체중과 혈색소의 변화는 성별이나 분할조사량에 따른 현저한 차이를 발견할 수 없었다. 백혈구의 감소는 3,000cGy에서 최소치를 나타내었으며 암, 수 모두에서 100cGy군에 비해 200cGy군에서 현저하였다. 감별백혈구의 변화는 조사선량이 증가함에 따라 암, 수 모두에서 임파구의 감소가 급격하였으나 호중구는 이와 반대로 증가함을 보였으며 이런 변화는 일회 조사량이 더 많은 제1군에서 현저하였다. 위의 결과를 종합하여 보면 방사선조사 자체로 인한 체중과 혈색소의 변화는 일회조사량이나 총 조사기간에 따른 차이를 발견할 수 없었으며 일회조사량이 많은 경우에 백혈구의 감소가 더 현저하였으며 이는 주로 임파구의 감소에 기인하며 이와는 반대로 호중구의 비율증가가 나타났다. 실험적으로 분할조사량의 선정에 말초혈액상에 미치는 영향이 큼을 보여주어 실제 치료에서 분할조사량의 올바른 책정이 중요함을 시사하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.334-341
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• 2016

본 논문은 고 용량, Gbps급 데이터 전송을 만족하는 무선 백-홀 시스템에 적용하기 위한 도파관 개구 결합 급전 구조 안테나에 관한 내용으로 V-대역인 57GHz~66GHz 주파수 대역에서 사용 할 공동-급전 구조를 갖는 $32{\times}32$ 도파관 슬롯 서브-배열 안테나를 설계, 제작 하였다. 안테나 구성은 적층 형태로 되어있으며, 각각 복사 부(외부 홈과 슬롯, 캐비티), 개구 결합 부, 급전 부로 이루어져 있다. 안테나 설계는 3차원 유한 요소 법(FEM)을 기반으로 하는 HFSS를 이용 하였고, 안테나 제작은 알루미늄 재질로 정밀도 높은 밀링 머신을 사용하여 각 층을 가공 한 후 은(Ag)-도금 과정을 거쳐 조립하였다. 측정을 통해서 안테나의 특성을 분석한 결과 목표했던 적용 주파수 대역에서의 반사 손실은 전반적으로 -12dB이하 손실 특성을 나타냈으며, VSWR < 2.0기준으로 약 16 %에 달하는 광 대역 주파수 특성을 보였다. 측정된 안테나 복사패턴의 1차 부엽 레벨은 -12.3 dB미만 이고, 3 dB 빔 폭은 약 $1.85^{\circ}$ 로 좁은 빔 폭을 갖는다. 또한, 안테나 이득은 평균 38.5 dBi이상, 효율은 약 90% 이상으로 높은 효율을 얻었다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.419-430
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• 2007

Purpose: This in vitro study evaluated shear bond strengths of surface treatment porcelains with four porcelain repair systems simulating intraoral bonding of composite resin to feldspathic porcelain or pressable porcelain. Material and methods: Eighty Porcelain disks were prepared. Group A: forty disk specimens were fabricated with Feldspathic Porcelain($Omega^{(R)}900$, Vident, Menlo Park, CA, USA). Group B: forty disk specimens were fabricated with Pressable Porcelain(IPS Empress 2 ingot, Ivoclar-Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein, Germany). Each groups was divided into 4 subgroups and composite resin cylinders were bonded to specimen with one of the following four systems: Clearfil Porcelain Bond(L. Morita, Tustin, CA, USA), Ulradent Porcelain Etch. (Ultradent, Salt Lake City UT, USA), Porcelain Liner-M(Sun Medical Co., Kyoto, Japan), Cimara Kit(Voco, Germany). After surface conditioning with one of the four porcelain repair systems substrate surfaces of the specimen were examined microscopically(SEM). Shear bond strengths of specimens for each subgroup were determined with a universal testing machine (5mm/min crosshead speed) after storing them in distilled water at $37{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. Stress at failure was measured in $MP_a$, and mode of failure was recorded. Differences among four repair systems were analyzed with two way ANOVA and Duncan test at the 95% significance level. Results: In the scanning electron photomicrograph of the treated porcelain surface, hydrofluoric acid etched group appeared the highest roughness. The shear bond strength of the phosphoric acid etched group was not significantly(p>0.05) different between feldspathic porcelain and pressable porcelain. But in no treatment and roughened with a bur group, the shear bond strength of the feldspathic porcelain was significantly higher than that of the pressable porcelain. In hydrofluoric acid etched group, the shear bond strength of the pressable porcelain was significantly higher(p<0.05). Conclusion: 1. Treatment groups showed significantly greater shear bond strengths than no treatment group(p<0.05). 2. Group with more roughened porcelain surface did not always show higher shear bond strengths. 3. In phosphoric acid etched group, there was no significant difference in shear bond strength between feldspathic porcelain and pressable porcelain(p>0.05). However in the other groups, there were significant differences in shear bond strengths between feldspathic porcelain and pressable porcelain(p<0.05).

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제28권
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• pp.83-107
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• 1995

The purpose of this research is to investigate the attitudes of students, who are used to study at the Library of Duksung Women's University, concerning about the loss and mutilation of books, articles and other research materials m a university library, and to take measures for preventing the library materials from being lost and mutilated. This study made the surveys of student's recognition about the immoral behaviors like larcenous and mutilating acts, the causes of such destructive works and effective preventive measures to keep library materials in good condition, including student's opinion about library services. The investigations were conducted in two times with the same questionnaire on randomly selected 480 students and 540 students of 1989 and 1994 respectively. The sample size is estimated to reach each $10\%$ of the total number of students of 1989 and 1994 in Duksung Women's University. And then, the students were divided into two groups. The one is a group that has had experiences stealing and mutilating the materials from the Library of the University. The other is another group which has done none of them. Thereafter the responses of the two groups are analyzed to compare the differences of the students' behaviors between 1989 and 1994, and thereby finding out important factors inviting the loss and mutilation and accordingly improving effective checks to deter the students from stealing and mutilating the library materials. Some of the research findings suggested in this paper are pointed out as follows: 1) The students who has experienced neither stealing nor mutilating the library materials visited the library more frequently and are more serious about such destructive behavior as stealing and mutilating. 2) The attitudes of the students about services and equipments supplied by the library are slightly different among the students who experienced such immoral activities or not. For example, the experienced students had more preference about an application of self-help duplicating machine being able to use card. 3) To prevent the students from stealing and mutilating the library materials, the non-experienced students demanded an education for them to duly recognize the public interest of the library and also suggested to keep more duplicate materials ready in the library, meanwhile, the experienced students indicated strongly such proposals as strict regulations against stealing and mutilating behaviors, having a correct understanding of costing a lot of time and money to restore the damaged materials to their original state and keeping many duplicates ready in the library. 4) It appears to be that there were different between the experienced and non- experienced students concerning causes invited stealing and mutilated behaviors. 5) Over all, the number of the non-experienced students is more increased in 1994 than that of 1989.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.66-78
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• 2004

초기의 접착 시스템은 여러 단계의 술식을 필요로 하였으며 술자의 기술과 재료의 성질에 크게 좌우되었으나 최근 산부식, priming, adhesive를 한번에 적용할 수 있는 all-in-one adhesive system이 등장하였다. 치과에서의 vibration의 이용은 치석의 제거 및 접착제의 점도를 낮추는데 이용되어왔으며 vibration은 접착제의 흐름성을 향상시켜 film thickness를 낮추어 수복물 주위의 미세누출을 줄이는데 도움을 준다. 이에 저자들은 all-in-one adhesive system에서 vibration이 법랑질과 상아질의 접착강도와 레진침투에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 법랑질 시편은 발거 후 실온에서 0.1% thymol 용액에서 보관된 30개의 건전한 사람의 대구치를 무작위로 10개씩 세군으로 나누고 근원심 방향으로 두 부분으로 분리하여 각각은 같은 접착제를 사용하고 초음파진동여부를 다르게 하였고, 아크릴레진을 이용하여 직경 1-inch의 PVC관에 매몰한 후 협설면이 아크릴봉과 동일한 높이가 되도록 220-, 600-grit 연마지로 순차적으로 연마하였고 군당 10개씩 여섯 군으로 분류하였다. 1군과 2군은 Prompt L-Pop(3M-ESPE, Seefeld, Germany), 3군과 4군은 One-Up Bond F(Tokuyama Corp., Tokyo, Japan), 5군과 6군은 AQ bond(Sun Medical Co., Kyoto, Japan)를 제조사의 지시에 따라 도포하였다. 2군, 4군, 6군은 초음파 치석제거기를 이용하여 치면에 대고 15초간 진동을 가한 후 광중합하였다. 상아질 시편은 치관부 법랑질을 제거한 후 상아질면을 아크릴 봉과 동일한 높이가 되도록 하고 법랑질 시편과 동일하게 처리하였다. 이후 직경 2mm, 높이 3mm의 Teflon mold(Ultradent, U.S.A.)를 이용하여 복합레진을 충전한 후 40초씩 두 번에 나누어 광중합한 후 24시간동안 실온에서 증류수에 보관하였다. 열순환 시행한 후, 만능측정기(Instron 4465)로 전단결합강도를 측정하였으며 Resin tag의 양상을 비교하기 위해 각 군의 시편의 치질을 완전히 용해시킨 후 표면을 주사전자현미경사진으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1 법랑질에서 초음파 진동을 가한 군(2, 4, 6군)은 가하지 않은 군(1, 3, 5군)에 비해 평균 전단결합강도가 높게 나타났다. 그 차이는 Ad bond 군을 제외하고 통계적으로 유의하였다(p<0.05). 2. 상아질에서 초음파 진동을 가한 군(2, 4, 6군)은 가하지 않은 군(1, 3, 5군)에 비해 평균 전단결합강도가 높게 나타났다. 그러나 그 차이는 One-Up Bond F군을 제외하고는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 3. 전자 현미경 관찰에서 초음파 진동을 가한 군에서 더 많은 법랑질의 소실과 상아질에서 resin tag의 길이가 길었고 lateral branch의 수도 많이 관찰되었다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2009

Passive fitting of meso-structure and super-structures is a predominant requirement for the longevity and clinical success of osseointegrated dental implants. However, precision and passive fitting has been unpredictable with conventional methods of casting as well as for corrective techniques. Alternative to conventional techniques, electro discharge machining(EDM) is an advanced method introduced to dental technology to improve the passive fitting of implant prosthesis. In this technique material is removed by melting and vaporization in electric sparks. Regarding the efficacy of EDM, the application of this technique induces severe surface morphological and elemental alterations due to the high temperatures developed during machining, which vary between $10,000{\sim}20,000^{\circ}C$. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological and elemental alterations induced by EDM process of casting dental gold alloy and non-precious alloy used for the production of implant-supported prosthesis. A conventional clinical dental casting alloys were used for experimental specimens patterns, which were divided in three groups, high fineness gold alloy(Au 75%, HG group), low fineness gold alloy(Au 55%, LG group) and nonprecious metal alloy(Ni-Cr, NP group). The UCLA type plastic abutment patterns were invested with conventional investment material and were cast in a centrifugal casting machine. Castings were sandblasted with $50{\mu}m\;Al_2O_3$. One casting specimen of each group was polished by conventional finishing(HGCON, LGCON, NPCON) and one specimen of each group was subjected to EDM in a system using Cu electrodes, kerosene as dielectric fluid in 10 min for gold alloy and 20 min for Ni-Cr alloy(HGEDM. LGEDM, NOEDM). The surface morphology of all specimens was studied under an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). The quantitative results from EDS analysis are presented on the HGEDM and LGEDM specimens a significant increase in C and Cu concentrations was found after EDM finishing. The different result was documented for C on the NPEDM with a significant uptake of O after EDM finishing, whereas Al, Si showed a significant decrease in their concentrations. EDS analysis showed a serious uptake of C and Cu after the EDM procedure in the alloys studied. The C uptake after the EDM process is a common finding and it is attributed to the decomposition of the dielectric fluid in the plasma column, probably due to the development of extremely high temperatures. The Cu uptake is readily explained from the decomposition of Cu electrodes, something which is also a common finding after the EDM procedure. However, all the aforementioned mechanisms require further research. The clinical implication of these findings is related with the biological and corrosion resistance of surfaces prepared by the EDM process.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.319-324
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• 2003

Statement of problem. Adhesives in dentistry playa major role in the success of restorative treatments. In the treatment of all ceramic restoration it is needed to find the adequate bond strength between enamel and dentin. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate shear bond strength of resin cement bonded to extracted human uncut enamel, cut enamel, and dentin in vitro. Material and methods. Ten freshly extracted anterior teeth without any previous restorative treatments were chosen. The extracted teeth were embedded in PMMA cold acrylic in the shape of a cylinder, 25 mm in diameter by 25 mm in height. The bonding system used was as follow: Uni-Etch (32% phosphoric acid), One-Step adhesive, Duolink resin cement. The specimens were acid etched and rinsed with water. Two layers of One-Step adhesive were coated with a disposable brush on the uncut enamel. VIP curing light at $500mV/cm^2$ was used to cure the adhesive. For cut enamel shear bond test, the specimen used for uncut enamel was further reduced approximately $0.3{\sim}0.5mm$ using a laminate preparation diamond bur (0.3 mm in depth). The specimens were subsequently treated with 320-grit SiC paper followed by 600-grit SiC paper and cleaned with distilled water. The bonding procedure on the cut enamel was same as uncut enamel bonding procedure. For dentin bonding test, the specimen used for cut enamel was further reduced approximately $0.5mm{\sim}1.0mm$ using a laminate preparation diamond bur (0.5 mm in depth of diamond cutting). The amount of reduction was evaluated with the silicone mold. The specimens were subsequently treated with 320-grit SiC paper followed by 600-grit silicon carbon paper and cleaned in distilled water. The bonding procedure on the dentin was same as uncut enamel bonding procedure. All samples were mounted and secured on the Ultradent shear bond test sample holder, and Ultradent restricted shear bond testing device was used with Universal Instron machine until fracture. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was performed comparing the result at P<0.05. Multiple comparison (Tukey) was used to compare each groups. Result. The result showed that the mean value in shear bond strength of resin cement bonded to uncut enamel, cut enamel and dentin were 27.04 Mpa, 30.25 Mpa and 26.39 Mpa with respect. Conclusion. Within the limitation of this study, the mean value of the shear bond strength of cut enamel was higher than those of uncut enamel or dentin. However there existed no statistical differences between three different human dentition substrates due to increased adhesive characteristics.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.585-596
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• 2001

The twenty one individuals with total knee replacement who were admitted to Kang-Dong Hospital for comprehensive physical therapy were studied in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of an isokinetic test program using the Cybex 6000 machine. The subjects were divided into three groups with the isometric exercise group receiving isometric exercise, the isokinetic eccentric exercise group, and isokinetic concentric exercise group receivind isokinetic exercise(eccentric, concentric) to knee flexors and extensors muscles for a six weeks' period using the Cybex 6000. The results are follow: 1. The extensors were increased significantly at all groups after 6 weeks training(p<.05). The flexors were increased significantly at isokinetic eccentric and isokinetic concentric group but no significantly differences at isometric group(p>.05) 2. At the effect of extensors and flexors after 6 weeks training. higher to 30$^{\circ}$ /sec of isokinetic concentric exercise, lower to 120$^{\circ}$ /sec of isometric exercise. 3. The peak torque was more increased significantly in the flexors and extensors of the isokinetic conccentric exercise among three groups. 4. The total work was more increased significantly in the flexors and extensors of the isokinetic conccentric exercise among three groups. 5. The ratio of peak torque to body weight were more increased significantly in the flexors and extensors of the isikinetic conccentric exercise among three groups. 6. The average power was more increased significantly in the flexors and extensors of the isikinetic conccentric exercise among three groups. 7. The average R.O.M in the pre-exercise and post-exercise was not different significantly in all three groups. According to the above results, In the muscle strength recovery for total knee replacement patients, isokinetic concentric exercise group was significantly greater than the isokinetic eccentric and isometric exercise groups after a six weeks training.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2017

Teeth and bones are highly mineralized tissues containing inorganic minerals such as calcium phosphate, and a growing number of evidences show that their mineral content is associated with many diseases. Although the quantification of mineral contents by micro-computed tomography(micro- CT) has been used in diagnosis and evaluation for treating bone diseases, its application for teeth diseases has not been well established. In this study, we attempted to estimate a usefulness of a high-resolution micro-CT in analysis of human teeth. The teeth were scanned by using the Skyscan 1172 micro-CT. In order to measure tooth mineral content, beam hardening effect of the machine was corrected with a radiopaque iodine-containing substance, iodoacetamide. Under the maximum resolution of $6.6{\mu}m$, X-ray densities in teeth and hydroxyapatite standards were obtained with Hounsfield unit (HU), and they were then converted to an absolute mineral concentration by a CT Analyzer software. In enamel layer of cusp area, the mean mineral concentration was about $2.14mg/mm^3$ and there was a constant mineral concentration gradient from the enamel surface to the dentinoenamel junction. In the dentin of middle 1/3 of tooth, the mean mineral concentration was approximately $1.27mg/mm^3$ and there was a constant mineral concentration gradient from the outer of root to the pulp side, ranging from 1.3 to $1.06mg/mm^3$. In decay region of dentin, the mineral content was gradually decreased from the intact inner side to the decayed surface. These results suggest that high-resolution micro-CT can be as a useful tool for non-invasive measurement of mineral concentration in teeth.