International Journal of Oral Biology

The Korean Academy of Oral Biology (대한구강생물학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Quantitative Analysis of Tooth Mineral Content by High Resolution Micro-computed Tomography

  • Song, Dae-Sung (Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Kim, Jung-Woo (Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Hwang, Hee-Su (Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Oh, Sin-Hye (Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Song, Ju Han (Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Kim, Il-Shin (Department of Dental Hygiene, Honam University) ;
  • Hwang, Yun-Chan (Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Koh, Jeong-Tae (Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University)
  • Received : 2017.10.27
  • Accepted : 2017.12.06
  • Published : 2017.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Teeth and bones are highly mineralized tissues containing inorganic minerals such as calcium phosphate, and a growing number of evidences show that their mineral content is associated with many diseases. Although the quantification of mineral contents by micro-computed tomography(micro- CT) has been used in diagnosis and evaluation for treating bone diseases, its application for teeth diseases has not been well established. In this study, we attempted to estimate a usefulness of a high-resolution micro-CT in analysis of human teeth. The teeth were scanned by using the Skyscan 1172 micro-CT. In order to measure tooth mineral content, beam hardening effect of the machine was corrected with a radiopaque iodine-containing substance, iodoacetamide. Under the maximum resolution of $6.6{\mu}m$, X-ray densities in teeth and hydroxyapatite standards were obtained with Hounsfield unit (HU), and they were then converted to an absolute mineral concentration by a CT Analyzer software. In enamel layer of cusp area, the mean mineral concentration was about $2.14mg/mm^3$ and there was a constant mineral concentration gradient from the enamel surface to the dentinoenamel junction. In the dentin of middle 1/3 of tooth, the mean mineral concentration was approximately $1.27mg/mm^3$ and there was a constant mineral concentration gradient from the outer of root to the pulp side, ranging from 1.3 to $1.06mg/mm^3$. In decay region of dentin, the mineral content was gradually decreased from the intact inner side to the decayed surface. These results suggest that high-resolution micro-CT can be as a useful tool for non-invasive measurement of mineral concentration in teeth.

Keywords

References

  1. Postnov AA, Vinogradov AV, Van Dyck D, Saveliev SV, De Clerck NM. Quantitative analysis of bone mineral content by x-ray microtomography. Physiol Meas. 2003;24:165-178. doi:10.1088/0967-3334/24/'1/312.
  2. Campbell GM, Sophocleous A. Quantitative analysis of bone and soft tissue by micro-computed tomography: applications to ex vivo and in vivo studies. Bonekey Rep. 2014;3:564. doi: 10.1038/bonekey.2014.59. eCollection 2014.
  3. Batchelar DL, Cunningham IA. Material-specific analysis using coherent-scatter imaging. Med Phys. 2002;29(8):1651-1660. doi:10.1118/1.1493216.
  4. Aerssens J, Boonen S, Joly J, Dequeker J. Variations in trabecular bone composition with anatomical site and age: potential implications for bone quality assessment. J Endocrinol. 1997;155:411-21. https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1550411
  5. Schneider U, Pedroni E, Lomax A. The calibration of CT Hounsfield units for radiotherapy treatment planning. Phys Med Biol. 1996;41:111-124. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/41/1/009
  6. Numata Y, Sakae T, Nakada H, Suwa T, Legeros RZ, Okazaki Y, Kobayashi K. Micro-CT Analysis of Rabbit Cancellous Bone Around Implants. J Hard Tissue Biol. 2007;16(2):91-93. doi:10.2485/jhtb.16.91.
  7. Gedalia I, Hermel I, Sciaky I, Beinert E. Mineral Composition of Sound Dentin of Noncarious and Carious Teeth. J Dent Res. 1970;49:456. doi:10.1177/00220345700490024401.
  8. Elliott JC, Anderson P, Gao XJ, Wong FS, Davis GR, Dowker SE. Application of scanning microradiography and x-ray microtomography to studies of bones and teeth. J Xray Sci Technol. 1994;102-117. doi:10.3233/XST-1994-4204.
  9. Boyde A, Elliott JC, Bromage TG, Anderson P, Davis G, Collier J, hausner WS, Mechanic GI, Katz EP, Arnaud SB, Durnova GN. Quantitive mineralization density mapping of space flight rat femoral bone at submicron resolution: BSE calibrated by CT. Bone tooth Soc Meeting. Bone. 1990;11:p217.
  10. Coklica V, Brudenvold F. Density fraction in human enamel. Arch Oral Biol 1966;11(12):1261-1268. doi:10.1016/0003-9969(66)90018-5.
  11. Bembey AK, Oyen ML, Ko CC, Bushby AJ, Boyde A. Elastic Modulus and Mineral Density of Dentin and Enamel in Natural Caries Lesions. Mater Res Soc. 2011;874:15. doi:10.1557/PROC-874-L5.15.
  12. Davis GR, Wong FS. X-ray microtomography of bones and teeth. Physiol Meas. 1996;17:121-146. doi:10.1088/0967-3334/17/3/001.
  13. Clementino-Luedenmann TNR, Kunzelmann KH. Mineral concentration of natural human teeth by a commercial micro-CT. Dent Mater J 2006;25(1):113-119. doi:10.4012/dmj.25.113.
  14. Efeoglu N, Wood D, Efeoglu C. Microcomputerised tomography evaluation of 10% carbamide peroxide applied to enamel. J Dent. 2005;33(7):561-567. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2004.12.001.
  15. Jacquet W, Nyssen E, Bottenberg P, Truyen B, Groen P de. 2D image registration using focused mutual information for application in dentistry. Comput Biol Med. 2009;39(6):545-553. doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2009.03.011.
  16. Verdelis K, Szabo-Rogers HL, Xu Y, Chong R, Kang R, Cusack BJ, Jani P, Boskey AL, Qin C, Beniash E. Accelerated enamel mineralization in Dspp mutant mice. Matrix Biol. 2016;52:246-259. doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2016.01.003.
  17. Watanabe Y. Derivation of linear attenuation coefficients from CT numbers for low-energy photons. Phys Med Biol. 1999;44:2201-2211. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/44/9/308.
  18. Roberson TM, Heymann HO, Swift EJ. Student's art and science of operative dentistry. 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2001.
  19. Barrett JF, Keat N. Artifacts in CT: recognition and avoidance. Radiographics. 2004;24:1679-1691. doi:10.1148/rg.246045065.
  20. Galperin A, Margel D, Baniel J, Dank G, Biton H, Margel S. Radiopaque iodinated polymeric nanoparticles for X-ray imaging applications. Biomaterials. 2007;28(30):4461-4468. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.06.032
  21. Mjor IA, Nordahl I. The density and branching of dentinal tubules in human teeth. Archs Oral Biol. 1996;41(5):401-412. doi:10.1016/0003-9969(96)00008-8.
  22. Mannocci F, Pilecki P, Bertelli E, Watson TF. Density of dentinal tubules affects the tensile strength of root dentin. Dent Mater. 2004;20(3): 293-296. doi:10.1016/S0109-5641(03)00106-4.
  23. Palamara J, Phakey PP, Rachinger WA, Orams HJ. The ultrastructure of spindles and tufts in human dental enamel. Adv Dent Res. 1989;3(2): 249-25. doi:10.1177/08959374890030022601.