• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.325-337
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• 2003

한국인의 상용 가공식품 중 tram 지방산 함량이 많고 섭취빈도가 상대적으로 높은 41종을 선정하여, trans 지방산 이성체의 종류 및 함량을 GC/MS를 사용하여 분석하였다. HP-23 cis/trans FAME capillary column을 사용하였으며, 검출된 peak의 동정은 GC/MS spectrum을 검색하여 동일분자량 여부로 확인하였다. 마가린류는 trans 지방산 함량이 지방 100g당 4.75~25.21g으로 다양한 수준을 보였다. 마가린의 주요 trans 지방산 이성 체는 C18:1 $\Delta$9t로 모든 마가린에서 검출되었으며 1.10~14.53%의 범위였다. C18:2t의 총 함량은 2.02~7.91%의 범위로 다양하였으며, C18:3t는 0.33~l.39%의 수준이었다. 유지류의 trans 지방산 함량은 지방 100g당 5.40~16.558의 범위였으며, 대두유에서는 Cl8:1$\Delta$9t가 0.95%로 가장 높았으나, 옥수수유에서는 확인되지 않았으며, 쇼트닝은 3.1~5.1%로 1.6~4.3%인 라드보다 높은 수준이었다. 우유 및 유제품에서는 C16:1 $\Delta$9t, C18:1 $\Delta$9t, C18:2t 및 C18:3t가 골고루 분포되어 있었다. 양념류인 마요네즈에서는 C16:1$\Delta$9t가 확인되지 않았으나 4.93%의 trans 지방산이 검출되었다. 과자류 중 trans 지방산 함량이 현저하게 높은 팝콘(48%)에서 C16:l$\Delta$9t는 검출되지 않았으나 C18:1$\Delta$9t는 36%의 함량을 나타내었다. 빵류에서는 C18:1 $\Delta$9t가 trans 지방산 이성 체중 가장 높은 함량을 보였으며, 냉동피자의 C18:1 $\Delta$9t 함량은 30%를 초과하는 높은 함량을 보였다. 슈크림 빵은 높은 C18:2t 함량을 보였으며(8.26%), 불고기버거와 피쉬버거의 C18:2t trans 지방산 함량은 3.26%와 3.34%로 비슷한 수준이었다. 육가공품 및 튀김류 중 냉동 닭튀김과 냉동 감자튀김의 trans 지방산 함량이 15%~l9%의 수준으로 높았으며, C18:1$\Delta$9t과 C18:2t가 그 주된 성분이었다. 돼지고기구이 (목살)에서는 C18:1$\Delta$9t는 확인되지 않았으며, 냉동감자튀김에서는 C16:1 $\Delta$9t이 검출되지 않았다. 1회 분량 당 trans지방산 함량이 높은 식품은 팝콘, 냉동피자, 감자튀김과 닭튀김, 빵류 등의 순으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.343-352
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• 2015

H9 is an ethanol extract prepared from nine traditional/medicinal herbs. This study was focused on the anticancer effect of H9 in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. The effects of H9 on cell viability, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP; ${\Delta}\psi_{m}$), and apoptosisrelated protein expression were investigated in A549 human lung cancer cells. In this study, H9-induced apoptosis was confirmed by propidium iodide staining, expression levels of mRNA were determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, protein expression levels were checked by western blot analysis, and MMP (${\Delta}\psi_{m}$) was measured by JC-1 staining. Our results indicated that H9 decreased the viability of A549 cells and induced cell morphological changes in a dose-dependent manner. H9 also altered expression levels of molecules involved in the intrinsic signaling pathway. H9 inhibited Bcl-xL expression, whereas Bax expression was enhanced and cytochrome C was released. Furthermore, H9 treatment led to the activation of caspase-3/caspase-9 and proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; the MMP was collapsed by H9. However, the expression levels of extrinsic pathway molecules such as Fas/FasL, TRAIL/TRAIL-R, DR5, and Fas-associated death receptor were downregulated by H9. These results indicated that H9 inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis by activating intrinsic pathways but not extrinsic pathways in human lung cancer cells. Our results suggest that H9 can be used as an alternative remedy for human non-small-cell lung cancer.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.187-194
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 산딸기 잎의 항비만 기능성 소재로서의 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 3T3-L1 지방전구세포에 산딸기 잎 추출물을 처리한 후 중성지방 함량을 측정하고 지방생성과 관련된 여러 단백질의 발현 양상을 측정하였다. 산딸기 잎은 열수로 추출·농축하여 시료로 사용하였으며 추출물의 수율은 4.76%였다. 산딸기 잎 추출물에 의한 3T3-L1 세포 생존율을 측정한 결과, 1,000 ㎍/mL 농도에서 13%의 성장 저해를 확인할 수 있었다. 이에 본 연구에서 시료 처리 농도를 500 ㎍/mL까지 처리하여 실험을 진행하였다. 세포 내 중성지방의 생성은 농도의존적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 감소율은 대조군에 비하여 농도 100, 300, 500 ㎍/mL에서 각각 28.7, 40.8, 51.6%를 나타내었다. 또한 PPARγ, C/EBPα 및 SREBP-1c, FAS 및 ACC의 발현 억제, p-AMPK 발현 증가로 지방합성이 억제되는 것을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과, 산딸기 잎 추출물이 지방세포 분화 및 지방생성 관련 인자들을 조절함으로서 비만 개선 소재로서의 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.131-135
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• 2015

Two new bitter-tasting cyclic peptides comprising six amino acids, namely gamakamide C and D, were isolated from cultured oysters Crassostrea gigas. Dimethylaminoazobenzene sulfonyl-amino acid analysis detected Val and Leu in gamakamide C and Ile and Leu in gamakamide D. The molecular formula of gamakamide C was determined as $C_{43}H_{60}N_{7}O_8S$ by high-resolution fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy (HR FAB-MS) ($[M+H]^+m/z822.4200{\Delta}-2.4mmu$), and that of gamakamide D was determined as $C_{43}H_{62}N_7O_8S$ by HR FAB-MS ($[M+H]^+m/z836.4379{\Delta}-2.0mmu$). Comparison of amino acid analyses and fragment ions by MS/MS among gamakamide C, D, and E (known), the structures of gamakamide C and D were confirmed $as-{\small{L}}-Val-{\small{L}}-Met(SO)-{\small{L}}-NMe-Phe-{\small{L}}-Leu-{\small{D}}-Lys-{\small{L}}-Phe-$ and $-{\small{L}}-Ile-{\small{L}}-Met(SO)-{\small{L}}-NMe-Phe-{\small{L}}-Leu-{\small{D}}-Lys-{\small{L}}-Phe-$, respectively.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.395-411
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• 2020

Background: This study investigated the anti-obesity effect of the flavonoid rich fraction (FRF) and its constituent, rutin obtained from the leaf of Morus alba L., on the lipid accumulation mechanism in 3T3-L1 adipocyte and C57BL/6 mouse models. Methods and Results: In Oil Red O staining, FRF (1,000 ㎍/㎖) treatments showed inhibition rate of 35.39% in lipid accumulation compared to that in the control. AdipoRedTM assay indicated that the triglyceride content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with FRF (1,000 ㎍/㎖) was reduced to 23.22%, and free glycerol content was increased to 106.04% that of the control. FRF and its major constituent, rutin affected mRNA gene expression. Rutin contributed to the inhibition of Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) gene expression, and inhibited the transcription factors SREBP-1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). In addition, the effect of FRF administration on obesity development in C57BL/6 mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) was investigated. FRF suppressed weight gain, and reduced liver triglyceride and leptin secretion. FRF exerted potential anti-inflammatory effects by improving insulin resistance and adiponectin levels, and could thus be used to help counteract obesity. The mRNA expressions of PPAR-γ, FAS, ACC, and CPT-1 were determined in liver tissue. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was also performed to evaluate the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in epididymal adipose tissue. Compared to the control group, mice fed the HFD showed the up-regulation in PPAR-γ, FAS, IL-6, and TNF-α genes, and down-regulation in CPT1 gene expression. FRF treatement markedly reduced the expression of PPAR-γ, FAS, IL-6, and TNF-α compared to those in HFD control, whereas increased the expression level of CPT1. Conclusions: These results suggest that the FRF and its major active constituent, rutin, can be used as effective anti-obesity agents.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.815-822
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• 2012

Resveratrol 유도체의 일종으로 stilbene계열 물질인 piceatannol은 암세포의 증식을 억제하고 apoptosis를 유발하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 A549 인체 폐암세포를 대상으로 piceatannol에 의한 암세포 증식억제와 연관된 부가적인 기전연구를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과에서 piceatannol이 A549 세포에서 extrinsic 및 intrinsic pathway의 동시 활성을 통하여 apoptosis를 유발하였음을 Fas/FasL의 발현 증가와 caspase-8 및 -9의 활성증가로 확인하였다. 또한 piceatannol은 caspase-3의 활성을 증가시켰으며, caspase-3의 다양한 표적 단백질들의 발현 감소가 동반되었다. 아울러 piceatannol에 의한 apoptosis 유발 과정은 iNOS의 발현 감소에 의한 NO의 생성 억제와도 연관성이 있었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2022

Objective: This study investigated the impact of two stimulation protocols using highly purified human menopausal gonadotropin (HP-hMG) on the endocrine profile, follicular fluid soluble Fas levels, and outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. Methods: This prospective clinical trial included 100 normal-responder women undergoing ovarian stimulation for ICSI; 55 patients received concomitant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) plus HP-hMG from the start of stimulation, while 45 patients received FSH followed by HP-hMG during mid/late follicular stimulation. The primary outcome was the number of top-quality embryos. The secondary outcomes were the number and percentage of metaphase II (MII) oocytes and the clinical pregnancy rate. Results: The number of MII oocytes was significantly higher in the concomitant protocol (median, 13.0; interquartile range [IQR], 8.5-18.0 vs. 9.0 [8.0-13.0] in the consecutive protocol; p=0.009); however, the percentage of MII oocytes and the fertilization rate were significantly higher in the consecutive protocol (median, 90.91; IQR, 80.0-100.0 vs. 83.33 [75.0-93.8]; p=0.034 and median, 86.67; IQR, 76.9-100.0 vs. 77.78 [66.7-89.9]; p=0.028, respectively). No significant between-group differences were found in top-quality embryos (p=0.693) or the clinical pregnancy rate (65.9% vs. 61.8% in the consecutive vs. concomitant protocol, respectively). The median follicular fluid soluble Fas antigen level was significantly higher in the concomitant protocol (9,731.0 pg/mL; IQR, 6,004.5-10,807.6 vs. 6,350.2 pg/mL; IQR, 4,382.4-9,418.4; p=0.021). Conclusion: Personalized controlled ovarian stimulation using HP-hMG during the late follicular phase led to a significantly lower response, but did not affect the quality of ICSI.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.15-19
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• 2012

A new cyclic peptide (six-membered amino acid), gamakamide-E (L-Leu-L-Met (SO)-L-Me-Phe-L-Leu-D-Lys-L-Phe), was isolated as a strongly bitter tasting compound from cultured oysters, Crassostrea gigas. The molecular formula of $C_{43}H_{61}N_7O_8S$ was deduced from high resolution fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (HR FAB-MS) ($[M+H]^+$ m/z 836.4356 ${\Delta}$= -2.4 mmu). Its unique structure including a hydantoin structure was firstly elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Stereochemistries of constituent amino acids were determined by chiral high performanced liquid chromatography analysis of natural and synthesized peptides.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2009

Gelatin hydrolysates with a high inhibitory activity against angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) were fractionated from Alaska pollock surimi refiner discharge. The ACE-inhibitory activity, expressed as $IC_{50}$ (mg/mL), was highest (0.49 mg/mL) in gelatin hydrolysates formed by sequential 2-hr treatments of Pronase and Flavourzyme. After fractionation through four different membrane filters with molecular weight cut-offs of 3, 5, 10, and 30 kDa, the highest ACE-inhibitory activity (0.21 mg/mL) was observed with the 3-kDa filtrate.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2012

An improved strain of the red seaweed Porphyra suborbiculata containing an increased amount of the essential amino acid L-lysine was obtained through mutation and analog enrichment. Mutagenesis using a 10% lethal dose of ultraviolet irradiation and an enrichment culture with the L-lysine analog aminoethyl-L-cysteine (AEC) was repeated to select the most productive strain using monospores of P. suborbiculata. The concentrations of AEC required to produce 50 and 100% inhibition of survival were 60 and 115 mM in the parent strain, and 72 and 135 mM in the selected AEC-resistant strain, respectively. The AEC-resistant strain, L130, produced 1.74-fold more lysine compared to its parent strain. Thus, mutagenesis with analog enrichment shows promise for selecting seaweed strains that can overproduce this essential amino acid.