• 대한수학회보
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• 제60권5호
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• pp.1295-1298
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• 2023

It is known that the complex projective space ℂℙⁿ admits a spin structure if and only if n is odd. In this paper, we provide another proof that ℂℙ^2m does not admit a spin structure, by using a circle action.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.1241-1246
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• 2010

Ternary Cu/ZnO/$Al_2O_3$ catalysts were prepared by a co-precipitation method. The precursor structures were monitored during the aging. The first precipitate structure was amorphous georgeite, which transformed into the unknown crystalline structure. The transition crystalline structure was assigned to the crystalline georgeite, which was suggested with elemental analysis, IR and XRD. The final structure of precursors was malachite. The Cu surface area of the resulting Cu/ZnO/$Al_2O_3$ was maximized to be 30.6 $m^2$/g at the aging time of 36 h. The further aging rapidly decreased Cu surface areas of Cu/ZnO/$Al_2O_3$. ZnO characteristic peaks in oxide samples almost disappeared after 24 h aging, indicating that ZnO was dispersed in around bulk CuO. TOF of the prepared catalysts of the Cu surface area ranges from 13.0 to 30.6 $m^2/g_{cat}$ was to be 2.67 ${\pm}$ 0.27 mmol/$m^2$.h in methanol synthesis at the condition of $250^{\circ}C$, 50 atm and 12,000 mL/$g_{cat}$. h irrespective of the XRD and TPR patterns of CuO and ZnO structure in CuO/ZnO/$Al_2O_3$. The pH of the precipitate solution during the aging time can be maintained at 7 by $CO_2$ bubbling into the precipitate solution. Then, the decrease of Cu surface area by a long aging time can be prevented and minimize the aging time to get the highest Cu surface area.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.230-239
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• 2020

Previous studies have shown disrupted synaptic plasticity and neural activity in depression. Such alteration is strongly associated with disrupted synaptic structures. Chronic stress has been known to induce changes in dendritic structure in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), but antidepressant effect on structure of these brain areas has been unclear. Here, the effects of imipramine on dendritic spine density and morphology in BLA and mPFC subregions of stressed mice were examined. Chronic restraint stress caused depressive-like behaviors such as enhanced social avoidance and despair level coincident with differential changes in dendritic spine structure. Chronic stress enhanced dendritic spine density in the lateral nucleus of BLA with no significant change in the basal nucleus of BLA, and altered the proportion of stubby or mushroom spines in both subregions. Conversely, in the apical and basal mPFC, chronic stress caused a significant reduction in spine density. The proportion of stubby or mushroom spines in these subregions overall reduced while the proportion of thin spines increased after repeated stress. Interestingly, most of these structural alterations by chronic stress were reversed by imipramine. In addition, structural changes caused by stress and blocking the changes by imipramine were corelated well with altered activation and expression of synaptic plasticity-promoting molecules such as phospho-CREB, phospho-CAMKII, and PSD-95. Collectively, our data suggest that imipramine modulates stress-induced changes in synaptic structure and synaptic plasticity-promoting molecules in a coordinated manner although structural and molecular alterations induced by stress are distinct in the BLA and mPFC.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 알코올 측정용 센서의 광학적 특성 향상을 위한 고유한 광학적 구조를 제안하였으며, 모의해석을 실시하였다. 광 도파관은 한쪽에 공통초점을 갖는 두 개의 타원형 광 도파관으로 구성되었으며, 각 광 도파관의 서로 다른 초점에 적외선 광원과 적외선 센서를 갖는다. 두 타원형 광 도파관의 각도가 30도에서 90도로 증가시켰을 때, 단위면적당 최대 입사광량은 $2.23{\times}10^6W/m^2$에서 $5.74{\times}10^5W/m^2$로 감소하였다. 그러나 조사 빔의 반지름은 1.86 mm로 최소값을 나타내었고, 전체 입사 에너지는 90도 각도를 갖는 구조와 비교하여 약 10 % 작은 값을 보였다. 모의해석 결과로부터 본 논문에 제안한 구조는 긴 흡수파장을 갖는 광학적 가스센서의 감도향상에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.345-352
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• 1998

A Korean endemic and evergreen small tree ' Dendropanax morbifera $L_{EV}$.(Araliaceae)' is a component of evergreen forest and mainly idstributein sourthern region and islands in Korea. A local population of D. morbifera which is located between evergreen and deciduous forest within 50m x 50m quadrate was investigated to ascertain the change of population structure, emergence and growth dynamics of seedlings and saplings, and pattern of spatial distribution by the temproal and spatial expansion of population . The result of analysis of population structure by Importnace Value(IV), evergreen forest showed a high species diversity of evergreen tree species such as Cinnamomum japonicum, Machilus japonica, Neolitsea serica, Daphniphyllum macropodum, Ligustrum japonicum, and etc, in middle and under story than in upper story where Camelia japonica and Quercus acuta were dominant. And in conterminous deciduous fores, the major component of evergreen forest in this region, Camellia japonica, Quercus acuta, evergreen tree of Lauraceae and etc. were abundant in only under story. IV of D. morbifera differed from among three story. In comparative analysis of emergence and growth dynamics of D. morbifera seedlings and saplings between evergreen and deciduous forest, emergece and density of seedlings were significantly greater in evergreen than in deciduous forest, and growth of height and basal diameter of seedlings and saplings were slightly larger in evergreen than in deciduous forest. The spatial distribution patterns by Moristia's index mapping of indivuduals using a lattice method of XY axis within this population showed that seedlings(age up to 2 years) and saplings (age>2 years and height<1m) both evergreen and deciduous forest were more or less aggregated apart from mature trees, and thougth intermediate trees(height>1m and dbh<10cm) had a aggregated distribution pattern, mature trees(dbh>10cm were uniform. In conclusion , the expansion of D. morbfera population from evergreen to deciduous forest accompanied with a mumber of evergreen woody species, and also, emergence and recruitment, and growth of seedlings were greatly influenced moisture and canopy by around community structure.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1987년도 전기.전자공학 학술대회 논문집(II)
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• pp.1125-1128
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• 1987

This paper proposes a method which distributes the structure data represented by a tree and handles it. To distribute and handle the structure data, this method partitions a structure data and distributes the partitioned structure in multiple processing element and allocates the partitioned structure. Each processing element includes the structure memory to store the partitioned structure and the structure controller to handle efficiently the distributed structure. As the structure is distributed and is stored in the structure memory and is handled by the structure controller, the processing time is reduced.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 ITC-CSCC -1
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• pp.542-544
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• 2002

This paper proposes a wavelength sensor based on the optical directional coupler. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) is used in analysis of the field intensity of tile light propagating thorough the structure. The device with tile width of 0.4 $\mu\textrm{m}$ and the thickness of 0.4 $\mu\textrm{m}$, which corresponding with the coupling length of 40$\mu\textrm{m}$, would provide tile linear relationship between the coupling efficiency against the wavelength. The device can sense the wavelength in a range between 1.5$\mu\textrm{m}$ and 1.6$\mu\textrm{m}$, with continuous resolution. The wide wavelength could be also done be paralleling th light to a number of wavelength-sensing modules with particularly required bands. Therefore, it could be employed as the wavelength sensing for most optical communications, optoelectronics, laser applications and etc.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.208-220
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• 1997

To asses the stability of structure around shaft during the excavation of -300 ml hopper room at 2nd shaft in Jangsung mine, some measurements were made with blast monitoring, stressmeter, extensometer and inclinometers. Instrumentations proved to be reliable and data were montiored over six month period. Stressmeters were set at the points of wall and arch of inset gang(level). Induced stresses were measured with the magnitude of 2.81 kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$(tensile stress) and -4.45kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$(compressive stress) respectively. These values were converged after two months. The magnitude of axial force in rock bolt was measured with 1.98 ton between the points of M2(2.25m) and M3(1.5 m) but this value was assumed within allowable level. Maximum displacement was also measured with 2 mm at the dephs of 12m from surface. But this value belongs within guide level.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2003

m-Phenylene-linked biscarbenes, bisnitrenes and carbenonitrenes can be formed photochemically from appropriate nitrogenous precursors. Generation of such reactive intermediates under matrix-isolation conditions allows for their characterization by spectroscopic techniques such as ESR, UV /vis and IR. The latter method is also useful in characterizing secondary products derived from these reactive intermediates. Computational chemistry methods complement experimental IR data, aiding, thus, in identification of such compounds. In addition electronic structure calculations help in developing qualitative and semi-quantitative models, which can be useful in predicting ground-state multiplicities. The parent systems of m-phenylene-linked carbenes and nitrenes have high-spin ground states, but a switching to lower multiplicity can be achieved by chemical substitution. The ground state and various low-lying excited states of m-phenylenecarbenonitrenes can be reasonably approximated by simple valence-bond depictions. Finally, m-phenylenecarbenonitrenes are photoreactive in the inert matrix isomerizing to cyclopropene derivatives.

• 전자공학회논문지C
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• 제35C권2호
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• pp.71-79
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• 1998

In this paper, we propose a new mART(modified ART) neural network by combining the winner neuron definition method of SOM(self-organizing map) and the real-time adaptive clustering function of ART(adaptive resonance theory) and construct it in a modular structure, for the purpose of organizing the feature maps of three dimensional targets. Being constructed in a modular structure, the proposed modular mART can effectively prevent the clusters from representing multiple classes and can be trained to organze two dimensional distortion invariant feature maps so as to recognize targets with three dimensional distortion. We also present the recognition result and self-organization perfdormance of the proposed modular mART neural network after carried out some experiments with 14 tank and fighter target models.