• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.607-621
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• 2015

Wireless sensor technology has been opened up numerous opportunities to advanced health and maintenance monitoring of civil infrastructure. Compare to the traditional tactics, it offers a better way of providing relevant information regarding the condition of building structure health at a lower price. Numerous domestic buildings, especially longer-span buildings have a low frequency response and challenging to measure using deployed numbers of sensors. The way the sensor nodes are connected plays an important role in providing the signals with required strengths. Out of many topologies, the dense and sparse topologies wireless sensor network were extensively used in sensor network applications for collecting health information. However, it is still unclear which topology is better for obtaining health information in terms of greatest components, node's size and degree. Theoretical and computational issues arising in the selection of the optimum topology sensor network for estimating coverage area with sensor placement in building structural monitoring are addressed. This work is an attempt to fill this gap in high-rise building structural health monitoring application. The result shows that, the sparse topology sensor network provides better performance compared with the dense topology network and would be a good choice for monitoring high-rise building structural health damage.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.177-197
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• 2011

This study was designed to develop the evaluation scale for health-grade of families. For this goal the related references and the programs of Healthy-Families-Center were analyzed. In the context with the goals and objects of programs in Healthy-Families-Center the index for the evaluation the health-grade of families was deducted. And the concrete items of health-grade of families in 3 parts(R: relation, M: management, E: environment) was discussed. In order to verify the validity and significance of the scale the survey for 200 samples was performed and the data from 191 samples was statistically analyzed. We suggested the application methods of this evaluation scale for health-grade of families. So the 8 types of families were came out: RME, RMe, RmE, rME, Rme, rMe, rmE, rme. Using this type of families the consulting and counselling for the enhancement of health-grade can be developed. We reached the conclusion that this evaluation scale has to be continuously developed and eleborated because the health-grade of families is one of the most important index for the effect of programs of Healthy Families Center.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.35-47
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• 2019

In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was employed to detect 26 antidiabetic compounds in adulterated dietary supplements using a simple, selective method. The work presented herein may help prevent incidents related to food adulteration and restrict the illegal food market. The best separation was obtained on a Shiseido Capcell Pak(R) C18 MG-II ($2.0mm{\times}100mm$, $3{\mu}m$), which improved the peak shape and MS detection sensitivity of the target compounds. A gradient elution system composed of 0.1 % (v/v) formic acid in distilled water and methanol at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min for 18 min was utilized. A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization source operated in the positive or negative mode was employed as the detector. The developed method was validated as follows: specificity was confirmed in the multiple reaction monitoring mode using the precursor and product ion pairs. For solid samples, LOD ranged from 0.16 to 20.00 ng/mL and LOQ ranged from 0.50 to 60.00 ng/mL, and for liquid samples, LOD ranged from 0.16 to 20.00 ng/mL and LOQ ranged from 0.50 to 60.00 ng/mL. Satisfactory linearity was obtained from calibration curves, with $R^2$ > 0.99. Both intra and inter-day precision were less than 13.19 %. Accuracies ranged from 80.69 to 118.81 % (intra/inter-day), with a stability of less than 14.88 %. Mean recovery was found to be 80.6-119.0 % and less than 13.4 % RSD. Using the validated method, glibenclamide and pioglitazone were simultaneously determined in one capsule at concentrations of 1.52 and 0.53 mg (per capsule), respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.234-240
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• 2021

Background: Various truncal block techniques with ultrasonography (USG) are becoming widespread to reduce postoperative pain and opioid requirements in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). The primary aim of our study was to determine whether the USG-guided serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) is as effective as the thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) in VATS. Our secondary aim was to evaluate patient and surgeon satisfaction, block application time, first analgesic time, and length of hospital stay. Methods: Patients in Group SAPB received 0.4 mL/kg bupivacaine with a USG-guided SAPB, and patients in Group TPVB received 0.4 mL/kg bupivacaine with a USG-guided TPVB. We recorded the pain scores, the timing of the first analgesic requirement, the amount of tramadol consumption, and postoperative complications for 24 hours. We also recorded the block application time and length of hospital stay. Results: A total of 62 patients, with 31 in each group (Group SAPB and Group TPVB) completed the study. Between the two groups, there were no significant differences in rest and dynamic pain visual analog scale scores at 0, 1, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery. The total consumption of tramadol was significantly lower in the TPVB group (P = 0.026). The block application time was significantly shorter in Group SAPB (P < 0.001). Conclusions: An SAPB that is applied safely and rapidly as a part of multimodal analgesia in patients who undergo VATS is not inferior to the TPVB and can be an alternative to it.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1995

In conclusion, tremendous potential exists for the application of animal biotechnology to the beef industry, especially with the utilization of embryo cloning to produce genetically identical animals and genetic engineering to modify animal genomes to improve and /or create new phenotypes for many economically important traits. Research involving embryo cloning and genetic engineering of animals has been continuous now for over a decade, however inefficiencies in techniques have prevented large scale application. large numbers of identical cattle will some day be produced and producers will be utilizing transgenic cattle in their beef production programs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.213-232
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• 2009

This document was prepared to review and summarize the analytical methods for airborne and bulk asbestos. Basic principles, shortcomings and advantages for asbestos analytical instruments using phase contrast microscopy(PCM), polarized light microscopy(PLM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were reviewed. Both PCM and PLM are principal instrument for airborne and bulk asbestos analysis, respectively. If needed, analytical electron microscopy is employed to confirm asbestos identification. PCM is used originally for workplace airborne asbestos fiber and its application has been expanded to measure airborne fiber. Shortcoming of PCM is that it cannot differentiate true asbestos from non asbestos fiber form and its low resolution limit ($0.2{\sim}0.25{\mu}m$). The measurement of airborne asbestos fiber can be performed by EPA's Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA) method, World Health Organization (WHO) method, International Standard Organization (ISO) 10312 method, Japan's Environmental Asbestos Monitoring method, and Standard method of Indoor Air Quality of Korea. The measurement of airborne asbestos fiber in workplace can be performed by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 7400 method, NIOSH 7402 method, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) ID-160 method, UK's Health and Safety Executive(HSE) Methods for the determination of hazardous substances (MDHS) 39/4 method and Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) CODE-A-1-2004 method of Korea. To analyze the bulk asbestos, stereo microscope (SM) and PLM is required by EPA -600/R-93/116 method. Most bulk asbestos can be identified by SM and PLM but one limitation of PLM is that it can not see very thin fiber (i.e., < $0.25{\mu}m$). Bulk asbestos analytical methods, including EPA-600/M4-82-020, EPA-600/R-93/116, OSHA ID-191, Laboratory approval program of New York were reviewed. Also, analytical methods for asbestos in soil, dust, water were briefly discussed. Analytical electron microscope, a transmission electron microscope equipped with selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and energy dispersive X-ray analyser(EDXA), has been known to be better to identify asbestiform than scanning electron microscope(SEM). Though there is no standard SEM procedures, SEM is known to be more suitable to analyze long, thin fiber and more cost-effective. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) imaging protocol was developed to identify asbestos fiber. Although many asbestos analytical methods are available, there is no method that can be applied to all type of samples. In order to detect asbestos with confidence, all advantages and disadvantages of each instrument and method for given sample should be considered.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.759-766
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to improve the functionality of a healthy drink with examining the possibility of manufacturing different enzymes (alpha-, beta-, glucose-amylase) in barley malts (BM) produced in various malting periods. The study showed that enzyme treatment increased significantly total polyphenol content (TPC), DPPH radical scavenging activity and hydroxly radical scavenging activity in malted liquid samples (MLS) which obtained from various malting periods. The highest of TPC were found in Gluco-24M with 1.981 mgTAE/ml, followed by Beta-24M and Alpha-72M with 1.878 mgTAE/ml and 1.845 mgTAE/ml, respectively. The DPPH result revealed that percent of inhibition increased by 71-75% compared to the control. No statistical difference was found between MLS obtained by 24 hr of malting (24 M) and 72 hr of malting (72 M) after enzyme treatment. In addition, an increasing of hydroxyl radical was in the same trend to the TPC and DPPH. The hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of enzyme treated samples was 1,5 times higher than the control. These results suggest the possibility of enzyme application to barley malts obtained in various germination periods for improving quality and functionality of barley malts.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.622-634
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• 2013

The multi-origin of obesity and its associated diseases made it's a complex area of biomedical science research and severe health disorder. From the 1970s to onwards this health problem turned to an epidemic without having any report of declining yet and it created a red alert to the health sector. Meanwhile, many animal models have been developed to study the lethal effect of obesity. In consequence, many drugs, therapies and strategies have already been adopted based on the findings of those animal models. However, many complicated things based on molecular and generic mechanism has not been clarified to the date. Thus, it is important to develop a need based animal model for the better understanding and strategic planning to eliminate/avoid the obesity disorder. Therefore, the present review would unveil the pros and cons of presently established animal models for obesity research. In addition, it would indicate the required turning direction for further obesity and obesity based disease research.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.430-433
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• 2011

산불 진화에 사용되는 지상 주력 장비를 대상으로 수원으로부터 호스 거리 및 고도에 따른 성능을 정량화하기 위한 현장 적용 실험을 실시하였다. 대조군으로는 담수지 형태의 수원을 사용하고 수원으로부터 고도차가 40m 수준인 예비실험을 대상으로 성능값을 비교하였다. 본 현장 적용 실험에서는 산림 내 계곡지를 수원으로 하였으며, 고도차가 150m 로 예비실험의 3.75배인 지형을 선택하였다. 고도에 따른 영향이 크지 않은 예비 실험과 비교하였을 때 고도가 높아질수록 동일 거리에서 측정한 성능값은 평균 50% 이상의 감소를 나타내었다. 그러나 수평 및 수직 거리는 20% 이내 수준의 감소를 나타내어 진화에 큰 장애 요소로는 작용하지 않았으며, 펌프압력은 소형펌프의 압력 상승이 가장 큰 상승률을 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과는 수원의 형태에 따라 용수 공급차에 기인한 것으로 안정적 용수공급 저하, 펌핑압 부하 증가, 이물질 삽입 등이 원인인 것으로 사료되며, 고도에 따른 영향 인자도 반영된 것으로 해석된다. 또한 실험을 통해 진화장비별 실제 진화대원의 적정 사용거리와 거리별 적정 소요인원을 산출할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.275-286
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• 2013

It is well known that exposure to high level of PM (particulate matter) can adversely affect human health. However, little is known about health burden of PM considering the relationship, exposed level of PM, and health level in local communities. And, there is scarcely methodical assessment of uncertainty for application to policies of these assessment results. The scope of this study is divided into two parts: firstly to estimate the death burden of PM10 (particulate matter less then $10{\mu}m$ in diameter) in Seoul metropolitan region, and secondly to evaluate potential uncertainties in these estimates. To estimate the death burden of PM10 in Seoul metropolitan region from 2005~2010, we firstly assessed the relationship between daily mean PM10 and daily death counts in Seoul from 2000~2010, and calculated the death burden of PM10 using BenMAP (Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program). After that, we identified and characterized uncertainties to substantially influence the results of death burden. The daily mortality risk was increased 1.000227 times (p-value/0.001) associated with $1{\mu}g/m^3$ increase of daily mean PM10 for all ages population, Seoul. And, death burdens of PM10 in Seoul metropolitan region were estimated from 5.51 in 2005 to 5.12 in 2010 per 100,000 people. Finally, we categorized context, model, and input uncertainty and characterized these uncertainties in three dimensions (i.e. location, level, and nature) using uncertainty typology. In our study, we argue that uncertainties need to be identified, assessed, reported and interpreted in order for assessment results to adequately support decision making, such as the establishment of air quality standards based on health burden of air quality.