• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2004

The effects of intravenously administered of high concentration of taurocholic acid (TCA) on $\alpha$-D- and $\beta$-D-mannosidase activities in rat liver lysosomes were studied. These liver lysosomal enzymes, and serum lysosomal $\alpha$-D- and $\beta$-D-mannosidase isozymes activities were determined in experimental rats with common bile duct ligation (CBDL). The liver lysosomal $\beta$-D-mannosidase activity as well as the serum lysosomal $\alpha$-D- and $\beta$-D-mannosidase isozymes activities were found to be significantly increased in the CBDL plus TCA injected group than in the control group such as CBDL alone group. However, the liver lysosomal $\alpha$-D-mannosidase activity was found to be significantly decreased in the CBDL plus TCA injected group. The above results suggest that TCA repress the biosynthesis of the lysosomal $\alpha$-D-mannosidase and induce the biosynthesis of the lysosomal $\beta$-D-mannosidase in the liver. And that the elevated serum lysosomal $\alpha$-D- and $\beta$-D-mannosidase isozymes activities are most likely due to increased hepatocyte membrane permeability caused by TCA mediated liver cell necrosis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.491-504
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• 1998

Mainly side effects of antitumor chemotheraphy are fatigue, G-Ⅰ trouble(such as vomitting, nausea, diarrhea) and reduction of medullary function etc. Differentiated from syndromes in oriental medicine, above symptoms are recognized to 'Deficiency of both ki(vital energy) and blood'. And SDT(Sipjeondaebotang) has been widely used in 'Deficiency of both ki(vital energy) and blood'. Dr. Mun's SDTG(Sipjeondaebotanggamibang) consists of SDT plus several herb medicines-these have antitumor effect and reduce chemotherapheutic side effect. This experiment was undertaken to study the effects of SDTG on chemotherapheutic side effect and cytotoxicity. The results obtained in this study were as follows: Antitumor activities of the ethanol extract from SDTG(Sipjeondaebotanggamibang) and MMC(Mytomycin) on ascitis form of calcinoma in mice is a little improved. Especialy mean survival times of the group of SDTG(200mg/kg) and MMC(0.1mg/kg) is improved over 50%. When SDTG and MMC is administrated together, the weight of tumor is more decreased than MMC alone. The effect of the ethanol extract from SDTG and MMC on the lysosomal enzymes in Ehrich ascites carcinoma cell are more significantly improved than MMC alone. SDTG extract increases both NKcell conjugation and cyto-lysis against target cell. According to the above results it is recognized that SDTG increases the chemotherapheutic cytotoxicity of MMC and the activity of NKcell.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.429-434
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• 2004

The effects of intravenous administration of high concentration of taurocholic acid (TCA) on cathepsin B and D, and acid phosphatase activities in rat liver lysosome were studied. These liver lysosomal enzymes were determined from the experimental rats with choledocho-caval shunt (CCS). The activities of liver lysosomal cathepsin B and D, and acid phosphatase were found to be significantly increased in the CCS plus TCA injection group than in control group, such as group of CCS alone group. However, these hepatic enzyme activities did not change in the CCS plus tauroursodeoxycholic acid injection group. The above results suggest that TCA stimulates the biosynthesis of the lysosomal cathepsin B and D, and acid phosphatase in the liver.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.163-170
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• 2021

Enzyme replacement therapy for lysosomal storage diseases usually requires recombinant enzymes containing mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) glycans for cellular uptake and lysosomal targeting. For the first time, a strategy is established here for the in vitro mannosyl-phosphorylation of high-mannose type N-glycans that utilizes a recombinant Mnn14 protein derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Among a series of N-terminal- or C-terminal-deleted recombinant Mnn14 proteins expressed in Pichia pastoris, rMnn1477-935 with deletion of N-terminal 76 amino acids spanning the transmembrane domain (46 amino acids) and part of the stem region (30 amino acids), showed the highest level of mannosyl-phosphorylation activity. The optimum reaction conditions for rMnn1477-935 were determined through enzyme assays with a high-mannose type N-glycan (Man8GlcNAc2) as a substrate. In addition, rMnn1477-935 was shown to mannosyl-phosphorylate high-mannose type N-glycans (Man7-9GlcNAc2) on recombinant human lysosomal alpha-glucosidase (rhGAA) with remarkably high efficiency. Moreover, the majority of the resulting mannosyl-phosphorylated glycans were bis-form which can be converted to bis-phosphorylated M6P glycans having a superior lysosomal targeting capability. An in vitro N-glycan mannosyl-phosphorylation reaction using rMnn1477-935 will provide a flexible and straightforward method to increase the M6P glycan content for the generation of "Biobetter" therapeutic enzymes.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.136-141
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• 1977

DEAE-Cellulose, Sephadex column chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used to purify acid phosphatase, aryl sulfatases, ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ and cathepsin D in n-butyl alcohol extracts of porcine leukocyte Iysosomes. The degree of purification was quite high for all enzymes studied and some could be identified by histochemical reactions.

• Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare diseases
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2017

Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of rare inherited metabolic disorders caused by the deficiency of specific lysosomal enzymes and subsequent accumulation of substrates. Enzyme deficiency leads to progressive intra-lysosomal accumulation of the incompletely degraded substances, which cause dysfunction and destruction of the cell and eventually multiple organ damage. Patients have a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes which are generally not specific for some LSDs, leading to missed or delayed diagnosis. Due to the availability of treatment including enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for some LSDs, early diagnosis is important. ERT products have been approved with optimal outcomes for some LSDs in the recent decades, including Gaucher, Fabry, mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) I, Pompe, MPS VI, MPS II, and MPS IVA diseases. ERT can stabilize the clinical condition, prevent disease progression, and improve the long-term outcome of these diseases, especially if started prior to irreversible organ damage. Based on the availability of therapy and suitable screening methods in the recent years, some LSDs, including Pompe, Fabry, Gaucher, MPS I, MPS II, and MPS VI diseases have been incorporated into nationwide newborn screening panels in Taiwan.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.29
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• pp.19.1-19.10
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• 2014

Objectives Lysosome is the cell-organelle which is commonly used as biomonitoring tool in environmental pollution. In this study, the lysosomal proteomic of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was analyzed for utilization in the detection of toxic substances in mine water samples. Methods This work informs the expression of lysosomal proteomic in yeast in response with toxic chemicals, such as sodium meta-arsenite and tetracycline, for screening specific biomarkers. After that, a recombinant yeast contained this biomarker were constructed for toxic detection in pure toxic chemicals and mine water samples. Results Each chemical had an optimal dose at which the fluorescent protein intensity reached the peak. In the case of water samples, the yeast showed the response with sample 1, 3, 4, and 5; whereas there is no response with sample 2, 6, and 7. Conclusions The recombinant yeast showed a high ability of toxic detection in response with several chemicals such as heavy metals and pharmaceuticals. In the case of mine water samples, the response varied depending on the sample content.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.569-574
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• 1990

The influence of NaCl and pH on degradation of chicken breast muscle myofibrillar proteins by porcine leukocyte lysosomal proteinases was investigated. The degradation reactions were carried out at $38^{\circ}C$ for 24hours under different conditions. The degradation of myofibrillar proteins by leukocyte lysosomal enzymes at various pH values was limited to partial hydrolysis. Reactions at higher pH values resulted in lower molecular weight degradation products while reactions at lower pH resulted in higher molecular weight degradation products. When NaCl was added into the reaction mixture, enzyme activities of degradation were increased at all pH values studied, as evidenced by NPN-analysis and SDS-PAGE. More severe degradation was observed with higher salt concentration. The concentration of 0.5M NaCl in the reaction mixture gave more degradation of myosin heavy chain by enzyme than that of 0.1M NaCl.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.191-206
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• 1997

In order to investingate the effects of Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang Extract on antitumor effects after human cell lines(A549, hep3B, Caki-1, Ehrlich) transplantation into the peritoneal cavity or right groin in mice induced by RPMI 1640 and GIBCO etc., the extracts of its herbal medicines were orally administered for 10 or 12days. Experimental studies were performed for measurance of antitumor effect of MMC(Mitomycin C) and lysosomal enzyme's activities using colony forming efficiency, SRB assay which were regarded as a valuable method for antitumor effects of unknown compound on tumor cell lines. The results obtained in this studies were as follows: 1. According to the change of colony-forming efficiency and SRB assay of Caki-1 cell, hep3B and A549 cells after exposure to the extract of Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract, that extract depressed the growth of tumor cells depending on its concentration. 2. Antitumor activities of the ethanol extract from Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract and MMC on ascites form of Ehrlich carcinoma in mice is a little improved. Especially mean survival times of the group of Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract 200mg/kg and MMC 0.1mg/kg is improved over 30%. 3. When Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract and MMC are administerated together, the weight of tumor is more decreased than MMC alone. 4. The effects of the Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract and MMC on the lysosomal enzymes in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell are more significantly improved than MMC alone. 5. Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract also increased the uptake of MMC into Ehrlich carcinoma cells. According to the above results, it could be suggested that Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract has indirect autitumor effects by strengthening the effects of MMC on tumor cells.

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.149-167
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• 1997

In order to investingate the effects of Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang Extract on antitumor effects after human cell lines(A549, hep3B, Caki-1, Ehrlich) transplantation into the peritoneal cavity or right groin in mice induced by RPMI 1640 and GIBCO etc., the extracts of its herbal medicines were orally administered for 10 or 12days. Experimental studies were performed for measurance of antitumor effect of MMC(Mitomycin C) and lysosomal enzyme's activities using colony forming efficiency, SRB assay which were regarded as a valuable method for antitumor effects of unknown compound on tumor cell lines. The results obtained in this studies were as follows: 1. According to the change of colony-forming efficiency and SRB assay of Caki-1 cell, hep3B and A549 cells after exposure to the extract of Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract, that extract depressed the growth of tumor cells depending on its concentration. 2. Antitumor activities of the ethanol extract from Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract and MMC on ascites form of Ehrlich carcinoma in mice is a little improved. Especially mean survival times of the group of Jukyeopseokgotang-gagambang extract 200mg／kg and MMC 0.1mg／kg is improved over 30%. 3. When Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract and MMC are administerated together, the weight of tumor is more decreased than MMC alone. 4. The effects of the Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract and MMC on the lysosomal enzymes in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell are more significantly improved than MMC alone. 5. Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract also increased the uptake of MMC into Ehrlich carcinoma cells. According to the above results. it could be suggested that Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract has indirect autitumor effects by strengthening the effects of MMC on tumor cells.