• Title/Summary/Keyword: lysA

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9-Meric Peptide Analogs of Defensin-like Antimicrobial Peptide Coprisin with Potent Antibacterial Activities with Bacterial Sell Selectivites

  • Shin, Areum;Lee, Eunjung;Kim, Jin-Kyoung;Bang, Jeong-Kyu;Kim, Yangmee
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.35 no.9
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    • pp.2809-2812
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    • 2014
  • The 43-residue defensin-like peptide coprisin, which is isolated from dung bettle, Copris tripartitus, is a potent antimicrobial peptide. In our previous work, we determined the tertiary structure of coprisin and found that alpha helical region of coprisin from residue 19 to residue 30 is important for its antimicrobial activities. Here, we designed cop12mer and cop9mer analogs of coprisin based on the tertiary structure of coprisin. To investigate the relationship between hydrophobicity and antimicrobial activities and develop the potent peptide antibiotics, we designed cop9mer-1 with substitution of $His^2$ with Trp in cop9mer. The results showed that cop9mer-1 has higher toxicities as well as improved antimicrobial activities compared to cop9mer. In order to reduce the toxicity of cop9mer-1, we designed cop9mer-2 and cop9mer-3 with substitution of $Cys^3$ with Lys or Ser. Substitution of $Cys^3$ with these hydrophilic amino acids results in lower cytotoxicities compared to cop9mer-1. Cop9mer-2 with substitution of $Cys^3$ with Lys in Cop9mer-1 showed high antibacterial activities against drug resistant bacteria without cytotoxicity. Antibiotic action of cop9mer-1 analog appears to involve permeabilization of the bacterial cell membrane while cop9mer-2 and cop9mer-3 may have different mechanism of action. These results imply that that optimum balance in hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity in these 9-meric peptides plays key roles in their antimicrobial activities as well as cytotoxicities.

Common Variations of DNA Repair Genes are Associated with Response to Platinum-based Chemotherapy in NSCLCs

  • Li, Xian-Dong;Han, Ji-Chang;Zhang, Yi-Jie;Li, Hong-Bing;Wu, Xue-Yan
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.145-148
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    • 2013
  • Aim: Individual differences in chemosensitivity and clinical outcome of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients may be induced by host inherited factors. We investigated the impact of XPD Arg156Arg, XPD Asp312Asn, XPD Asp711Asp and XPD Lys751Gln gene polymorphisms on the efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy in NSCLC patients. Methods: A total of 496 were consecutively selected from the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University between Jan. 2003 and Nov. 2006, and all patients were followed-up until Nov. 2011. The genotyping of XPD Arg156Arg, XPD Asp312Asn, XPD Asp711Asp and XPD Lys751Gln was conducted by duplex polymerase-chain-reaction with the confronting-two-pair primer methods. Results: Individuals with XPD 312 C/T+T/T and XPD 711 C/T+T/T exhibited poor responses to chemotherapy when compared with the wild-type genotype, with adjusted ORs(95% CI) of 0.67(0.38-0.97) and 0.54(0.35-0.96), respectively. Cox regression showed the median PFS and OS of patients of XPD 312 C/T+T/T genotype and XPD 711 C/T+T/T genotype to be significantly lower than those with wild-type homozygous genotype. Conclusion: We found polymorphisms in XPD to be associated with response to platinum-based chemotherapy in NSCLC, and our findings provide information for therapeutic decisions for individualized therapy.

Rumen Degradability and Post-ruminal Digestion of Dry Matter, Nitrogen and Amino Acids of Three Protein Supplements

  • Gao, Wei;Chen, Aodong;Zhang, Bowen;Kong, Ping;Liu, Chenli;Zhao, Jie
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.485-493
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    • 2015
  • This study evaluated the in situ ruminal degradability, and subsequent small intestinal digestibility (SID) of dry matter, crude protein (CP), and amino acids (AA) of cottonseed meal (CSM), sunflower seed meal (SFSM) and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) by using the modified three-step in vitro procedure. The ruminal degradability and subsequent SID of AA in rumen-undegradable protein (RUP-AA) varied among three protein supplements. The result show that the effective degradability of DM for SFSM, CSM, and DDGS was 60.8%, 56.4%, and 41.0% and their ruminal fermentable organic matter was 60.0%, 55.9%, and 39.9%, respectively. The ruminal degradable protein (RDP) content in CP for SFSM, CSM, and DDGS was 68.3%, 39.0%, and 32.9%, respectively, at the ruminal solid passage rate of 1.84%/h. The SFSM is a good source of RDP for rumen micro-organisms; however, the SID of RUP of SFSM was lower. The DDGS and CSM are good sources of RUP for lambs to digest in the small intestine to complement ruminal microbial AA of growing lambs. Individual RUP-AA from each protein source was selectively removed by the rumen microorganisms, especially for Trp, Arg, His, and Lys (p<0.01). The SID of individual RUP-AA was different within specific RUP origin (p<0.01). Limiting amino acid was Leu for RUP of CSM and Lys for both RUP of SFSM and DDGS, respectively. Therefore, different protein supplements with specific limitations should be selected and combined carefully in growing lambs ration to optimize AA balance.

A Study on the Amino Acid Contents of Edible Mushrooms (식용(食用)버섯류(類)의 아미노산(酸)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Pyo, Myoung-Yun;Ro, Ihl-Hyeob
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.47-59
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    • 1975
  • Free amino acids in extracts and total amino acids in hydrolysates of eleven species of edible mushrooms were analyzed by amino acid autoanalyzer (Technicon PNC-1 Type). All these 11 species of mushroom can be repesented for convenience sake as follows. S-1; Agaricus campestris Fr. S-2: Agaricus campestris S-3; Pholiota nameko(I. Ito) S. Ito et Imai S-4; Auricularia auricula-judae(Fr.) $Qu{\acute{e}}l$ S-5; Tremella fuciformis Berk. S-6; Tricholoma matsutake(S. Ito et Imai) Sing. S-7; Pleurotus ostreatus Fr. $Qu{\acute{e}}l$ S-8; Lentinus edodes Berk Sing. S-9; Ramaria botrytis (Pers.) Ricken S-10; Coprinus comatus(Fr.) S.F, Gray S-11; Gyrophora esculenta The results obtained from this study are as follows. 1) 17 kinds of amino acid, including 7 kinds of essential amino acid in human nutrition except tryptophan were identified and quantified. 2) Of all free amino acids contained in mushrooms, glutamic acid is the richest, and then comes Ala, Thr, Pro and Lys in that order. There were no found Cys'and His in S-9;His in S-1; Met and Arg in S-11; Cys and Met in S-5;Pro, Cys, Met, Lys and Arg in S-4. Of all total amino acids which are closely related with nutritional valuation, glutamic acid is the richest, and then comes Asp, Ala, Arg, Leu, Thr, Gly in that order. Especially S-1 and S-2 contain high quantity $o{\acute{i}}$ proline in both free and total amino acids. 3) Cotents of ammonia in extracts of mushrooms in decreasing order in S-1, S-10, S-8, S-2, S-7, S-6, and S-2, S-6, S-8, S-9, S-1 in hydrolysates of mushrooms. 4) Gross Contents of free amino acid in extracts is high in decreasing order in S-10, S-1, S-7, S-6, S-8, and total amino acid in hydrolysates is high in S-10, S-2, S-2, S-8, S-1, S-9, S-6. 5) Besides 17 kinds of amino acid, 5 kinds of unknown amino acid are found in extracts and hydrolysates.

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Inhibitory Action of Maillard Reaction Products Derived from Glucose Amino Acids on the Formation of N-nitrosamine (Glucose-아미노산계 Maillard 반응생성물의 니트로사민 생성억제작용)

  • 이동호;이태기;여생규;염동민;김선봉;박영호
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.137-142
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    • 1994
  • The present paper was carried out to investigate the inhibition of carcinogenic N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA) formation by Maillard reactiion products and nondialyzable melanoidins, obtiane dfrom the glucoseamino acids(Lys, Gly, Arg, His) model systems under different pH conditions(pH 1.2, 4.2 and 6.0). Maillard raction products and nondialyzable melanoidins, produced from the 4 model systems, had a inhibitory action of N-nitrosodimethylamine formation. The inhibitiondegree by the nondialyzable mealanoidins. at pH 1.2 was similar to that at pH 4.2 and that by ascorbic acid at pH 1.2 . Inhibitory action of N-nitrosodimehylamine formation by the reduced Maillard reaction products and nondialyzable melanoidins were lower than that of original samples. Accordingly, it is assumed that the inhibition of N-nitrosodimehtylamine formation of Maillard reaction products is due to their reducing powers.

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Protoplast Fusion between Zygosaccharomyces rouxii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Selected from Soy Sauce Mash (간장덧에서 선별한 Zygosaccharomyces rouxii와 Saccharomyces cerevisiae와의 Protoplast 융합)

  • Lee, Byeong-Ho;Ryu, Beung-Ho;Choi, Sung-Hee;Kim, Kwang-Hyean;Kim, Hae-Sung;Chae, Young-Zu
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.164-169
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    • 1988
  • Protoplast susion between Zygosaccharmoyces rouxii M-12 and Saccharimyces cerevusuare M-43 were investigated for breeding of a new brewing yeat strain for soy sauce. Auxotrophic mutants of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii ZRM-83 ($Met^-,\;Thr^-$) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae SCM-46 ($Lys^-,\;Arg^-$) were selected by treatment of 3.0% ethylmethane sulfonate and nutritional complementary method. Protoplast of both strains were more effective by treatment of 0.05mg/ml zymolase 20T for 60min. Fusion effeciency was much higher by treatment of 30% PEG 6,000 for 30min and fusion frequencies were $10^{-4}{\sim}10^{-5}$. These fusants originated from two protoplasts had properties of big cell size and much DNA content.

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A New Cyclophilin Inhibitor from Ganoderma lucidum: Purification and Characterization

  • Lim, Jin-Ik;Jeong, Ki-Chul;Kang, In-Sug;Kim, Soo-Ja
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.25 no.7
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    • pp.1055-1060
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    • 2004
  • A new inhibitor for peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) has been isolated from Ganoderma lucidum and purified to homogeneous state by organic solvent extraction. The purified PPIase inhibitor (GPI) is assumed to be a membrane-associated glycoprotein. GPI inhibits specifically the bovine brain PPIase, a cyclophilin, and has no effect on the FKBP activity. The results of our chemical modification study of GPI indicate the presence of Lys residue(s) at or near its binding site. Like CsA-cyclophilin complex, GPI-bovine brain PPIase complex strongly inhibits the calcineurin activity in vitro, suggesting the possible involvement of GPI in immunomodulating pathway by the formation of PPIase-inhibitor-calcineurin complex.

Gamakamide-E, a Strongly Bitter Tasting Cyclic Peptide with a Hydantoin Structure from Cultured Oysters Crassostrea gigas

  • Lee, Jong-Soo;Satake, Masayuki;Horigome, Yoichi;Oshima, Yasukatsu;Yasumoto, Takeshi
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.15-19
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    • 2012
  • A new cyclic peptide (six-membered amino acid), gamakamide-E (L-Leu-L-Met (SO)-L-Me-Phe-L-Leu-D-Lys-L-Phe), was isolated as a strongly bitter tasting compound from cultured oysters, Crassostrea gigas. The molecular formula of $C_{43}H_{61}N_7O_8S$ was deduced from high resolution fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (HR FAB-MS) ($[M+H]^+$ m/z 836.4356 ${\Delta}$= -2.4 mmu). Its unique structure including a hydantoin structure was firstly elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Stereochemistries of constituent amino acids were determined by chiral high performanced liquid chromatography analysis of natural and synthesized peptides.

Purification and Characterization of Fibrinolytic Enzyme from Tricholoma sejunctum

  • Kim, Jun-Ho
    • Biomedical Science Letters
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    • v.8 no.4
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    • pp.245-250
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    • 2002
  • Fibrinolytic enzyme has been purified from the edible mushroom, Tricholoma sejunctum using DEAE-cellulose chromatography, Phenyl-Sepharose chromatography and Mono-S column chromatography. The apparent molecular mass of purified enzyme was estimated to be 17100 Da by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 19000 Da by gel filtration, Indicating that it was a monomer. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme was Ala-Thr-Tyr-Lys-Ile-X-Ser-Ala-Thr-His-Gln-X-X-Leu-Val. It has a pH optimum at pH 9.5, suggested that purified enzyme was a alkaline protease. The activity of purified enzyme was inhibited by EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline, indicating that purified enzyme is a metalloprotease. The activity of purified enzyme was increased by Zn$^{2+}$ and Co$^{2+}$, however, the enzyme activity was totally inhibited by Hg$^{2+}$.

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HBV Polymerase Residues $Asp^{429}$ and $Asp^{551}$, Invariant at Motifs A and C are Essential to DNA Binding

  • Kim, Youn-Hee;Hong, Young-Bin;Jung, Gu-Hung
    • BMB Reports
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    • v.31 no.5
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    • pp.498-502
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    • 1998
  • HBV polymerase shares several regions of amino acid homology with other DNA-directed and RNA-directed polymerases. The amino acid residues $Asp^{429}$, $Gly^{518}$, $Asp^{551}$, $Lys^{585}$, and $Gly^{641}$ in the conserved motifs A, B', C, D, and E in the polymerase domain of HBV polymerase were mutated to alanine or histidine by in vitro site-directed mutagenesis. Those mutants were overexpressed, purified, and analyzed against DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity and affinity for DNA binding. All those mutants did not show DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activities indicating that those five amino acid residues are all critical in DNA polymerase activity. South-Western analysis shows that amino acid residues $ASp^{429}$ and $ASp^{551}$ are essential to DNA binding, and $Gly^{318}$ and $Gly^{585}$ also affect DNA binding to a certain extent.

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