• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.268-273
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• 2000

A microbiological hydrogen production process was optimized. Anaerobic photosynthetic bacteria like Rhodospirillum rubrum which is known to produce hydrogen from carbon monoxide efficiently and remove sulfur was used. To evaluate the potenital of this microorganism the optimization of media fermentation condition light intensity and light requirement for CO conversionwas tried in batch cultures and the continuous fermenter was also applied for this process. The gas residence time on CO conversion was sought out to get high conversion of carbon monoxide to hydrogen. Through this study the possibility of microbial synthtics gas concersion process was proposed.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.409-411
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• 2003

A species of facultative photo-organotrophic, purple, non-sulfur bacterium was isolated from the west coast and the south coast 47 area of Korea at 2001 September. Separated 13 samples of changes with red color under $28{\sim}32\;^{\circ}C$, 3000 lux, anaerobe conditions for 7 days cultivated in Basal medium. For a pure isolation from 13 samples it used agar-shake tube method (0.4 % agar) and it separated 5 strains through 13-repetition test. The RAPD(Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA)-PCR result of strains (EGH-9, EGH-13, EGH-23, EGH-24, EGH-30) that EGH-24 and EGH-30 was same strain. For wastewater biodegradation test that 4 isolation strains cultivated in synthesis wastewater in 7 days. EGH-24 was high 63000 mg/L (CODcr) to 43400 mg/L (CODcr). EGH-24 was selected with efficient wast water treated strain. Based on the results obtained from morphology, nutrient requirements, major bacteriochlorophyll content, 165-rDNA phylogenetic analysis, this strain may be identified as a new strain of the genus Rhodobacter and named Rhodobacter sp. EGH-24.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.448-453
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• 2010

The population of House sparrow (Passer domesticus), once a very common bird, has declined markedly in most parts of the world including India. Sparrows were distributed widely in the district Hoogly, West Bengal, India. However over the past few decades, they became not so common in this part of the wo rld. A study has been conductedto establish the database for their current population and to assess the possible causes of their decline at Bandel ($22^{\circ}$52'22''N/$88^{\circ}$22'53''E) placed beside the river Hoogly from September 2008 to May 2009. After prolonged searching, a relatively dense population of sparrow (total subject 270) was found in busy areas of railway station and a nearby market in Bandel. The behavior of these birds was studied extensively from early morning to late night. The noise level of the area varied from 35 to 95 dB with an average of 70.6 dB from 04:30 am-10:30 pm, IST. It was also observed that the sparrows took rest on the site of the tree where the illumination level was low (30-45 lux). Sparrows residing at the Bandel station are habituated with the loud noise, being undisturbed by passing trains. Thus, it can be concluded that in spite of heavy noise of trains, crowdy travelers, and lack of nest sites, they remain at the station because of availability of food in the nearby roadside market. Based on this observation, sound pollution and availability of food are not responsible for their decline.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 2002

The isolates of Cordyceps militaris preserved in EFCC, Kangwon National University were investigated to form the fruiting bodies under artificial conditions. The fruiting bodies were observed to be better in the 1l polyethylene bottle containing $60{\sim}80\;gm$ of brown rice and $100{\sim}110\;ml$ of water. Addition of $10{\sim}20\;gm$ of pupae per bottle showed higher fruiting. Similarly, addition of sucrose, peptone or hemoglobin also had favorable effect on fruiting. $25^{\circ}C\;and\;20^{\circ}C$ were favorable for mycelial growth and fruiting respectively. Light intensity of 500 lux and 12 h of light/dark period produced highest amount of fruit bodies.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.360-370
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• 1992

HWE(Hot-Wall Epitaxy) 방법에 의하여 pyrex 유리기판 위에 CdS 다결정 박막을 성장하였다. X-선 회절실험 결과 CdS 박막은 육방정이었는데 (0002)면보다 91013)면이 강 하게 성장됨을 알 수 있었다. 전자현미경으로 표면을 분석한 결과 입자의 크기는 기판의 온 도가 48$0^{\circ}C$, 증발원의 온도가 $610^{\circ}C$일 때 1~1.5$mu extrm{m}$로서 가장 컸다. 박막의 표면저항은 4-point probe로서 측정한 결과 10-8$\Omega$/\ulcorner이상이었다. 성장된 CdS 다결정 박막의 photoluminesence을 20K에서 측정하였는데 bound exciton, donor acceptor pair에 의한 발광이 관측되었다. Spectral response의 peak는 505nm이었다. CdS 다결정 박막의 표면 저항을 줄이기 위하여 여러 가지 온도에서 Indium을 확산시켰다. 그 결과 표면저항은 ~ $\times$ 101에서 ~ $\times$ 103$\Omega$/\ulcorner 정도 감소되었다. 50$0^{\circ}C$에 In을 1시간 확산시켰을 때 표면저항은 1300$\Omega$/\ulcorner이었다. 이 때 CdS : In의 운반자 농도는 1.2 $\times$ 1018cm-3, 이동도는 1.8cm-2/V-sec, 비저항은 1.3 $\times$ 10-2$\Omega$-cm이었다. CdS : In의 photoluminescence는 20K 에서 Gaussian curve를 보여 주었으며 peak의 위치는 510nm이었다. CdS : In 박막의 spectral response의 peak는 상온에서 500nm이다. CdS : In 광전도 cell의 sensitivity ${\gamma}$ =0.77이고, 최대 허용소비전력은 p=120mW, 100lux에서 rise time은 8 msec, decay time 은 6 msec이다.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.26-40
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• 2000

This study was conducted to find out residential environment, mood states, ADL(Activity Daily Living) and nursing need of the elderly who live alone. The questionnaire survey was conducted on 154 single household elderly over 65years who live n D-city, Kangwon Province. The data were collected between September 1. 1999 and October 17, 1999 and analyzed by means of SPSS package. The results were as follows; 1. The percentage of the subjects who owned their house was no were than $13\%$., which showed that they still belonged to the economically vulnerable class. As for their residential environment, the average indoor temperature and humidity level were $16.45^{\circ}C\;and\;44.62\%$ respectively during the daytime between September and October, which proved to range within the standard scope. The average indoor illumination level was, however, 43.61 Lux, which showed that their illumination environment was very poor. 2. The average score of their mood states was 3.31. which turned out to be rather low. 3. The mean score of ADL was 1.69, which showed that they didn't have any serious inconveniences in their ordinary lives. 4. The mean score of their nursing need was 275, which proved to be close to the normal level. 5. The higher the room humidity was, the higher their nursing need increased. The higher the degree of illumination level was, the lower the degree of their nursing need was and the higher the level of ADL was. 6. The major factors influencing their moon status were the frequency of their contact with children and room humidity. These two factors could account for $22\%$ of the total mood status. These results suggest that the residential environment should be necessarily considered in the psychological nursing intervention for the elderly who live alone and they should be urgently supported in terms of health policy so that they can maintain the optimum level of illumination during the daytime.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.449-455
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• 1991

The water striders, gerris paludum insularis larvae which were fed with the drosophila melanogaster cultured on the appli diet and artificial diet, were reared in the growth cabinet controlled as the two constant temperature regimes of 25 c and 30 c under the condition of photoperiod 16l : 8d, light intensity 510 240 lux, relative humidity 65 3%, and in the natural state. The effects of temperature and diet on the devolopment of g. paludum insularis were analyzed and the results were summarized as follows. 1. The total developmental period of the water strider larvae fed with the d. melanogaster reared on the apple diet at the natural stste was the longest 40 days, and the total devopmental periods at 25 c and 30 c were 35 days and 27 days respectively. The tolal developmental period of larvae fed with d. melanogaster reared on the artifical diet at 25 c was the longest 42 dats, and the total developmental periods at natural stste and 30 c were 32 days and 27 days, respectively. 2. In the larval developmental stages, the fifth stage was longer than that of any stage. The duration of egg stage which was not influenced by diet at 25 c was the longest. 3. The water strider larvae fed which the d. melanogaster reared on the artificial diet at 25 c did not complete their devolopment. 4. No significant difference was odserved in the developmentperiod for diet at 30 c. but, there were significant differences in developmental periods for diet at 25 c and natural state. 5. The rate of adult emergence on the apple diet was higher than that of the artificial diet was higher than of the artificial diet. 6. The shapes of the survivorship curve were convex-curve. 7. The development periods of the larval stages of water striders might be affected to temperature and diet dependently.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.225-241
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• 2011

The purposes of this study were to determine the actual state of the indoor environment, and to analyze the relationship between the architectural or living factors and indoor physical elements in the elderly hall at apartment complexes during winter. The field surveys consisted of measurements of the physical elements, observations of living factors, and interviews with users. The field surveys were carried out at 5 halls in February 2009. The measured elements were air temperature, relative humidity, $CO_2$, CO, PM10, TVOC, HCHO, and illumination. The results showed that the averages of indoor temperature for the hall was between $22.7{\sim}25.1^{\circ}C$, relative humidity was 22.0~48.2%, $CO_2$ level was 892.4~2066.7ppm, CO level were 0~0.4ppm, PM10 level were $22.3{\sim}31.4{\mu}g/m^3$, HCHO level was 0.00~0.24ppm, and illumination level was 94~391.6lux. TVOC level was detected at 0.00~0.54ppm in only one hall. The average clothing amount of the users was 1.18clo and activity was 0.7~1.6met. It was evaluated to be a comfortable state at indoor temperature, CO level, PM10 level, and TVOC level, but an uncomfortable state at relative humidity, $CO_2$ level, HCHO level, and illumination level. The main reason seemed to be lack of ventilation.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.696-704
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• 2013

In this paper, we introduce the LED emotional lighting system realized with the aid of both intelligent algorithm and RGB LED combined with White LED. Generally, the illumination is known as a design factor to form the living place that affects human's emotion and action in the light- space as well as the purpose to light up the specific space. The LED emotional lighting system that can express emotional atmosphere as well as control the quantity of light is designed by using both RGB LED to form the emotional mood and W LED to get sufficient amount of light. RBFNNs is used as the intelligent algorithm and the network model designed with the aid of LED control parameters (viz. color coordinates (x and y) related to color temperature, and lux as inputs, RGBW current as output) plays an important role to build up the LED emotional lighting system for obtaining appropriate color space. Unlike conventional RBFNNs, Fuzzy C-Means(FCM) clustering method is used to obtain the fitness values of the receptive function, and the connection weights of the consequence part of networks are expressed by polynomial functions. Also, the parameters of RBFNN model are optimized by using PSO(Particle Swarm Optimization). The proposed LED emotional lighting can save the energy by using the LED light source and improve the ability to work as well as to learn by making an adequate mood under diverse surrounding conditions.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1706-1712
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• 2006

Because of the need for new antimicrobial substances with novel mechanisms of action, we report here the use of an Acinetobacter reporter system for high-throughput screening of active antimicrobial agents. The bioreporter Acinetobacter strain DF4/PUTK2 carrying luciferase genes luxCDABE was chosen because of its ecological importance and it is widespread in nature. This bioreporter is genetically engineered to emit light constitutively that can be measured in real time by luminometry. Hence, this reporter system was employed to determine the bacteriostatic actions of spent-culture supernatants derived from twelve bacterial isolates. Out of the results, the strongest bioluminescence inhibitory effect of the supernatants was recorded with Bacillus cereus strain BAC (S5). Subsequently, ethyl acetate extracts of extracellular products of strain BAC (S5) were separated by a thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Based on the bioluminescence inhibitory assay, three fractions were found to have antimicrobial activity. One fraction (C) having the strongest antimicrobial activity was further purified using TLC and characterized by IR, $^1H$ NMR, mass spectrometry, SDS-PAGE, and amino acid composition analysis. The results predicted the presence of 2-pyrrolidone-S-carboxylic acid (PCA) and the octadeconic-acid-like fatty acid. Fraction C also demonstrated a broad inhibitory activity on several Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In conclusion, the Acinetobacter reporter system shows great potential to be a reliable, sensitive, and real-time indicator of the bacteriostatic actions of the antimicrobial agents.