• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.135-153
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of inpatients who were admitted to Korean medicine hospital due to low back pain. Methods The current study was designed as a retrospective chart review to investigate descriptive characteristics of LBP patients. The clinical records of 601 patients who were hospitalized for treatment of LBP in Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital, Daejeon University from 1st, January, 2013 to 31th, December, 2013 were analyzed. Results 1. Most frequently given diagnosis was sprain and strain of lumbar (45.93%). 2. Female outnumbered male patients in all disease groups except fracture of lumbar spine. 3. In distribution according to age, sprain and strain of lumbar, HNP of L-spine and lumbago with sciatica were most frequent at 30s, fracture of lumbar spine was most frequent at 50s and spinal stenosis was most frequent at 70s. 4. The most frequently motive for low back pain was traffic accident (35.4%) 5. Patients with no related medical history were 76.95% 6. 0~1week interval between onset and visit to Korean Medicine Hospital was most frequent in all disease groups. 7. 50.85% of patients went through treatment at medical institutions before the admitting to Korean Medicine Hospital. 8. The average admission days of female was higher than male's. And age goes up, average duration of admission was longer. 9. In most (74.59%) of the patients, symptoms were more than improved. 10. Most frequently prescribed examination was X-ray (65.13%). 11. Most frequently prescribed herb medicine was whal-lak-tang (Huoluo-tang). Conclusions In most (74.59%) of the patients, symptoms were more than improved, especially in sprain and strain of lumbar and lumbago with sciatica. But Patients with a local hospital statistic is not be representative of the incidence of the population. In order to obtain more accurate statistics, it is necessary to compare analysis collect statistics from other medical hospitals.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.83-95
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyze, durability of motor effort after finishing rehabilitation program and the influence from the isotonic lumbar region extension exercise after an operation according to the different operation way in invasive degrees. We selected randomly 80 patients who have no complication and musculoskeletal system diseases with finishing the 12 weeks' rehabilitation program after getting laser discectomy, but fail to conservative treatment, about Lumbar HNP, and divided into minimal invasive groups 38 and invasive groups 42 for study. As the results, in minimal invasive group, after finishing cure and 6 months later, the degree of hold muscle of women is much better than that of men. but in Invasive group, that of men is better than that of women, in case of women, the $0^{\circ}$ and $72^{\circ}$ in lumbar flexion angle have weaken or no improvement than before beginning exercise. and muscle force in $72^{\circ}$ in lumbar flexion angle increased to all men and women than before beginning exercise in Minimal invasive group. but in invasive group. it decreased. When analyze the lapsed time in Minimal invasive group, the groups who start the exercise within 3 months are better than the groups who start the exercise above 3 months after an operation the hold muscle degree all angles after finishing cure and 6 months later. Meanwhile, in invasive group, the groups who start the exercise within 3 months are better than the groups who start the exercise above 3 months after an operation about the hold muscle degree in 36-72 of lumbar flexion angle but 0-36 are not good after finishing cure and 6 months later. When analyze BMI in Minimal invasive group, the normal groups are better than the overweight groups about hold muscle degree in all angles after finishing cure and 6 months later.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 2016

Background: Neuropathic pain, including paresthesia/dysesthesia in the lower extremities, always develops and remains for at least one month, to variable degrees, after percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD). The recently discovered dual analgesic mechanisms of action, similar to those of antidepressants and anticonvulsants, enable nefopam (NFP) to treat neuropathic pain. This study was performed to determine whether NFP might reduce the neuropathic pain component of postoperative pain. Methods: Eighty patients, who underwent PELD due to herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) at L4-L5, were randomly divided into two equal groups, one receiving NFP (with a mixture of morphine and ketorolac) and the other normal saline (NS) with the same mixture. The number of bolus infusions and the infused volume for 3 days were compared in both groups. The adverse reactions (ADRs) in both groups were recorded and compared. The neuropathic pain symptom inventory (NPSI) score was compared in both groups on postoperative days 1, 3, 7, 30, 60, and 90. Results: The mean attempted number of bolus infusions, and effective infused bolus volume for 3 days was lower in the NFP group for 3 days. The most commonly reported ADRs were nausea, dizziness, and somnolence, in order of frequency in the NFP group. The median NPSI score, and all 5 median sub-scores in the NFP group, were significantly lower than that of the NS group until postoperative day 30. Conclusions: NFP significantly reduced the neuropathic pain component, including paresthesia/dysesthesia until 1 month after PELD. The common ADRs were nausea, dizziness, somnolence, and ataxia.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.197-205
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• 2007

Objectives : Herniation of Nucleus Pulposus(HNP) of Lumbar is the most important that causes low back pain. The aim of this study is to compare several therapies about Lumbar spine Hearniated Nucleus Pulposus in oriental Medecine which are Bee-venom Acpuncture and Ouhyul Herbal Acpuncture. Methods: Subjects of this research were 60 inpatients complaining Herniation of Nucleus Pulposus, and who were diagnosed as bulging disc, disc protrusion or extrusion with CT & MRI. 20 patients in each, 3 groups; Acpuncture therapy only, Bee-venom Acpuncture, and Ouhyul Herbal Acpuncture, were divided and the conclusions for treatment are as follows. Results : 1. Regarding alleviation of pain by VAS, Ouhyul Herbal Acpuncture Group III showed significant decrease of VAS in the early period of admission(5days), while Bee-venom Acpuncture Group II showed higher score of VAS compared to Acpuncture therapy only Group I. 2. On contrary, in the latter period of admission($5{\sim}9days$), Bee-venom Acpuncture Group II showed significantly higher rate of improvement than the other groups. 3. On the 9th admission day, Bee-venom Acpuncture Group II and Ouhyul Herbal Acpuncture Group III showed higher improvement than Acpuncture therapy only Group I. Between group II and III, Group II showed higher improvement rate. Conclusions : In this study, there were different effects among three groups according to period of treatment. Further study on various traatment for Herniation of Nucleus Pulposus required.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 2008

Objective : In treatment of lumbar spine herniation of nucleus pulpous, the different result in accordance with difference of sex, age, medical history, part, or type. Methods : After 49 patients who were diagnosed as HNP of L-spine were grouped by sex, age, medical history, part, or type, they were compared and analyzed on the basis of difference between measuring VAS and ODI as they were hospitalized and as they were discharged. Results : 1. In terms of differences by gender, males' average degree of VAS improvement was 63.92 and females' average degree of VAS improvement was 59.8. Also, Males' average ODI improvement index was 12.36 and females' average ODI improvement index was 12.5. 2. In terms of differences by age, Teens recorded highest degree of VAS improvement and ODI improvement index. 3. In terms of differences by medical history, Most acute or acute patients showed higher degree of VAS improvement and ODI improvement index than subacute or chronic patients. 4. There were no significant distinguishing markscomparing between one diseased part and other. 5. As the research that focused on different type, Extrusion type had better improvement by medical treatment than Protrusion type. Conclusion : This research drew the result as above, but recognizable statistical relation could not be found in the result. Therefore there needs much sustainable research to deduce meaningful result.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.2 s.46
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• pp.299-312
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• 1994

This survey was performed to obtain the basic information for the prevention and management of occupational low back injury (LBI). The subjects of this survey were 952 workers (male, 892 ; female, 60) who had taken occupational LBI in some industries of Pusan area from January 1 to December 31, 1991. Observation period was 2.6 years from the beginning to the end of medical treatment. The obtained results were summarized as follows ; 1. The proportion of LBI workers was 15.9% of the workers who had taken any occpational injuries and 0.32% of all workers in this surveyed area. 2. 8.0% of the workers had taken LBI on the 1st day of employment and 55.2% of the workers were within one year, 91.4% of the workers were within 10 years according to cumulative frequency distribution. 3. Handling of heavy objects was the most common cause of LBI (32.0%) and fall down (26.9%) and slip down (16.3%) were the next in order. 4. The most common causes of both lumbar sprain and HNP were handling of heavy objects and that of lumbar fracture was fall down. 5. The mean duration for medical treatment of LBI workers was 143 days. 6. The total direct compensation cost for LBI workers was 6,736 million Won and the proportion of medical, resting, disability compensation costs were 25.0%, 37.0%, 38.0 % respectively. 7. The percentages of retreated workers and disabled workers were 11.9% (113 persons) and 22.9% (218 persons) of total LBI workers respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5254-5260
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to find the relationship between lumber Herniated Nuclesus Pulposus of specific part and fat infiltration in paraspinal muscle. Also we intended to find the relationship between Body Mass Index(BMI) and fat infiltration ratio in the lumber paraspinal muscle based on the sexes of patients. We conducted this study of patients who visited our hospital from May, 2010 to May, 2012. The subjects are composed of 40 patients(20 females and 20 males), who are 30 to 50 years old suffering from severe lumber herniated nuclesus pulposus, who had or were going to have operation treatment. BMI is measured through anthropometry of each patient and fat infiltration inside the muscle is estimated by measuring the cross section area of lumbar paraspinal muscle from mid-cross section of disc(L2-S1) and fat infiltration ratio. The data of this study are analyzed by independent t-test to figure out the difference of fat infiltration between male and female, and by paired sample T-test after getting mean and standard deviation to find the changes of fat infiltration of lumbar on each level. Also correlation analysis is done by setting age as a control variable to find the correlation between BMI and fat infiltration of the whole lumbar. As a result, we could get only the meaningful difference between the sexes on upper lumber part(L2-L3) while we couldn't find any significant difference in the rest of lumbar(L3-S1). Besides, the changes of fat infiltration ratio on each lumbar level increased rapidly from lumbar 3,4 to lumbar 4,5. We also found that there is no correlation between fat infiltration ratio of lumbar paraspinal muscle(L2-S1) and BMI.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.749-761
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of V-trac on the clinical characteristics of patients who suffered from HIVD. The data were collected from 500 cases who had lumbar disc problems, from August, 1993 to July, 1995. The results of study were as follows; 1. Total patients statistics; mean age is 38 years, average duration of symptom is 5.4 years. 2. Symptomatic effects; HNP is 89.5 %, spinal stenosis is 55.1 %, and mean effects of total symptom is 80.0 %. 3. Pain relief effects; 1st session is 85.0 %, 7 th sessions are 89.3 %. 4. Back muscle improved effects; 10 sessions are 25.6 % rather than 1st session patients. 5. Sciatic scoliosis correction effect; Corrected scoliosis is improved 86.6 % by the 14 sessions V-trac. 6. Psychological effects; mental vigour is 51.2 %, emotional stability is 57.4 %, well-being is 72.5 %, comfortable sleeping is 60.2 %. 7. Follow-up states after V-trac therapy; Good conditions are 72.0 %, less conditions are 28.0 % after 1 month.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.21-35
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• 2006

Objectives : Herniation of Nucleus Pulposus(HNP) of Cervical is the most important reason that causes Cervical pain. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Carthmi-Flos Herbal acua-acupuncture therapy for Cervical disc Herniation patients. Methods : To evaluate the effectiveness of Carthmi-Flos Herbal acua-Acupuncture Therapy, 20 patients were treated by Carthmi-Flos Herbal acua-acupuncture therapy. To estimate the efficacy of treatment, we used Quardruple Visual Analog Scale (QVAS). Results & Conclusion : 1. As a objectivity treatment record, they test treatment record good 35%, fair 35%, excellent 30%. 2. After Carthmi-Flos acua-acupuncture therapy, pain rate changed from 8.80 to 5.40 3. By the results which puts out the statistics in sex , a pain rate of male changed from 8.57$({\pm}1.51)$ to 2.71$({\pm}2.63)$, a pain rate of female 8.92$({\pm}0.95)$ to 3.77$({\pm}2.09)$. Intentional difference is none as a therapy. 4. By the results which puts out the statistics in age, after forties changed from 9.07$({\pm}0.88)$ to 3.80$({\pm}2.43)$ and before forties changed from 8.00$({\pm}1.58)$ to 2.20$({\pm}1.30)$. Intentional difference is none as a therapy. 5. By the results which puts out the statistics in Duration, pain rate of the acutest group changed from 8.36$({\pm}1.12)$ to 2.18$({\pm}1.08)$, pain rate of the subacute group changed from 9.80$({\pm}0.45)$, to 5.20$({\pm}2.68)$, pain rate of the chronic group changed from 8.67$({\pm}1.53)$ to 3.33$({\pm}1.53)$. Intentional difference is none as a therapy. 6. By the results which puts out the statistics in the reading of Lumbar MID, pain rate of the Bulging type changed from 9.00$({\pm}1.05)$ to 4.30$({\pm}2.67)$, pain rate of the Protruded type changed from 8.50$({\pm}1.00)$, to 3.50$({\pm}1.29)$, pain rate of the Extruded type changed from 6.00 to 1.00, pain rate of the Mixed type changed from 9.20$({\pm}0.84)$ to 2.00$({\pm}1.23)$, Intentional difference is none as a therapy.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.13-25
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• 2004

Objective : Herniation of Nucleus Pulpous(HNP) of Lumbar is the most important reason that causes low back pain. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Bee-venom acua-acupuncture therapy for protrusion disc patients. Methods : To evaluate the effectiveness of Bee-Venom Acupuncture Therapy, 20 patients were treated by bee-venom acua-acupuncture therapy. To estimate the efficacy of treatment, we used Quardruple Visual Analog Scale(QVAS). Results : 1. As a objectivity treatment record, they test treatment record good 60%, fair 25%, excellent 15%. 2. After bee-venom therapy, pain rate changed from 8.25 to 2.15. 3. By the results which puts out the statistics in sex, a pain rate of male changed from 8.75 to 2.50, a pain rate of female 7.92 to 1.92. Intentional difference is none as a therapy. By the results which puts out the statistics in age, after forties changed from 7.78 to 2.22 and before forties changed from 7.90 to 1.92. By the results which puts out the statistics in disc herniation, pain rate of central type changed from 8.29 to 2.29, pain rate of left type changed from 8.20 to 1.40, pain rate of Right type changed from 8.00 to 4.00.