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Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose and Hyaluronic Acid on Prevention of Intra-abdominal Adhesion in Rats (Rat에서 Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose와 Hyaluronic acid의 복강 내 유착 예방)

  • 한태성;이주명;윤영민;강태영;신태균;강윤호;김남중;김희석;이경갑
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.323-327
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    • 2003
  • This study has been conducted to compare the efficacy of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC) and hyaluronic acid (HA) on prevention of adhesion after artificial wound was induced in intestine. 1 % SCMC and 0.3% HA solution and saline solution were respectively administered to abdominal cavity. Each of the three groups consists of 11 rats. The abdominal cavity of each rat was coated with 2 ml of the allocated solution just after the abdomen was cut open, and it was coated with each solution of 1 ml before abrasion were caused on the cecum, the ascending colon and the transverse colon. Then, an additional 1 ml solution was injected before the abdomen was closed. On day 14 after the operation, each adhesion formation was evaluated at the score of 0-4. The HA group and SCMC group showed significantly lower adhesion scores than control group in all regions(P< 0.05). The adhesion scores of ascending colon, transverse colon and no abrasion region of the viscera showed little difference between HA group and SCMC group(P< 0.05), but the effect of adhesion reduction showed higher tendency in the HA group than the SCMC. The adhesion score of the cecum was significantly lower in HA group than SCMC group(P< 0.05). In conclusion, the SCMC solution and HA solution were effective on prevention of abdominal adhesion resulting from the celiotomy. Among of them, the HA solution could be more effective on prevention of adhesion than SCMC solution.

Effect of centrifugation on the structure and properties of silk sericin

  • Park, Chun Jin;Um, In Chul
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.144-148
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    • 2016
  • Recently, silk sericin has been studied extensively for biomedical and cosmetic applications because of its unique properties, including UV resistance and wound healing ability. For use in applications, sericin is fabricated in various forms including films and gels. However, the mechanical properties of sericin are too weak. In this basic study on improving the mechanical properties of sericin, a silk sericin aqueous solution was separated into two layers by centrifugation. The solution viscosity, molecular conformation, and mechanical properties of each separation layer of the sericin were examined. Sericin from the lower layer had a higher solution viscosity and film mechanical properties (strength and strain) than that from the upper layer, implying that sericin from the lower layer had a higher molecular weight than that from the upper layer. The molecular conformation of the sericin films varied depending on the casting solvent. In aqueous solution, the sericin film from the lower layer showed a ${\beta}$-sheet conformation, whereas that from the upper layer displayed a random coil conformation. All the sericin films showed a highly ${\beta}$-sheet-crystallized state when cast in formic acid, regardless of the separation layer.

Linear Analysis of Water Surface Waves Generated by Submerged Wave Board Whose Upper and Lower Ends Oscillate Horizontally Freely (상하단이 자유롭게 수평동요하는 수중 조파판에 의해 생성된 수면파의 근사해석)

  • Kim, Hyochul;Oh, Jungkeun;Kwon, Jongoh;Lew, Jae-Moon
    • Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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    • v.56 no.5
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    • pp.418-426
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    • 2019
  • To derive a simplified analytic solution which can be utilized as a fundamental solution for the wave maker design, a segment of the wave board has been idealized as a submerged line segment in a two dimensional domain of a wave flume. The lower end of the line segment could be located at arbitrary depth of the wave flume and the upper end of the board could be also submerged to any depth from the free surface. The freely oscillating motion of the wave board is assumed to be defined by determining the condition of horizontal oscillation on both ends differently. The submerged wave board oscillating in horizontal direction could be specified by selecting the amplitude, frequency and the phase lag differently on lower and upper ends of the board. The simplified two dimensional wave generated by the wave board segment has been obtained by the first order perturbation method. It is found that the general solution of the freely oscillating wave board in two dimensional domain could be decomposed into the solution of flap motion with lower end hinge and swing motion with upper end hinge. The case study of the analytic solutions has been carried out to evaluate the effect on the wave height due to the difference of oscillation frequency, phase difference and variation of stroke between for the motion of both ends. It is found that the solution of the freely oscillating wave board could be utilized for the development of high performance wavemaker especially for irregular waves.

Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Doenjang Made with Various Concentrations of Salt Solution (염수 농도를 달리하여 제조한 전통 된장의 특성)

  • Byun, Myung-Woo;Nam, Tan-Gong;Lee, Gyu-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.44 no.10
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    • pp.1525-1530
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    • 2015
  • Doenjang made with various concentrations of salt solution such as 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18% for making low-salt Doenjang. Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of Doenjang made with various concentrations of salt solution were analyzed. As a result, salt contents of Doenjang made with various concentrations of salt solution were 6.09~13.47%. Amino-type nitrogen showed a higher value when prepared with lower salt solution. The pH value increased with lower concentration of salt solution, whereas total acidity decreased with lower concentration of salt solution. The pH values and total acidity of Doenjang made with more than 16% salt solution were not statistically different. The reducing sugar content ranged from 1.39~6.30 mg/g, and higher salt content was associated with higher reducing sugar content. In the sensory descriptive analysis, Doenjang had the most salty taste at a salt concentration of 18%, whereas Doenjang at concentrations of 15%, 16%, and 17% did not show any statistical differences. In the consumer acceptance test, Doenjang made with 17% and 18% salt solution showed the highest score, followed by Doenjang made with 15% and 16% salt solution. In conclusion, the salty taste of Doenjang made with 16% salt solution might be used to make low-salt Doenjang. However, consumer acceptance of these Doenjangs was lower than that of Doenjang made with 17% and 18% salt solution.

A Comparative Study of the Postoperative Cardiac Performance after Repair of Congenital Heart Defects with Crystalloid and Blood Cardioplegic Solution (Crystalloid Cardioplegic Solution과 Blood Cardioplegic Solution을 사용한 선천성 심기형 환자에서의 술 후 심기능 평가에 대한 비교 연구)

  • Kim, Yong-Jin;Kim, Yeong-Tae
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.27 no.10
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    • pp.815-823
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    • 1994
  • This study was undertaken to hemodynamically determine the differences of myocardial protective effect between crystalloid and blood cardioplegic solution. Twenty nine children undergoing cardiac operations due to cyanotic congenital heart diseases were randomized into two groups receiving crystalloid or blood cardioplegia. Cardiac indices and other hemodynamic datum were examined postoperatively. Although there was no statistical differences between groups, postoperative stroke volume indices and left ventricular stroke work indices were slightly better with blood cardioplegia. We also found that postoperative left atrial pressures[p=0.0003], central venous pressures[p=0.004], and heart rates[p=0.014] were significantly lower with blood cardioplegia. The fact that relatively lower ventricular preloads [left atrial pressure and central venous pressure] were required to provide adequate cardiac output in blood cardioplegia group suggested superior myocardial protective effect of blood cardioplegic solution.

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Sensitivity Analysis on the Non-tree Solution of the Minimum Cost Flow Problem (최소비용문제의 비정점 최적해에 대한 감도분석)

  • 정호연;박순달
    • Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 1995
  • The purpose of this paper is to develop a method of the sensitivity analysis that can be applied to a non-tree solution of the minimum cost flow problem. First, we introduce two types of sensitivity analysis. A sensitivity analysis of Type 1a is the well known method applicable to a tree solution. However this method can not be applied to a non-tree solution. So we propose a sensitivity analysis of Type 2 that keeps solutions of upper bounds at upper bounds, those of lower bounds at lower bounds, and those of intermediate values at intermediate values. For the cost coefficient we present a method that the sensitivity analysis of Type 2 is solved by finding the shortest path. Besides we also show that the results of Type 2 and Type 1 are the same in a spanning tree solution. For the right-hand side constant or the capacity, the sensitivity analysis of Type 2 is solved by a simple calculation using arcs with intermediate values.

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Two-Dimensional Echocardiographic Preoperative Prediction of Prosthetic Valve Size (이면성 심초음파도로 구한 대동맥판륜부 크기와 실제 치환된 판막크기와의 비교연구)

  • 정태은
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.979-983
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    • 1988
  • Calcium channel blockers may prevent myocardial injury during cardioplegia and reperfusion. This study was done to evaluate the effects of diltiazem cardioplegia on myocardial protection during ischemic arrest and recovery of myocardial function after reperfusion. Four formulations of crystalloid cardioplegic solutions, GIK solution[group I, n=12], diltiazem[lug/ml GIK] in GIK solution[group II, n=7], ],diltiazem[2ug/ml GIK] in GIK solution[group III, n=6] and diltiazem[4ug/ml GIK] in GIK solution[group IV, n=6] were compared in isolated working rat heart subjected to a long period [2 hours] of hypothermic arrest with multi-dose infusion. Diltiazem cardioplegia[group II, III and IV]was found to be superior in nearly all aspects. Diltiazem cardioplegia showed faster recovery of regular rhythm and lower incidence of ventricular fibrillation than group I did. In comparing mechanical function in all experimental hearts, the mean postischemic recoveries of aortic flow, cardiac output, peak aortic pressure, stroke volume and stroke work[expressed as a percentage of its preischemic control] were significantly greater in group II, III and IV[diltiazem cardioplegia] than in group I. The infused amount of cardioplegic solution was more increased by the addition of diltiazem to GI K solution. [p < 0.01] Creatine kinase leakage tended to be lower in hearts receiving diltiazem cardioplegia, especially in group III and IV[p<0.05] than in those receiving GIK solution only[group I]. Diltiazem cardioplegia results in the increased flow of cardioplegic solution and the decreased ischemic injury of myocardium during ischemic arrest and the improved recovery of myocardial function after reperfusion, and a dose-response relation must be established before clinical use.

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Comparison of Heart Rate and Blood Lactate between Ingestion of Prunus mume Solution and Water during Graded Maximal Exercise in Hot Environment (고온에서의 점증적 최대운동시 매실함유 음료 밀 생수섭취에 따른 심박수 및 혈중 젖산농도 변화의 비교)

  • 김기진;배지현
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.356-362
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    • 1999
  • Humans may lose considerable amounts of water and electrolytes from sweat during exercise in a hot climate. Optimal ingestion of fluid-replacement beverages may overcome an obstacle factor of exercise performance in the heat. This study was performed the comparison of heart rate and blood lactate between ingestion of Prunus mume solution and water solution during graded maximal exercise using bicycle ergometer in the heat(ambient temperature of 31-32$^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity of 50-55%). Ten healthy no-heat-acclimatized males participated in the study. Exercise duration until all-out of graded testing in the condition of Prunus mume solution ingestion(786.15$\pm$47.66s) was significantly higher(P<0.05) than the condition of water ingestion. Heart rate at 4 min during graded testing and recovery phase in the condition of Prunus mume solution ingestion was significantly lower(P<0.05) than the condition of water ingestion. Blood lactate concentration at 30min of recovery phase after graded maximal exercise in the condition of Prunus mume solution ingestion was significantly lower(P<0.05) than the condition of water ingestion. Recovery rate of blood lactate concentration at 15 min and 30 min of recovery phase after grated maximal exercise in the condition of Prunus mume solution ingestion was significantly lower(P<0.05) than the condition of water ingestion. Present results suggested that ingestion of Prunus mume solution showed the positive effects on the cardiorespiratory function and acid-base regulation as compared with ingestion of water during graded maximal exercise and recovery phase in hot environment.

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Hydrodynamic performance of a composite breakwater with an upper horizontal porous plate and a lower rubble mound

  • Liu, Yong;Li, Hua-Jun
    • Ocean Systems Engineering
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.55-70
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    • 2013
  • A composite breakwater with an upper horizontal porous plate and a lower rubble mound is proposed and studied in this work. By means of matched eigenfunction expansions, a semi-analytical solution is developed for analyzing the hydrodynamic performance of the breakwater. The semi-analytical solution is verified by known solutions for special cases and an independently developed multi-domain boundary element method solution. Numerical examples are given to examine the reflection, transmission and energy loss coefficients of the breakwater and the wave force acting on the horizontal porous plate. Some useful results are presented for engineering applications.

Sensitivity Analysis on the Degenerate Tree Solution of the Minimum Cost Flow Problem (최소비용문제의 퇴화 정점 최적해에 대한 감도분석)

  • Chung, Ho-Yeon;Park, Soon-Dal
    • IE interfaces
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.193-199
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    • 1994
  • The purpose of this paper is to develop a method of the sensitivity analysis that can be applicable to a degenerate tree solution of the minimum cost flow problem. First, we introduce two types of sensitivity analysis. A sensitivity analysis of Type 1 is the well known method applicable to a spanning tree solution. However, this method have some difficulties in case of being applied to a degenerate tree solution. So we propose a sensitivity analysis of Type 2 that keeps solutions of upper bounds remaining at upper bounds, those of lower bounds at lower bounds, and those of intermediate values at intermediate values. For the cost coefficient, we present a method that the sensitivity analysis of Type 2 is solved by using the method of a sensitivity analysis of Type 1. Besides we also show that the results of sensitivity analysis of Type 2 are union set of those of Type 1 sensitivity analysis. For the right-hand side constant or the capacity, we present a simple method for the sensitivity analysis of Type 2 which uses arcs with intermediate values.

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