• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 1988

We have treated patients who have visited pain clinic and those admitted to the other departments of Pusan National University Hospital from Mar. 1987 to Feb. 1988 with complaints of severe cancer pain on both upper and lower abdomen and extremities by continuous administration of a very small amount of morphine in the lumbar subarachnoid(group I) and epidural(group II) space in 10 cases respectively. The results of analgesia obtained are as follows: 1. The average duration in onset of analgesia was 8 mins. in group I and 23 mins. in group II. 2. The average duration In maintaining analgesia was 12.4 hrs. in group I and 18.4 hrs. in group II. 3. The efficiency of analgesia in group I was excellent in 5, good in 4, and null in 1, and group II was excellent in 5, good in 2, and moderate in 3. 4. The degree of tolerance in group I was rather mild comparable ti that of pain score 4 till the 22nd. day of morphine administration. 5. The complications are: 2 of respiratory distress in group I, 2 of voiding difficulties in both group I and II, 1 of itching sensation in both group I and II, 1 of euphoria with hallucination In group I, and 1 of C.S.F leakage in group II. As results, it is thought that epidural administration is safer than subarachnoid administration in achieving analgesia with morphine among patients with malignant pain if the problem of tolerance is solved.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.432-435
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• 2005

An 82-year-old female non-smoker with a history of hypertension presented with increasing dyspnea, cough and some purulent sputum without fever. Upon admission, the patient was in a distressed condition. Auscultation revealed diminished breath sounds with no rales over the right lung. An examination of the heart revealed a regular rhythm and a systolic murmur radiating from the apex of the heart. There was no pitting edema in the lower extremities. The blood tests showed mild leukocytosis and an increased C-reactive protein level. The $O_2$ saturation was 98 % whilst breathing room air. The electrocardiogram demonstrated sinus tachycardia. The chest radiograph showed a moderate cardiomegaly, right lobe infiltrates, and blunting of the both costophrenic sulcus suggesting a small pleural effusion. Three days after admission, the symptoms became slightly aggravated despite being treated with empirical antibiotics for presumed community-acquired pneumonia. Transthoracic color Doppler echocardiography indicated an ejection fraction of 48 %, mild left ventricular enlargement, and moderate left atrial enlargement resulting in severe mitral regurgitation. The clinical symptoms and right pulmonary edema resolved quickly with intravenous furosemide treatment.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2013

Upper extremity dysfunction is a common consequence following stroke. Spontaneous recovery during the first six months post-stroke is rigorous and considered as a significant indicator of potential long-term progress. Various approaches have been utilized to regain functional upper limb movement necessary for independent living; however, conventional therapy approaches have failed to prove consistency, especially for subacute stroke patients. There is, thus, a need for innovative therapeutic strategies that motivate stroke survivors to facilitate neural and functional recovery during the critical window immediately following stroke. The effect of music on physical enhancement has been frequently reported in the field of medicine as well as neurorehabilitation. The efficacy of rhythm on lower extremity deficits has been well established. Yet, the rationale for using instrumental music making enhancing subacute upper extremities rehabilitation is not clearly described to date. Based on the key mechanism of music as sensori-motor movement facilitator, this paper reviews previous empirical research that utilized music-based interventions for upper extremity rehabilitation for stroke patients, either in the form of receptive or expressive activity. This paper, further, focuses on the current research trends in subacute stroke upper limb rehabilitation and provides applicable rationale of using instrumental music playing.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.186-195
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• 1994

Fibromatosis is benign fibroblastic proliferative lesion with abundant collagenous neo-formation located principally in the abdominal wall and in the upper and lower extremities (Masson & Soule, 1966). Wilkins and Waldron, in 1975, suggested that the title aggressive fibromatosis was a more appropriate term, reflecting the invasive characteristics of the disease. Synonyms listed were extra-abdominal desmoid, juvenile fibromatosis, aggressive infantile fibromatosis and congenital fibrosarcoma. A total of 12% of all fibromatosis arise in head and neck. Fibromatosis of the oral cavity is uncommon and is even more rare when in involve the mandibule. It is a locally aggressive fibrous tissue tumor, generally does not metastasize, but may cause considerable morbility and even death due to local infiltration. The degree of microscopic cellularity is variable, not only from tumor to tumor but also from area to area in the same tumor. Some tumors present with proliferation of mature fibroblasts and a dominating collagenous component : others may show a lack of the tumor in both types. The common histologic denominator appears to be cellular interlacing bundles of elongated fibroblasts, showing little or no mitotic activity and no pleomorphism. Mitosis are not a consistent index of malignancy when found in younger age groups. Fibromatosis still posses difficult problems of diagnosis and treatment. It is frequently recurrent and infliltrates neighbouring tissues. These lesion infliltrate widely and replace muscle, fat, and even bone with fibrous tissue of varying cellularity. Lesion representing fibromatosis in the oral cavity must be carefully evaulated by both surgeon and pathologists to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment planning. When these lesions involve bone, surgeon must be aware of the lesion's potential to perforate the cortex and expand while remaining hidden from the surgeon's view. Careful and precise clinical correlation with histologic appearance is essential to preclude misdiagnosis of fibrosarcoma yet provide surgical treatment plan that provides adequate local excision and long-term follow up. As regards cause, little is known. It is attributed to trauma or alteration in the sex hormone(Carlos, et al, 1986). Clinially, the lesion is reported to be not painful in most cases, but capable of rapid growth. The treatment is essentially surgical excision with wide margin of adjacent uninvolved tissue. Radiotherapy, hormone treatment or chemotherapy are of no use (WIkins et al, 1975 ; Majumudar and Winiarkl, 1978). We report a case of aggressive fibromatosis of 15-year-old with a lesion in the soft tissue of the parotid area that invaded the underlying bone of the mandibular body.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2009

Soft tissue sarcomas of popliteal fossa are rare, accounting for less than 5% of all soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities. In an extracompartmental space such as the popliteal, cubital fossa and inguinal space, where major vessels and nerves traverse, performing resections with wide margin is difficult and sometimes marginal margin is inevitable for limb salvage. For popliteal tumor resection, posterior approach would be a classic method. For tumors with small size and not adherent to surrounding structures, tumor is easily resected by this approach and dissection of nerve sheath or adventitia of vessel. On the contrary, tumors of large size and infiltrating the posterior structure of knee joint may show difficulty in en-bloc resection itself. These cases were candidates for amputation. Furthermore, tumors involving both popliteal fossa and anterior compartment usually had no choice but to have an amputation to prevent local recurrence. We regarded soft tissue sarcoma showing this kind of presentation as bone tumor having extraosseous mass. We performed wide en-bloc resection of proximal tibia and fibula along with sarcoma involving both compartment on liposarcoma of 47-year old man.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.5789-5796
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• 2011

This study examined the effect of VT(Vibration Training) on the symptoms of DOMS (Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness) before induced by eccentric exercise of the left leg triceps surae. Twenty one healthy adult men and women who had not participated in a regular exercise program for the lower extremities were assigned to one of two experimental groups: vibration training group, Control group. We measured the VAS(Visual Analogue Scale), ankle plantar flexor strength, triceps surae circumference, CK(Creatine Kinase) before and after exercise and 24, 48 and 72 hours after eccentric exercise. After inducing DOMS, VAS showed significant differences between groups at a point of time 48 hours, and showed significant differences within groups in accordance with the time of measurement(p<.05). Plantar flexor strength of groups with VT did not show significant difference between groups but, showed significant differences within groups in accordance with the time of measurement(p<.05). Triceps surae circumference of groups with VT did not show significant difference between groups but, showed significant differences within groups in accordance with the time of measurement(p<.05). CK of groups with VT did not show significant difference between groups but, showed significant differences within groups in accordance with the time of measurement(p<.05). As a result of the study, VT prior to eccentric exercise is effective to inhibit pain. So, this method can be suggested to prevent DOMS in doing an unfamiliar activites.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.139-153
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• 2003

The purpose of the study was to present technical guidance about the field goal kicking motion in American football for novices. For this purpose, kinematic analysis on the field goal kicking motion of two skilled players and two unskilled players was carried out. The following conclusions were made: 1. In comparison on the total elapsed time of the kicking, there were no significant differences between two groups. The progressing time from BP event to impact among experts group, however, took 0.141 second less than that of novices group. 2. The experts group showed right hip rotatier horizontally toward the targeted ball fixing left hip as the axis. On the other hand, the novices group didn't use the left hip as the axis in the kicking motion. 3. At the impact of kicking the ball, regarding with the distance of the ball and the supporting leg, the right and left distance of experts was 3.45cm longer than that of novices, the front and the rear distance of experts was 5.14cm shorter than novices. 4. At the impact, experts' initial velocity of the targeted ball was $5.27^m/s$ faster than novices', besides experts' incidence angular displacement was $3.78^{\circ}$ larger than novices'. 5. After BP event, experts showed a stable movement maintaining flexion and extension at left hip joint and knee joint. On the other hand, for novices, the angle of the left lower extremities became larger. 6. Experts showed the efficient flexion and extension of the hip joint and the knee joint during following procedure in the whole event of the kicking motion. At the BP event, the right knee joint angle of novices was $11.46^{\circ}$ larger than that of experts. However, the duration of the impact event and FT event among, novices had less extension of knee joint than experts. 7. At the 2nd phase, for both of the groups, the angular velocity of the knee joint drastically increased as the angular velocity of hip joint decreased. However, only novices showed the largest negative angular velocity at the impact.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.525-530
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• 1998

Thoracoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for primary palmar hyperhidrosis has been known to be effective and to have cosmetic merits compared to conventional open sympathectomy. In spite of its cosmetic advantages over thoracotomy, VATS using 5 mm or 10 mm instruments still has the problem of operative wound as well as pain on trocar sites. Recently, 2 mm thoracoscopic instruments have been used. The purpose of this study was to examine the results of thoracoscopic sympathectomy for palmar hyperhidrosis with 2 mm thoracoscopic instruments. From January 1997 to April 1997, 46 patients underwent bilateral thoracoscopic sympathectomy with 2mm instruments at Seoul National University Hospital. T-2 ganglion was carefully dissected and resected out in all patients. In one patient, the lower third of T-1 ganglion was inadvertently resected together with T-2 ganglion due to poor anatomical localization. In 4 patients who also complained of excessive axillary sweating, T-3 ganglion was resected as well. The instruments were removed without leaving any chest drain after reexpansion of the lung. Trocar sites were approximated with sterile tapes. All patients were relieved of excessive sweating in their upper extremities immediately after the operation. Nine patients(19.6%) showed incomplete reexpansion of the lung, and two of them required needle aspiration. Complications related to the surgical procedures, such as Horner's syndrome, hemothorax, and brachial plexus injury, were not detected in any cases. Most patientsdid not complaine of pain. All patients were discharged from the hospital on the day of operation. Despite a narrow operative viewfield, thoracic sympathectomy with 2 mm thoracoscopic instruments can be performed without increasing any severe complications. We recommend 2 mm instruments for thoracoscopic sympathectomy because they make as the more cosmetic, less painful, and equally effective compared to thoracoscopic sympathectomy using 5 mm or greater instruments.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.34-48
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• 2019

Background: Fall-related injuries in older adults are a major health problem, and the risks and mechanisms of these injuries should be affected by race, culture, living environment, and/or economic status. Objects: Research articles have been systematically reviewed to understand fall-related injuries in older adults in South Korea. Methods: 128 published research papers have been found through the Korea Citation Index and the Korean Studies Information Service System, and reviewed in various perspectives, including incidents, fall death rates, medical costs, causes, injury sites and types, locations where falls occurred, prevention strategies, scholarly fields interested in fall injuries, and the role of physical therapy. Results: Fall-related injuries were found to be more common in women than in men, and the number of incidents increased with age, with the highest rate found in individuals over 85 years old. Risk of fall injury was associated with education level, comorbidities, and fear of falling. Common places where falls occurred included the bathroom, living room, stairs, and hallway. Common types of injury included bruises, fractures, and sprains in the lower extremities. Intervention strategies included exercise programs, education, and protective clothing. Scholarly fields interested in fall-related injuries in older adults included medicine, nursing, physical therapy, occupational therapy, physical education, pharmacology, oriental medicine, biomedical engineering, design, clothing, and textiles. Physical therapy intervention using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation has been used to improve one's balance. Conclusion: Any movement during the activities of daily living can lead to a fall. Physical therapists are highly educated to analyze human movements and should be involved in more research and practices to solve fall-related injuries in older adults.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.397-404
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment outcome of leiomyosarcoma (LMS) of the somatic soft tissue and investigate the prognostic factors. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two patients with soft tissue LMS (extremities and trunk) between 2001 and 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. The local recurrence and metastasis after treatment were examined. The survival rates and prognostic factors affecting survival were investigated. Only patients followed-up more than one year were included. The mean follow-up time was 41 months (range, 7-163 months). Results: The overall survival rates at five-year and 10-year were 73.6% and 66.2%, respectively. The tumor size (p=0.018), grade (p=0.017), and local recurrence (p=0.04) affected survival. Metastases developed in 31.9% (23/72) and the median post metastasis survival was 15.6 months (range, 3-78 months). Conclusion: LMS of the soft tissue developed mainly at the lower extremity. The tumor size, grade, and local recurrence were associated with survival. Post metastatic survival was generally poor despite treatment.