• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.186-190
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• 2015

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a demyelinating and inflammatory condition of the central nervous system, occurring predominantly in white matter. ADEM involving the rhombencephalon without affecting the white matter is very rare. Here, we present an unusual case of ADEM involving only the rhombencephalon in a 4-year-old Asian girl. The patient complained of pain in the right lower extremities, general weakness, ataxia, and dysarthria. The initial brain CT showed subtle ill-defined low-density lesions in the pons and medulla. On brain MRI, T2 high signal intensity (T2-HSI) lesions with mild swelling were present in the pons, both middle cerebellar peduncles, and the anterior medulla. The initial diagnosis was viral encephalitis involving the rhombencephalon. Curiously, a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) study revealed no cellularity, and negative viral marker findings. Three weeks later, follow up brain MRI showed that the extent of the T2-HSI lesions in the brain stem had decreased. After reinvestigation, it was found that she had a prior history of upper respiratory infection. In this case, we report the very rare case of a patient showing isolated involvement of the rhombencephalon in ADEM, mimicking viral rhombencephalitis on CT and MR imaging. ADEM can involve unusual sites such as the rhombencephalon in isolation, without involvement of the white matter or deep gray matter and, therefore, should be considered even when it appears in unusual anatomical areas. Thorough history taking is important for making a correct diagnosis.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.551-558
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• 2020

Background Giant congenital melanocytic nevus (GCMN) is a rare disease, for which complete surgical resection is recommended. However, the size of the lesions presents problems for the management of the condition. The most popular approach is to use a tissue expander; however, single-stage expansion in reconstructive surgery for GCMN cannot always address the entire defect. Few reports have compared tissue expansion techniques. The present study compared single and serial expansion to analyze the risk factors for complications and the surgical outcomes of the two techniques. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of patients who underwent tissue expander reconstruction between March 2011 and July 2019. Serial expansion was indicated in cases of anatomically obvious defects after the first expansion, limited skin expansion with two more expander insertions, or capsular contracture after removal of the first expander. Results Fifty-five patients (88 cases) were analyzed, of whom 31 underwent serial expansion. The number of expanders inserted was higher in the serial-expansion group (P<0.001). The back and lower extremities were the most common locations for single and serial expansion, respectively (P =0.043). Multivariate analysis showed that sex (odds ratio [OR], 0.257; P=0.015), expander size (OR, 1.016; P=0.015), and inflation volume (OR, 0.987; P=0.015) were risk factors for complications. Conclusions Serial expansion is a good option for GCMN management. We demonstrated that large-sized expanders and large inflation volumes can lead to complications, and therefore require risk-reducing strategies. Nonetheless, serial expansion with proper management is appropriate for certain patients and can provide aesthetically satisfactory outcomes.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.69-73
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• 2003

Lymphatic filariasis due to Brugia malayi infection was endemic in several areas of South Korea. The infection was controlled, or disappeared, in most areas, with the exception of the remote southwestern islands of Jeonranam-do, including the Heugsan Islands. To discover its current situation, a small-scale survey was performed on the Heugsan islands in September 2000. A total of 378 people, 151 male and 227 female, living in 8 villages (6 on Daeheugsan-do, 1 on Daejang-do, and 1 on Yeongsan-do) were subjected to a night blood survey for microfilaremia, and physical examination for elephantiasis on the extremities. There were 6 (1.6%) microfilaria positive cases, all in females aged 57-72 years, and from only two villages of the Daeheugsan-do area. There were 4 patients with lower leg elephantiasis, but they showed no microfilaremia. The results show that a low-grade endemicity of filariasis remains on the Daeheugsan-do.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.363-370
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to give the basic data for the cutting movement with the various angels on the poly urethane. Method : Ten healthy men voluntarily participated in this study. A three-dimensional motion analysis system (VICON) and force plates were used to analyze the movements of the joints for the lower extremities. For the statistical analysis the IBM SPSS 21.0 was used to perform repeated measured ANOVA and post-hoc comparison result was used to perform the Scheffe and the level of significance was set up at ${\alpha}=.05$. Results : There were significant differences for the time required for the increasing angles of the cutting movement(p<.05). In addition, there were significant differences for the maximum dorsiflexion, plantarflexion of ankle joint, maximum flexion of knee joint and hip joint with the increasing the angles of cutting movement(p<.05). Also, there were significant differences for the maximum adduction and abduction angle of the hip joint with the increasing of the angles of cutting movement. There was signigicant difference for the resultant utilized coefficient of friction(RuCOF) for the increasing angles of cutting movement(p<.05). Conclusion : There was a pattern to increase the coefficient friction with the angle of cutting direction. Also, it would be possible to use the poly urethane for the outdoor floor with the results of this study.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.653-660
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to compare selected kinematic variables between male medalists and a Korean male javelin thrower at the IAAF World Championships, Daegu 2011. The three medalists and one Korean javelin thrower that participated in the Championships were videotaped using three high-speed cameras (300 frames/s, EX-F1 Exilim, Casio, Japan). The results showed that the release and attitude angles of the Korean male javelin thrower (KMJT) were greater than that of the medalists, whereas the attack angle of the KMJT was smaller than that of the medalists. This study also found that the KMJT clearly had a lower release height than the medalists. As a possible adaptation of his physique to the skill, the KMJT used a small trunk inclination angle and produced greater inclination angles at his upper extremities. These results may be linked to an increase in the release angle of the KMJT. There were some difference between the KMJT and the medalists in terms of the length and duration of the delivery phase. In harmony with the shorter length of the delivery phase, its duration was shorter for the KMJT in comparison to the medalists. Because the delivery stride is considered to be a primary generator of endpoint speed, this decrease in the delivery phase time would decrease the javelin velocity at release. The amount of time taken in the delivery phase may be a critical factor to enhance a javelin thrower's performance. Thus, rhythmic movement training specifically designed for the KMJT will help him attain an optimal throwing position.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.181-185
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of types of drive-in initial steps in basketball on technical factors, to provide basic information for the enhancement of basketball skill. Method: Ten men (age: $24.70{\pm}2.26years$; height: $181.00{\pm}5.72cm$; weight: $75.70{\pm}8.23kg$; career length: $10.00{\pm}3.59years$), each with a career length of over five years and no history of injury to the lower extremities within the prior six months, participated in this study. They were asked to perform four types of drive-in movements at $35{\sim}60^{\circ}$, wearing their own shoes, after running from a start line 5 m away and catching a basketball passed by an expert passer. The drive-in movements were measured by eight infrared cameras (Oqus 300, Qualisys, Sweden). Collected raw data were used to calculate total initial step time, displacement, velocity, center of mass (COM) height, and COM velocity. Results: Total initial step displacement and velocity of cross drive-ins (JC, SC) were greater than that of direct drive-ins (JD, SD; p < .05). COM velocity of cross drive-ins (JC, SC) was also greater than that of direct drive-ins (JD, SD; p < .05). Conclusion: Our results indicated that cross drive-ins, regardless of stop step type, are more effective than direct drive-ins. This is because cross drive-ins are technically bold due to less influence from walking violations and double dribble rules in basketball. However, using one-sided movement is too difficult to play in competitive game; therefore, basketball players should develop the ability to choose appropriate movement frequency.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of increased running speed on the magnitude of impact shock attenuation in high frequency (9~20 Hz) at support phase on the treadmill running. Method: Twenty-four healthy male heel-toe runners participated in this study. Average age, height, mass, and preference running speed were 23.43±3.78 years, 176.44±3.38 cm, 71.05±9.04 kg, and 3.0±0.5 m/s, respectively. Three triaxial accelerometer (Noraxon, USA) were mounted to the tuberosity of tibia, PSIS (postero-superior iliac spine), and forehead to collect acceleration signals, respectively. Accelerations were collected for 20 strides at 1,000 Hz during treadmill (Bertec, USA) running at speed of 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0 m/s. Power Spectrum Density (PSD) of three acceleration signals was calculated to use in transfer function describing the gain and attenuation of impact shock between the tibia and PSIS, and forehead. One-way ANOVA were performed to compare magnitude of shock attenuation between and within running speeds. The alpha level for all statistical tests was .05. Results: No significant differences resulted for magnitude of the vertical and resultant impact shock attenuation between the tibia and PSIS, and forehead between running speeds. However, significant differences within running speed were found in magnitude of the vertical shock attenuation between tibia and PSIS, tibia and forehead at speed of 2.5, 3.0 m/s, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, it might be conjectured that muscles covering the knee and ankle joints and shoe's heel pad need to strengthen to keep the lower extremities from injuries by impact shock at relatively fast running speed that faster than preferred running speed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2012

Background: Cryosurgery was recently introduced as a treatment for varicose veins in the lower extremities. Cryosurgery with freezing probes can be used to remove the great saphenous vein (GSV) via an inguinal incision alone. The aim of this study was to assess early outcomes and the feasibility of cryosurgery for varicose veins. Materials and Methods: Forty patients were enrolled in the present study from March 2009 to July 2010. All patients underwent careful physical examinations, and their GSV reflux was demonstrated by duplex ultrasonography. Clinical severity was measured according to the clinical-etiology-anatomy-pathophysiology (CEAP) classification. The impaired GSVs were removed with rigid cryoprobes after freezing. Patients had follow-up appointments at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery. Sclerotherapy was performed during follow-up on an outpatient basis as needed. Results: A total of 19 men and 21 women were enrolled. The mean follow-up duration was 3.4 months (range, 1 to 12 months). The clinical severity ranged from CEAP 2 to CEAP 6a. Thirty-eight patients underwent concomitant phlebectomy during surgery. No recurrences were reported during follow-up. There were three cases of minor complications. Two patients had paresthesia, and one had thrombophlebitis. Conclusion: Using cryosurgery techniques to treat varicose veins, the complication rates were minimal and outcomes were comparable to those of previous reports. This procedure is a safe and feasible treatment modality for varicose veins.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.653-656
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• 2009

슬와동맥 포착증후군은 젊은 성인 남자에서 생길 수 있는 하지 허혈증의 드문 한가지 원인이다. 슬와동맥이 막히거나 동맥류성 변화를 발생시키는 이 질병의 원인은 슬와의 혈관과 주변 근육 및 인대구조간의 비정상적인 해부학적 관계에 있다. 18세 남자가 우측 종아리의 파행을 주소로 내원하였으며, 수술 전 삼차원 컴퓨터단층촬영 혈관조영술상 우측 슬와동맥이 폐쇄된 소견을 보였다. 수술 소견에서 슬와동맥은 비복근의 내측두에서 나오는 부속 근육 밴드에 의해 눌려있었다. 근육밴드 절제후 혈전 제거술 및 내막 절제술을 시행하였다. 수술 후 3년이 지난 현재 환자는 아무 문제없이 지내고 있다.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.102-111
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze the characteristics of work-related musculoskeletal diseases (MSD) and the factors for approving MSD by the parts of the body. Methods: The analysis was done using the data which were drawn from the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance that is operated by the Korea Worker's Compensation & Welfare Service. The data were composed of total cases related to the work-related diseases from 2006 to 2009. In addition, MSD data input by an investigator were collected. The factors associated with MSD were analyzed using ${\times}2$ and multiple logistic regression. Results: MSD approved cases have increased since 2006 and the proportion of the approved work-related MSD cases in the workers with work-related diseases in 2009 were 33.4%. Spinal approved cases were the highest percentage and upper and lower extremities cases gradually increased. The factors for approving upper extremity were found to be age, company size, type of industry, working duration, and in the case of spine to be company size and heavy lifting. Conclusion: Work-related MSD have increased and the factors that affected MSD by the parts of the body varied. Management strategy must be established to prevent MSD by the parts of the body.