• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.3_4
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• pp.407-417
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to develop designs and patterns of a functional brassiere. For this purpose, women who have protruding and drooping breasts with 75B for their brassiere size were sampled. The fitting test for the fitness and function of test brassiere and control brassiere were carried out twice and compared the results from the both in terms of front, rear and side looks. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. The results from measuring the level of sag and spread, and volume and protrusion of breasts shows that there are some distinctive differences in the measurements before and after wearing the test brassiere and the test brassiere is proved to be very effective in correcting breasts' shapes. 2. Front look: Since the two front cutting lines of the test brassiere served to have the curved main part pressing against the breasts, it could support breasts to more than satisfactory level. In addition, upperline panel and side panels of the test brassiere were found to have the upperline of the upper cup pressed against the breasts and at the same time it pressed and gathered the flab around upper part of the breasts and armpits that helped to rearrange the shape of the breasts. It is also proved that the two-pieced test brassier was found to be more functional in supporting the lower cup of the breasts. 3. Rear look: The test brassier was made up of two wide U-shaped wings with 2.5cm tape on its lower sides. Each wing has 4 lines and 3 hems (5.5cm). For this reason, the test brassiere was tighter and better fitted on its back. 4. Side look and entire look: The wings of the test brassiere might look wider than that of the control brassier which has conventional straight-shaped wings, but it was analyzed that the test brassiere held the upper and lower sides of the wings more effectively to be more pressed against the breast. Therefore, the test brassiere scored higher in terms of adjusting to body movements, while the control brassiere looked better in overall terms. 5. The functional brassier fur protruding and drooping breasts developed from the experiments of this study is a full side stretch brassiere which covers the entire breasts satisfactorily. The pattern drafting methods are suggested in to .

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.258-263
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• 2008

The fine aggregates of below 2 mm size was fabricated using by the vertical furnace in which the aggregates could be sintered at floating state and its physical properties were analyzed. The liquid formed at the surface of specimens sintered at $1200{\sim}l300^{\circ}C$ induced a gas in core to expand so the denser shell and porous core could be produced. The C series specimen fabricated by crushing an extruded body had an irregular shape and sharp edges but those became spheroidized by bloating due to gas expansion inside. The fine aggregates fabricated in this study was as light as floating in the water and had an apparent density of $0.68{\sim}1.08$. The absorption rate was proportioned to a porosity showing that the pores in core was not closed completely. The properties of fine aggregates fabricated in vertical furnace were similar with those of in an electric muffle furnace but the sticking-together phenomenon by surface fusion was not occurred in the vertical furnace. The aggregates fabricated in this study had a little lower impact resistance than that of natural aggregate but satisfied the unit volume weight standard specified in KS.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.89-93
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• 2004

Expression of a fusion protein between B. thuringiensis crystal protein, Cry1Ac1 and a scorpion insect toxin (AaIT, Androctonus australis Hector insect toxin) in acrystalliferous B. thuringiensis strain (Cry-B strain) was examined. The cry 1Ac1 gene was cloned in B. thuringiensis-E coli shuttle vector, pHT3101, under the control of the native cry 1Ac1 gene promoter (pProAc) and a gene encoding AaIT was inserted in XhoI site in the middle of the cry 1Ac1 gene (pProAc-ScoR). B. thuringiensis Cry-B strain carrying pProAc-ScoR (PyoAc-ScoR/CB) produced an inclusion body of irregular shape and the expressed fusion protein is approximately 65 kDa in size. Sporulated cells and spore-crystal mixtures of ProAc-ScoR/CB had insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella larvae, showing $LT_50$ of ProAc-ScoR/CB (22.59 hrs) lower than that of ProAc/CB (30.06 hrs) at $1{\times}{10^7} {CEU/cm^2}$. These results suggest that the fusion protein including a B. thuringiensis crystal protein and an AaIT may be functionally expressed in B. thupingiensis. Moreover, we verified the additive toxicity of AaIT, which is a new feasible candidate for insect control.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.19 no.1 s.27
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• pp.187-200
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to find out the craniofacial skeletal characteristics and to establish standards in facial patterns of Korean adolescences with normal occlusion. The subjects consisted of 54 males and 71 females ranging in age from 12 to 16 years. To classify facial patrons, number the clinical deviations from the normal five key measurements: the facial axis, facial angle, mandibular plane angle, lower face height, mandibular arc, are added and averaged with the proper sign to divide subjects into three groups ; brachyfacial, mesofacial dolichofacial groups. For the comparison of each group, a total of 43 morphologic variables were employed and the data were analyzed by statistical methods. The findings of this study can be summerized as follows; 1. The mesofacial group was $54.4\%$, the brachyfacial group was $29.6\%$ and the dolichofacial group was $16.0\%$ in this subjects. 2. There were no significant differences in size and shape of cranial base among each groups. 3. The brachyfacial group manifested the forward positioned maxilla and mandible to anterior cranial base, smaller cant of the mandibular plane, square shaped mandible, and prominent symphysis as compared with dolichofacial group. 4. There were no significant differences in the cant of the maxilla to the anterior cranial base among each groups. 5. Ramal height and madibular body length of brachyfacial group were larger than those of dolichofacial group. 6. Brachyfacial group indicated the smallest degree in divergency of maxilla and mandible while dolichofacial group showed the largest degree.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.213-228
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• 2015

The Horizon Run 4 is a cosmological N-body simulation designed for the study of coupled evolution between galaxies and large-scale structures of the Universe, and for the test of galaxy formation models. Using 6300³ gravitating particles in a cubic box of L_box = 3150 h⁻¹Mpc, we build a dense forest of halo merger trees to trace the halo merger history with a halo mass resolution scale down to M_s = 2.7 × 10¹¹h⁻¹M_⊙. We build a set of particle and halo data, which can serve as testbeds for comparison of cosmological models and gravitational theories with observations. We find that the FoF halo mass function shows a substantial deviation from the universal form with tangible redshift evolution of amplitude and shape. At higher redshifts, the amplitude of the mass function is lower, and the functional form is shifted toward larger values of ln(1/σ). We also find that the baryonic acoustic oscillation feature in the two-point correlation function of mock galaxies becomes broader with a peak position moving to smaller scales and the peak amplitude decreasing for increasing directional cosine μ compared to the linear predictions. From the halo merger trees built from halo data at 75 redshifts, we measure the half-mass epoch of halos and find that less massive halos tend to reach half of their current mass at higher redshifts. Simulation outputs including snapshot data, past lightcone space data, and halo merger data are available at http://sdss.kias.re.kr/astro/Horizon-Run4.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.67-81
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• 2009

Body shape of a child in elementary school is distinguished by physical differences in the form of low weight, normal weight and obesity, which are influenced by various periodic environments. In particular, there are hardly any patterns for obese children in elementary school to choose. To this end, the purpose of this study is to supplement the problems with the production lines of the companies for children's patterns as well as an analysis on the physical characteristics of obese children and to suggest the patterns appropriate to obese children. This study employed obese children from the 3rd- to 5th-grade elementary school students whose number has been rapidly increasing and conducted a questionnaire regarding the draft of the patterns for obese children on their mothers and the makers of children's clothing. Based on the results, the study compared and analyzed ordinary children's patterns to the patterns in question by suggesting a dimension system for Korean obese children. The results are as follows. The obesity rate of the children in elementary school has been grown in significant numbers every year, whereas obese children's sense of self-identity and degree of satisfaction with their patterns appeared to be much lower than other ordinary children in the peer group; also, the satisfaction level their mothers with their children's patterns appeared to be low. In order to verify the degree of the children's satisfaction with their patterns, the study suggested a dimension system for the obese children and displayed appropriateness by comparing the children patterns from ordinary companies and the patterns in question.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.591-599
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• 2009

Genetic parameters for growth-related traits were estimated in 9-month old of two Korean abalone subspecies, Haliotis discus hannai and H. discus discus, using multiple traits of animal model. The data were collected from the records of 3,504 individuals produced from 16 sires and 17 dams in H. discus hannai and 821 individuals produced from 3 sires and 4 dams in H. discus discus, which was evaluated at the Bukjeju branch, NFRDI, from May 20, 2004 to February 14, 2005. The heritability estimates obtained from restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method range from 0.29 to 0.31 for three growth traits (shell length, shell width and body weight) in H. discus hannai and from 0.22 to 0.28 in H. discus discus, respectively. The heritabilities for shell shape and condition factor were lower than others of growth traits such as ranging from 0.03 to 0.24 in H. discus hannai and from 0.06 to 0.11 in H. discus discus, respectively. Genetic and phenotypic correlations were >0.91 between shell parameters and weight in two abalone subspecies, respectively, indicating that breeding for weight gains could be successfully achieved by selecting for shell length.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.208-214
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• 2009

In this study, we investigated the effects of the number of air exchanges (NAE) on shape fruit body in two oyster mushrooms, Chunchu 2# and Suhan 2#. The suitable NAEs of Chunchu 2# were $1/10h^{-1}$ at primordial induction, $1/6h^{-1}$ at early stage of growth, $1/4h^{-1}$ at middle stage of growth, $1/4h^{-1}$ at late stage of growth and those of Suhan 2# were $1/6h^{-1}$ at primordial induction, $1/6h^{-1}$ at early stage of growth, $1/4h^{-1}$ at middle stage of growth, and $1/2h^{-1}$ at late stage of growth. In those conditions, the fruit bodies grew well. $CO_2$ concentration hardly affected the primordial formation of both mushrooms. However there were ventilation disturbances over 1500ppm. For instance, the end of pileus rolled up etc. As a result, Suhan 2# required higher ventilation compared with Chunchu 2# and the lower NAE was favorable for growth.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.234-239
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• 2015

Electronic products are a major part of evolving industry and human life style; however most of them are known to emit electromagnetic waves that have severe health hazards. Therefore, different materials and fabrication techniques are understudy to control or limit transfer of such waves to human body. In this study, nanocomposite powder is dispersed into epoxy resin and shielding effects such as absorption, reflection, penetration and multiple reflections are investigated. In addition, nano size powder (Ni, $Fe_2O_3$, Fe-85Ni, C-Ni) is fabricated by pulsed wire evaporation method and dispersed manually into epoxy. Characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy and Transmission electron microscopy are used to investigate the phase analysis, size and shape as well as dispersion trend of a nano powder on epoxy matrix. Shielding effect is measured by standard test method to investigate the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of planar materials, ASTM D4935. At lower frequency, sample consisting nano-powder of Fe-85%Wt Ni shows better electromagnetic shielding effect compared to only epoxy, only Ni, $Fe_2O_3$ and C-Ni samples.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.167-179
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• 2005

Skirts hold an important position in dress culture among various dress forms, being worn by more than half of mu. In this study, Chima is defined as garment for lower part of the body without crotch sewing, contrasting with trousers. The authors classify and compare the formation of the skirts of minority races in Yunnan area, based on Korean Chima, understanding the forms of skirts and examining the composition, color, pattern and material. For the study, the authors investigated 57 pieces of skirts among 341 pieces of minority races dresses from Yunn Nationality Museum collection exhibited at Korea Folk Village in May 2003, and referred to customs materials and photos in various literatures. Skirts in Yunnan area are divided into 6 areas, that is, seamless one-piece skirt area, wrapskirt area and mixed type skirt area. Skirt formation factors from the effect of environment such as climate, lifestyle and means of production were studied, and characteristics, differences and similarities were reviewed. Figure of skirts are studied by compostion, color, material, and technique. By composition, they can be classified based on the similarity to Hanbok (traditional Korean dress). By color, worshipped color and preferred color vary by races and by area. Materials vary in kinds and thickness by area with various climate. By technique, national characteristic patterns are inherited through national traditional dyeing and embroidery. It is not easy to conclude based on single item of skirt, but we suggest that national dresses have been settled through the mutual supplements between the effect of social and cultural exchange such as historical inheritance, geological environment, religion and production activity and the various forms of skirts from changes in shape, color, material and wearing form of dresses.