• Title/Summary/Keyword: low-temperature tolerance

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Effects of Dietary Supplementation of a Citrus By-product on Growth Performance, Innate Immunity and Tolerance of Low Water Temperature in Red Seabream Pagrus major (사료 내 감귤착즙박 첨가가 저수온에서 사육된 참돔(Pagrus major)의 성장, 비특이적 면역반응 및 수온자극 스트레스에 미치는 영향)

  • Song, Jin-Woo;Park, Sang-Hyeon;Lee, Cho-Rong;Lee, Kyeong-Jun
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.46 no.4
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    • pp.399-406
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    • 2013
  • Our aim was to determine the effects of a citrus by-product (CBP) and CBP fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum (LP-CBP), provided as dietary supplements, on the growth performance, feed utilization, innate immunity and temperature tolerance of red seabream. A diet without inclusion of CBP or LP-CBP was used as a control and four other experimental diets were formulated to replace wheat flour by 4% and 8% of either CBP or LP-CBP (designated as Con, LP-CBP4%, LP-CBP8%, CBP4% and CBP8%, respectively). Experimental diets were fed to triplicate groups of 25 fish (initial body weight, 55.0 g) for 9 weeks. Growth performance and feed utilization were not significantly different among all the groups. Bone collagen content was significantly increased by supplementation with CBP and LP-CBP. Vitamin C concentration tended to be higher in livers of fish fed the supplements than in the control group. Myeloperoxidase, lysozyme and superoxide dismutase activities were higher in fish fed CBP or LP-CBP than in fish fed the control diet. When fish were exposed to low water temperature, cumulative mortalities of those fed CBP or LP-CBP supplemented diets were lower (29%, 33%, 34% and 33% mortalities for LP-CBP4%, LP-CBP8%, CBP4% and CBP8%, respectively) than in the control group (58%). Therefore, inclusion of either CBP or LP-CBP at up to 8% in red seabream diet brings benefits through enhanced innate immunity and better tolerance of low water temperature.

Fabrication of Micromachined Ceramic Thin-Film Pressure Sensors for High Overpressure Tolerance

  • Chung, Gwiy-Sang
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society Of Semiconductor Equipment Technology
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    • 2002.11a
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    • pp.59-63
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    • 2002
  • This paper reports on the fabrication process and characteristics of a ceramic thin-film pressure sensor based on Ta-N strain-gauges for harsh environment applications. The Ta-N thin-film strain-gauges are sputter-deposited on a thermally oxidized micromachined Si diaphragms with buried cavities for overpressure tolerance. The proposed device takes advantage of the good mechanical properties of single-crystalline Si as a diaphragm fabricated by SDB and electrochemical etch-stop technology, and in order to extend the temperature range, it has relatively higher resistance, stability and gauge factor of Ta-N thin-films more than other gauges. The fabricated pressure sensor presents a low temperature coefficient of resistance, high-sensitivity, low non-linearity and excellent temperature stability. The sensitivity is 1.21 ~ 1.097 mV/V.kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$ in temperature ranges of 25~ $200^{\circ}C$ and a maximum non-linearity is 0.43 %FS.

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Critical Low Temperature and Response of Behavioral Tolerance in Red Seabream Pagrus major fingerlings Exposed to Cold Shock (저온 충격에 노출된 참돔 Pagrus major 치어의 임계 저 수온 및 행동 내성 반응)

  • Yoon, Sung Jin
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.575-584
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    • 2021
  • The critical low temperature and response of the behavioral tolerance of red sea bream Pagrus major fingerlings were determined using the continuous behavior monitoring system (CBMS). The behavior of the experimental organisms was observed by decreasing the water temperature by 2.0℃ and 4.0℃ every 12 hours and 24 hours in the range of 8.0-20.0℃. An unstable behavior pattern was observed in red seabream fingerlings exposed to water temperatures below 12.0℃, in which the swimming activity decreased and repeatedly stopped, regardless of the exposure time and water temperature fluctuation. The swimming ability of the organisms exposed to 8.0-10.0℃ decreased sharply, and the behavior of staying at the bottom of the test tank was observed. Only 50 % of the organisms survived due to the low-temperature stress, and all individuals died within six hours after the cold shock. In addition, the behavior index (BI) decreased rapidly, and the amplitude change of the coefficient of variation (CV) was found to have a greater variation than the other water temperatures (p<0.05). Low-temperature stress of red sea bream is promoted at 12.0℃, and it is interpreted as the tolerance limit, which can induce a sublethal response of the organisms exposed to cold shock of 8.0-10.0℃.

Influence of Culture Comditions on Acid Tolerance of Lactobacillus casei YIT 9018 (배양조건에 따른 Lactobacillus casei YIT 9018의 니산성 변화)

  • Sim, Jae-Hun;Kim, Sang-Kyo;Baek, Young-Jin;Oh, Tae-Kwang;Yang, Han-Chul
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.17-23
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    • 1995
  • We studied the influence of culture conditions on the acid tolerance of Lactobacillus casei YIT 9018 in artificial gastric juice with respect to relative amount of membrane bound ATPase and their biochemical characteristics. With raising incubation temperature from 30.5$\circ$C to 40.5$\circ$C and lengthening incubation time from exponential phase to late stationary phase, the acid tolerance of L. casei YIT 9018 was increased. As acid tolerance enhanced, C$_{18:1}$ content of membrane fatty acid was reduced and C$_{19:0 cyclo}$ was enriched but the others were not changed greatly. At high ATPase activity, proton permeability was relatively low but this phenomenon did not correspond to acid tolerance. In conclusion, it was considered that changes of C$_{18:1}$ and C$_{19:0 cyclo}$ were closely related to the acid tolerance of L. casei YIT 9018.

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Low Temperature Tolerance of Panax quinquefolium (미국삼(Panax quinquefolium)의 저온 저항성에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Jong-Chul;John, T.A.Proctor
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.179-183
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    • 1996
  • One exotherm was detected in the intact ginseng seeds containing more than 35% water, but in seeds with 20% there was no exotherm. The shapes of exotherm were remarkably uniform without relation to water content above 35%. The temperature at the initiation of freezing varied from -3.5$^{\circ}C$ to -9.6$^{\circ}C$ with the different water content in the seeds, and the Initial temperature of freezing delayed with the decrease of water content. The resistance damage at low temperature appeared in order of maln body, rhizome, lateral root of 3-year-old yearling rhizome, and fine root of 3-year-old. Ginseng roots didn't receive any damage at -5$^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. Otherwise they received serious damage below -1$0^{\circ}C$ even for 5 hours'exposure. Hence, alternative low temperature gave more severe damage compared to constant low temperature. This result suggests that the Possibility of receiving injury at low temperature was higher during the thawing season of the early spring than in the winter.

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Meteorological Constraints and Countermeasures in Rice Breeding -Breeding for cold tolerance- (기상재해와 수도육종상의 대책 - 내냉성품종육성방안-)

  • Mun-Hue Heu;Young-Soo Han
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.371-384
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    • 1982
  • Highly cold tolerant varieties are requested not only at high latitute cool area but also tropical high elevated areas, and the required tolerance is different from location to location. IRRI identified 6 different types of cold tolerance required in the world for breeding purpose; a) Hokkaido type, b) Suweon type, c) Taipei 1st season type, d) Taipei 2nd season type, e) Tropical alpine type and, f) Bangladesh type. The cold tolerance requested in Korea is more eargent in Tongil group cultivars and their required tolerance is the one such as the physiological activities at low temperature are as active as in Japonica group cultivars at least during young seedling stage and reproduction stage. With conventional Japonica cultivars, such cold tolerant characters are requested as short growth duration but stable basic vegetative growth, less sensitive to high temperature and less prolonged growth duration at low temperature. The methods screening for cold tolerance were developed rapidly after the Tongil cultivar was reliesed. The facilities of screening for cold tolerance, such as, low temperature incubator, cold water tank, growth cabinet, phytotron, cold water nursery in Chuncheon, breeding nursery located in Jinbu, Unbong and Youngduk, are well established. Foreign facilities such as, cold water tank with the rapid generation advancement facilities, cold nurseries located in Banaue, Kathmandu and Kashimir may be available for the screening of some limitted breeding materials. For the reference, screening methods applied at different growth stages in Japan are introduced. The component characters of cold tolerance are not well identified, but the varietal differences in a) germinability, b) young seedling growth, c) rooting, d) tillering, e) discolation, f) nutrition uptake, g) photosynthesis rate, h) delay in heading, i) pollen sterility, and j) grain fertility at low temperature are reported to be distinguishable. Relationships among those traits are not consistent. Reported studies on the inheritance of cold tolerance are summarized. Four or more genes are controlling low temperature germinability, one or several genes are controlling seedling tolerance, and four or more genes are responsible for the pollen fertility of the rice treated with cold air or grown in the cold water nursery. But most of those data indicate that the results may come out in different way if those were tested at different temperature. Many cold tolerant parents among Japonicas, Indicas and Javanicas were identified as the results of the improvement of cold tolerance screening techniques and IRTP efforts and they are ready to be utilized. Considering a) diversification of germ plasm, b) integration of resistances to diseases and insects, c) identification of adaptability of recommending cultivars and, d) systematic control of recommending cultivars, breeding strategies for short term and long term are suggested. For short term, efforts will be concentrated mainly to the conventional cultivar group. Domestic cultivars will be used as foundation stock and ecologically different foreign introductions such as from Hokkaido, China or from Taiwan, will be used as cross parents for the adjustment of growth durations and synthsize the prototype of tolerances. While at the other side, extreme early waxy Japonicas will be crossed with the Indica parents which are identified for their resistances to the diseases and insects. Through the back corsses to waxy Japonicas, those Indica resistances will be transfered to the Japonicas and these will be utilized to the crosses for the improvement of resistances of prototype. For the long term, efforts will be payed to synthsize all the available tolerances identified any from Japonicas, Indicas and Javanicas to diversify the germ plasm. The tolerant cultivars newly synthsized, should be stable and affected minimum. to the low temperature at all the growing stages. The resistances to the diseases and insects should be integrated also. The rapid generation advancement, pollen culture and international cooperations were emphasized to maximize the breeding efficiency.

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Effect of Nitrogen level under low Temperature Condition on Growth Characters, Nitrogen Concentration and Ethylene Evolution of Rice Varieties (저온하에서 질소시비량이 수도품종의 생육형질, 질소함량 및 ethylene 생성량에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Jong-Hoon;Lee, Moon-Hee
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.215-223
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    • 1987
  • This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of nitrogen application on the cold tolerance of rice plant, with treatment of three levels of nitrogen and three times of application under the low temperature at tillering and panicle initiation stages. The higher cold tolerance variety was increased in plant height and number of tillers on high nitrogen level during the low temperature treatment. Nitrogen content of leaf blade was increased, but carbohydrate content was decreased during the low temperature treatment at tillering stage. Ethylene evolution from leaf was remark-ably increased just after low temperature treatment. Highly significant negative correlation was observed bet-ween the nitrogen content of leaf blade and percentage of filled grain under low temperature condition at reproductive growth stage.

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Effect of Silicon on Growth and Temperature Stress Tolerance of Nephrolepis exaltata 'Corditas'

  • Sivanesan, Iyyakkannu;Son, Moon Sook;Soundararajan, Prabhakaran;Jeong, Byoung Ryong
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.142-148
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    • 2014
  • Effect of silicon (Si) nutrition on growth and temperature stress tolerance of Nephrolepis exaltata 'Corditas' grown in a soilless substrate was examined. In vitro-grown acclimatized plantlets were transplanted into the pots containing a coir-based substrate. A nutrient solution containing 0, 50, or $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ Si was supplied through a drip-irrigation system. After 5 months of cultiv ation, S i-treated and -untreated p lants were grown at 10, 25, or $40{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ under a 12 h photoperiod with $530{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ PPFD and 60% RH. After 7 days, chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured. Silicon nutrition had a negative effect on growth characteristics of N. exaltata 'Corditas'. However, Si-treated plants had more tolerance to temperature stress than the control plants. The Fv/Fm value was not significantly different when the plants were exposed to $25^{\circ}C$. However, significant difference in Fv/Fm was recorded when plants were exposed to 10 or $40^{\circ}C$. Thus, Fv/Fm could be used as an indicator of low and high temperature tolerance in ferns. The present study also suggests that application of Si may be used to enhance temperature tolerance of ferns.

Axenic purification and cultivation of an Arctic cyanobacterium, Nodularia spumigena KNUA005, with cold tolerance potential for sustainable production of algae-based biofuel

  • Hong, Ji-Won;Choi, Han-Gu;Kang, Sung-Ho;Yoon, Ho-Sung
    • ALGAE
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.99-104
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    • 2010
  • A psychrotolerant cyanobacterium, Nodularia spumigena KNUA005, was isolated from a cyanobacterial bloom sample collected near Dasan Station in Ny-${\AA}lesund$, Svalbard Islands during the Arctic summer season. To generate an axenic culture, the isolate was subjected to three purification steps: centrifugation, antibiotic treatment and streaking. The broad antibacterial spectrum of imipenem killed a wide range of heterotrophic bacteria, while the cyanobacterium was capable of enduring both antibiotics, the remaining contaminants that survived after treatment with imipenem were eliminated by the application of an aminoglycoside antibiotic, kanamycin. Physical separation by centrifugation and streaking techniques also aided axenic culture production. According to the cold-tolerance test, this mat-forming cyanobacterium was able to proliferate at low temperatures ranging between 15 and $20^{\circ}C$ which indicates the presence of cold-tolerance related genes in N. spumigena KNUA005. This suggests the possibility of incorporating cold-resistance genes into indigenous cyanobacterial strains for the consistent production of algae-based biofuel during the low-temperature seasons. Therefore, it is needed to determine the cold-tolerance mechanisms in the Arctic cyanobacterium in the next research stage.

The Comparative Assessment of Cold Tolerance of Broad-leaved Evergreen Trees by Low Temperature Treatment (저온처리에 따른 국내 상록활엽수종의 내한성 비교 평가)

  • Jin, Eon-Ju;Yoon, Jun Hyuck;Bae, Eun-Ji;Choi, Myung Suk
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.108 no.4
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    • pp.484-492
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    • 2019
  • The aim of the present study was to compare the cold tolerance of seven different types of trees growing in southern Korea to select evergreen broad-leaved trees that can be used as street trees in large land areas experiencing climate change. The trees compared were the thorn tree, Cinnamomum camphora, Camellia japonica, Machilus thunbergii, Dendropanax morbifera, Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq., Quercus glauca Thunb., and Raphiolepis indica. When the trees were subjected to low temperature treatment, their electrolyte elution volume values appeared to increase with the decreases in the treatment temperature. The analysis of the cold tolerance of each type of tree was based on the estimated temperatures in the following order: C. japonica (-11.586℃) > R. indica (-9.348℃) > Q. glauca (-8.719℃) > M. thunbergii (-8.090℃) > D. macropodum (-7.409℃) > D. morbifera (-7.085℃) > C. camphora (-6.995℃). The relative cold tolerance difference found in the seven tree species was more than 5℃, as evaluated previously. In the Lauraceae family, the difference in cold tolerance was more than 2℃, even in the same species. The analysis showed that trees with excellent cold tolerance included Q. glauca Thunb., C. japonica, R. indica, and the thorn tree. This knowledge is required for the evaluation of the possibility of the survival of trees under cold temperature conditions in cities.