• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2011

The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Allium victorialis (AV) leaf methanol extract were evaluated in a high fat diet (HFD) supplied mice. Changes on the serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein were examined. The effects were compared with those of a group given 250 mg/kg of metformin. After 91 days of a continuous HFD supply, the mice were showed marked hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia. However, these hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia induced by the HFD were inhibited by the AV extract treatment at the three different doses (62.5, 125 and 250 mg/kg). The results suggest that the AV methanol extract is beneficial for improving the diet-induced hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in humans.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.36-46
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• 1988

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of different protein and fat levels on the growth and on immune response in rats. In experiment 1, Sprague-Dawly male rats were fed diets containing 6%, 15%, or 30% casein with 2 levels of fat(2% and 30%) at each protein level. In experiment 2 and 3, rats were devided into 8 diet groups ; 4 different sources of proteins(casein, meat protein, fish protein, and gluten) were used at 15% level of the diet with 2% or 30% of dietary fat. The results show as follows 1) The rats in 6% casein group showed lower body weight gain and organ weight than those in 15% and 30% casein groups. There was no significant difference between 15% and 30% casein groups. In experiment 2, the gluten diet group showed the lowest growth rate and epididymal fat pad weight among 4 different dietary protein groups regardless the level of dietary fat. 2) There was no significant difference in immune response according to the sources and levels of dietary protein. However, the rats fed high fat diet showed the lower plaque-forming cell response than those fed low fat diet regardless dietary protein.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

Objectives : The researcher investigated the anti-obesity effect of Platycodi Radix (P), Platycodi Radix and Cyperi Rhizoma combination water extract (PC) in mice fed a high fat diet and focused on the analysis of local area adipose tissue.Methods : Male ICR mice were divided into four groups, which were fed either a normal AIN diet (N group), a high fat diet (HFD group), or a high fat diet and orally administration with a concentraion of 300 mg/kg body weight (P group or PC group) for eight weeks.Results : Compared to mice in the HFD group, mice in the P group or PC group showed significant reductions in weight gain and relative weight of total fat. Compared to mice in the HFD group, mice in the P group showed significant reductions in relative weight of liver. In blood biochemistry analysis, AST, ALT, triglyceride, total-cholesterol and low density lipoprotein(LDL)-cholesterol, AI levels of P group or PC group were significantly lower than those of the control group AI. But serum serum high density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol levels from the P group or PC group were significantly higher than those of the HFD mice in serum. And serum adiponectin levels from the P group or PC group were significantly increased that those of the HFD mice. And adipocyte number in the fat tissue from the P group or PC group was significantly higher than those of the HFD mice.Conclusions : Platycodi Radix, Platycodi Radix-Cyperi Rhizoma have an anti-obesity effect in mice and the effect is mediated by inhibition of fat gain.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.201-216
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• 1998

This study was conducted to assess the nutrient intake and diet quality of college students in Seoul. Dietary survery data were obtained by 24-hour recall method from 774 students, 553 males and 191 females. Mean daily intake of energy was 2,480kcal with 56.4% of energy intake from carbohydrate, 14.6% from protein, and 25.5% from fat. Percentage of fat was higher than mean values of National Nutrition Survey(NNS), adults in rural area or younger students in previous studies. Mean daily intakes of calcium and vitamin A did not meet RDA levels in both sexes and intake of iron in females was insufficient to meet RDA level. The percentage of animal food to total food intake was 25% and consumption of meat, beverage and milk group was higher than those of National Nutrition Survey(NNS). When the consumption of 5 major food groups(grain, meat, milk, fruit, vegetable) were evaluated, 22% of students consumed all 5 groups and 47% consumed 4 groups, which show more balanced food group intake than adults in rural area. Food groups which were omitted frequently were milk and fruit. These results show that college students in Seoul consume better diet than subjects of National Nutrition Survey(NNS) or adults in rural area. However, high fat intake, low calcium and vitamin A intake and low iron level in women were observed. Majority(78%) of students had at least one food group omitted in their diet. Appropriate nutrition education may help to improve the quality of diet in these students.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.485-496
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of a 6-week low-calorie diet (LCD) program including high protein-low carbohydrate protein bar on weight loss, blood pressure, and blood lipid profile in 40 overweight women according to dietary compliance. Methods: Subjects were 62 healthy overweight women (BMI ≥ 23.0 or body fat percentage ≥ 28%), aged 20~59 yrs who were provided a high protein-low carbohydrate protein bar (each 35 g, 154 kcal, protein energy %: 28.6%, carbohydrate energy %: 38.7%) as part of dinner for 6 weeks. Forty subjects who completed the whole diet program were categorized into high compliance (HC) group (days of eating protein bar ≥ 5 weeks) or low compliance (LC) group (days < 5 weeks). Results: Energy intake significantly decreased from 1,867.5 kcal at baseline to 1,137.4 kcal at 6 weeks for the HC group and from 1,971.7 kcal to 1,362.2 kcal for the LC group, respectively. On the other hand, a significant increase in protein energy percentage was observed in each group (HC group: 3.5%, LC group: 2.2%). Both groups showed significant decreases in weight (HC group: 1.8 kg, LC group: 1.1 kg), BMI, fat mass, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol. Reduction of body fat percentage and diastolic blood pressure were only observed in the HC group. Conclusions: The inclusion of a high protein-low carbohydrate protein bar as part of a low-calorie diet for a short period can be effective to achieve weight loss and concomitantly improve blood cholesterol level without serious physiological side effects. More evident results can be achieved by eating a diet with low calorie diet including high protein-low carbohydrate protein bar for more than 5 weeks.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.89-105
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to see the effect of oral administration of reserpine (2mg/d) and tryptophan (40.35mg/d) on the serum amino acid concentrations and organ composition, food consumption, body weight, blood hematocrit(Hct) and hemoglobin(Hb) levels in Sprague-Dawley rats fed 6% or 20% casein diet. Any adverse effects of reserpine and tryptophan were not observed in animals, except that liver fat contents were increased in low protein group. In other words the administration of typtophan decreased liver fat contents in 6% casein and reserpine-treated 20% casein groups, but increased in reserpine-treated 6% casein group. But the low protein diet had significant adverse effects in animals. The 6% casein diet, therefore, had a tendency to decrease food consumption and body weight. The simillar tendency was shown in serum essential amino acid concentrations, organ weight and protein contents of liver and muscle. From the results, it would be safe to conclude that the oral administration of large deses of reserpine and tryptophan did not induce such a signifcant malnutrition as the low protein diet did.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.529-534
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The leaves of Moringa oleifera (MO) and Moringa stenopetala (MS) commonly grown in Ethiopia possess potential nutritional and medicinal value. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional and functional characteristics of the dried leaf powder from two Moringa species to develop sustainable nutritional supplements for Ethiopians from locally grown plant sources. MATERIALS/METHODS: Freshly harvested and air-dried MO and MS leaves were authenticated and the nutritional contents, such as protein, ash, lipids, and selected vitamins and minerals, were analyzed using standard analytical procedures. Amino acid compositions were also determined by an amino acid analyzer. Nine-week-old mice were randomly divided into four groups to investigate the anti-obesity effects of Moringa. The first group was fed a basal diet, the second group a high-fat diet, and the others were fed a high-fat diet containing 0.1% Moringa leaf powder from each species. After seven weeks, serum indices related to lipid profiles from each mouse were analyzed. RESULTS: The present study revealed high protein (28-29%) and ash (7-11%) contents. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid, proline, and leucine were the most abundantly found amino acids in both species. The predominant minerals in the leaf powder were calcium (826-1,530 mg/100 g), potassium (794-904 mg/100 g), and magnesium (286-431 mg/100 g). Pyridoxine (475.06 mg/100 g) and vitamin E (34.2 mg/100 g) were found only in MS. Niacin was found only in MO at 32.21 mg/100 g, whereas ascorbic acid was found in both species (3.89 and 6.19 mg/100 g dry weight for MO and MS, respectively). The results of the animal study showed that mice on a high-fat diet containing 0.1% MO leaf powder alleviated the elevation of cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol induced by the high fat diet. MO was more effective than MS in preventing hypercholesterolemia and fat deposition. CONCLUSION: The findings in this work confirmed that Moringa leaves of both MO and MS possessed high nutritional value but MO was better at preventing the harmful effects of the high-fat diet than MS.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 2009

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fasting and high-fat diet feeding on uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) mRNA levels, uncoupling the respiratory chain and producing heat, of skeletal muscle in rat. METHODS. Fasting experiment: Forty Male Sprague-Dawley rats (5 wk) were divided into non-fasting groups (CON) and fasting groups (FG) for 0 day, 0.5 day (12 hr), 1 day, 2 day and 3 day. The rats of CON were sacrificed at 0 and 3 day. High-fat diet experiment: Forty Male Sprague-Dawley rats (5 wk) were divided into low-fat diet groups (LF) and high-fat diet group feeding for 0 day, 0.5 day (12 hr), 1 day, 2 day and 3 day. The rats of LF were sacrificed at 0 and 3 day. Analysis: Analysis of UCP3 mRNA expression was used by Real-time PCR. RESULTS. UCP3 mRNA levels of FG group were increased according to time course for 2 days- fasting but decreased at 3 day-fasting. UCP3 mRNA of HF were increased during HF diet feeding for 2 day, and peaked at 1 day-HF feeding, but decreased 2 day and 3 day-HF feeding CONCLUSION. Therefore, it may be rational that UCP3 is up-regulation when a large amount of fatty acids influx occurs in skeletal muscles as well as might have a role for fine adjustments of energy expenditure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.37-50
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• 1972

An analysis of the free amino acid contained in the plasma and erythrocytes of the six groups of Wistar Strain male adult rats(body weight 200-300g) having fasted for sixteen hours was made by means of the HITACHI Amino Acid Autoanalyzer and the result of which was corrected with RC-24 B TOMY Micro Hematocrit Centrifuge. There was a depression of the plasma and erythrocytes free amino acid level on the noprotein diet with ad libitum feeding. But on the 20% casein diet there was an elevation in the levels of free amino acid and consequently alanine, glysine, lysine, serine and arginine level in the erythrocytes and threonine glutamic acid and taurine level in the plasma increased on the high protein diet. There was more plasma and erythrocytes free amino acid level on the 5% casein-30% fat diet than on the 5% casein-no fat diet with pair-feeding. In comparison, on the low calorie diet more free amino acids were found in plasma than in erythrocytes, but on the higher calorie diet more free amino acids were found in the erythrocytes than in the plasma. On the 20% casein-30% fat diet with pair-feeding the erythrocytes free amino acids level increased but in plasma free amino acids level decreased. Such as an opposite result was given in plasma and erythrocytes free amino acids level. In the pair-fed four groups, erythrocytes per plasma generally increased in the rate of less than 10.0 as the calorie increased. The essential amino acid per non essential amino acid generally increased in the ratio as protein level and calorie increased, and that ratio range was from 0.2 to 0.7. And essential amino acid per non essential amino acid of plasma was higher than that of erythrocytes.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.69-84
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• 1971

An analysis of the free amino acid contained in the plasma and erythrocytes of the six groups of Wistar Strain male adult rats (body weight 200-300g) having fasted for sixteen hours was made by means of the HITACHI Amino Acid Autoanalyzer and the result of which was corrected with RC-24B TOMY Micro Hematocrit Centrifuge. There was a depression of the plasma and erythrocytes free amino acid level on the no-protein diet with ad libitum feeding. But on the 20% casein diet there was an elevation in the levels of free amino acid and consequently alanine, glysine, lysine, serine and arginine level in the erythrocytes and threonine, glutamic acid and taurine level in the plasma increased on the high protein diet. There was more plasma and erythrocytes free amino acid level on the 5% casein- 30% fat diet than on the 5% casein-no fat diet with pair-feeding. In comparison, on the low calorie diet more free amino acids were found in plasma than in erythrocytes, but on the higher calorie diet more free amino acids were found in the erythrocytes than in the plasma. On the 20% casein-30% fat diet with pair-feeding the erythrocytes free amino acids level increased but in plasma free amino acids level decreased. Such as an opposite result was given in plasma and erythrocytes free amino acids level. In the pair-fed four groups, erythrocytes per plasma generally increased in the rate of less than 10.0 as the calorie increased. The essential amino acid per non essential amino acid generally increased in the ratio as protein level and calorie increased, and that ratio range was from 0.2 to 0.7. And essential amino acid per non essential amino acid of plasma was higher than that of erythrocytes.