• 플랜트 저널
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.26-30
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• 2013

유동가속부식에 의해 배관이 파손된 500 MW급 A 복합발전소 배열회수보일러 저압증기발생기 배관을 모델로 삼아 배관급수 내의 용존산소 부족이 유동가속부식의 주요 원인임을 도출하고 용존산소를 증가시키기 위해 적용된 하이드라이진 차단 수처리에 대한 적용효과를 분석하였다. 수처리 적용 1년 후 급수의 용존산소는 0.15 ppb에서 3~5 ppb로 상승되고, 산화환원전위도 -245 mV에서 170 mV로 산화성으로 상승되었다. 또한 유동가속부식에 의한 부식생성물인 철분함유량은 18.5 ppb에서 5~7 ppb로 감소되었다. 따라서 하이드라이진 차단 수처리로 급수의 용존산소가 증가되며 유동가속부식에 의한 배관의 부식생성물인 철분함유량이 감소됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.185-193
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• 2020

Bimodal flocculation describes the aggregation and breakage processes of the flocculi (or primary particles) and the flocs in the water environment. Bimodal flocculation causes bimodal size distribution with the two separate peaks of the flocculi and the flocs. Extracellular polymeric substances and ionic species common in the water environment increase the occurrence of bimodal flocculation and flocculi-floc size distribution, under the flocculation mechanisms of electrostatic attraction and polymeric bridging. This study investigated bimodal flocculation and flocculi-floc size distribution, with respect to the extracellular polymeric substance concentration and ionic strength in the kaolinite-containing suspension. The batch flocculation tests comprising 0.12 g/L of kaolinite showed that the highest flocculation potential occurred at the lowest xanthan gum (as extracellular polymeric substances) concentration, under all the ionic strengths of 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 M NaCl. Also, it was important to note that the higher ionic strength resulted in the higher flocculation potential, at all the xanthan gum concentrations. The bimodal flocculation and flocculi-floc size distribution became apparent in the experimental conditions, which had low and intermediate flocculation potential. Besides the polymeric bridging flocculation, steric stabilization increased the flocculi mass fraction against the floc mass fraction, thereby developing the bimodal size distribution.

• 공업화학
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.361-365
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• 2005

$O_2$, $H_2O$, acrylic acid, diaminocyclohexane 등의 저온 플라즈마를 이용하여 시멘트 보강용 탄소 섬유 표면을 친수성으로 개질한 다음, 이에 대한 효과를 살펴보았다. 물과의 접촉각이 $75{\sim}80^{\circ}$ 정도로 소수성이던 표면이 친수성으로 변하여 접촉각이 $10^{\circ}$ 이하로까지 낮아졌으며, 이에 따라 흡습성 및 수용액에서 분산성이 크게 향상되었다. 또한, 섬유표면의 제타 포텐셜이 변하여 시멘트와 정전기적 인력이 향상됨으로써 시멘트의 결착도 향상과 함께 시멘트와의 결합이 57~124%까지 향상되었다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.241-249
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• 2013

Ethanolamine (ETA) is widely used for alkalinization of water in steam cycles of nuclear power plants with pressurized water reactor. When ETA contained wastewater was released, it could increase COD and T-N. The treatment of the COD and T-N from ETA wastewater was investigated using the GAC as particle electrodes in three-dimensional electrode reactor (TDE). This study evaluated the effectiveness of GAC as particle electrode using different packing ratio at 300 V. The results showed that GAC-TDE could reduce ETA much more efficiently than ZVI-TDE at the mass ratio of GAC to insulator, 1:2. Additionally, The effect of applied electric potential to COD and T-N reduction was investigated. The results showed the high COD, T-N reduction and current efficiency at the low electric potential. Using the GAC-TDE will provide a better ETA reduction with reducing electrical potential dissipation.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.175-179
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• 1997

To explanin allopatric distribution of Carpinus cordata and C. laxiflora in the field the effect of soil flooding on photosynthesis and water relations was tested with field grown saplings. Under the flooding condition stomatal conductance of C. laxiflora decreased markedly from day two after flooding treatment and remanined low throughout the experiment. In contrast, flooding had no effect on stomatal conductance of C. cordata throughout the exper iment. The rate of photosynthesis of C. laxiflora was significantly suppressed under flooding conditions, whereas that of C. cordata was not affected in the flooded condition. On day seven after flooding treatment xylem pressure potential of C. laxiflora significantly decreased. Flooding, however, did not have any effect on the xylem pressure potential of C. cordata throughout the experiment. From these findings it is concluded that there is a difference in resistance to flooding between C. cordata and C. laxiflora and that one of the the factors responsible for allopatric distribution in the two species is flooding.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2016

Power interruption is a phenomenon that no voltage is displayed over a short time or long time. Most devices will not operate normally when the supply voltage is low or does not exist. However, the device can also be operated with a different power which is ensured by a separate power generation. Recently, power interruption has been reduced gradually by the improvement of electricity quality, its duration also has been very short. Induction motors are widely used for the pumping in the water and sewage facilities and power plant applications. The pump is used as a machine for moving the fluid in the high place from a low location. So pump equipment always have a potential energy. If a momentary interruption occurs, the potential energy of the pump is reversed as that of water turbine and motor is operated as generator. This study is an analysis for the voltage variation, current, torque and power flow by the generating operation of the induction motor before and after the change of momentary interruption.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

Arsenic is a ubiquitous element found in several forms in environment. Although certain foods, such as marine fish, contain substantial levels of organic arsenic forms, they are relatively low in toxicity compared to inorganic forms. In contrast, arsenic in drinking water is predominantly inorganic and very toxic. Chronic ingestion of arsenic-contaminated drinking water is therefore the major pathway posing potential risk to human health. World populations are exposed to low to moderate levels of arsenic of parts per billion (ppb) to thousands of ppb. When exposed to human, it could metabolize into monomethylarsonous acid ($MMA^{III}$) and dimethylarsinous acid ($DMA^{III}$) which are highly toxic. Lots of stuides have been recently focused how $MMA^{III}\;and\;DMA^{III}$ induce toxic insults in various target tissues. Epidemiological studies revealed that chronic arsenic exposure caused cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes etc. In this review, the current understanding of arsenic on health effects will be discussed.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.161-165
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• 2005

Recently, it is on the increase interest for Al alloy with new material for ship application to substitute for FRP ship. The reason is thatAl alloy ship has beneficial characteristics such as high sea speed, increase of loadage and easy to recycle compared with FRP ship. In this paper, mechanical and electrochemical properties are investigated by slow strain rate test experiment in various applied potential condition. These results will provide as reference data to design ship by deciding optimum protection potential regard to hydrogen embrittlement and stress corrosion cracking. In general, Al and Al alloys are not corroded with forming film which has the corrosion resistance property in neutral solution. However, it was observed that formation and destruction of passive film by $Cl^-$ ion in sea water environment. At comparison of current density after 1200 sec in potentiostatic experiment, the current density in the potential range of -0.68 $\~$-1.5 V is shown low value. The low current density means protection potential range. Elongation in applied potential of 0 V was high. However, the corrosion protection application in this condition is impossible potential because the toughness is low value by decreasing strength by active dissolution reaction at parallel part of specimen. The film composed with $CaCO_3$ and $Mg(OH)_2$ has a corrosion resistance property. However, the uniform electrodeposition coating at below -1.6 V potential is not formed since the time to form the uniform electrodeposition coating is short. Therefore, it is concluded that mechanical property is poor because effect by hydrogen gas generation is larger than that of electrodeposition coating. It is concluded that the optimum protection potential range from comparison of_maxim urn tensile strength, elongation and time to fracture is -1.3$\~$0.7 V (SSCE).

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2013

This study is an attempt to quantify rainwater utilization and miscellaneous water demand in Tokyo's 23 special wards, the core of the urban area in Tokyo, Japan, in order to elucidate the potential of further rainwater utilization. The rainwater utilization for miscellaneous appropriate water demands, including toilet flushing, air conditioning, and garden irrigation, were calculated for six different types of building: residential house, office, department store, supermarket, restaurant, and accommodation. Miscellaneous water demands in these different types of building were expressed in terms of equivalent rainfall of 767, 1,133, 3,318, 1,887, 16,574, and 2,227 (mm/yr), respectively, compared with 1,528 mm of Tokyo's average annual precipitation. Building types, numbers and its height were considered in this study area using geographic information system data to quantify miscellaneous water demands and the amount of rainwater utilization in each ward. Area precipitation-demand ratio was used to measure rainwater utilization potential for miscellaneous water demands. Office and commercial areas, such as Chiyoda ward, showed rainwater utilization potentials of <0.3, which was relatively low compared to those wards where many residential houses are located. This is attributed to the relatively high miscellaneous water demand. In light of rainwater utilization based on building level, the introduction of rainwater storage mechanisms with a storage depth of 50 mm for six different types of buildings was considered, and calculated as rainfall of 573, 679, 819, 766, 930, and 787 (mm), respectively. Total rainwater utilization using such storage facilities in each building from 23 wards resulted in the retention of 102,760,000 $m^3$ of water for use in miscellaneous applications annually, and this volume corresponded to 26.3% of annual miscellaneous water demand.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2007

이 연구는 음나무의 생장에 대한 생리 생태적 특성을 측정하여 조림목의 적지환경을 구명하고자 하는 일련의 연구이다. 본 측정에서는 잎의 기공증산속도의 일변화, 수분이용효율의 일변화, 수분포텐셜의 일변화, 그리고 세포간극의 $CO_2$ 농도 일변화 등을 측정, 고찰하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 기공증산속도의 일변화는 오전 10시경이 가장 높았으며, 16시를 기점으로 기공증산속도는 빠르게 감소하였다. 2) 수분이용효율의 일변화는 오전 8시경에 최대치를 보였고, 그 후 수분포텐셜의 감소와 함께 정오까지 빠르게 감소하였다가 회복한 후 17시 이후부터는 급격한 감소를 보였다. 3) 세포간극의 $CO_2$ 농도($C_i/C_a$ 비율)의 일변화는 오전 9시까지 빠르게 감소하였고, 그 후 16시까지는 큰 변화 없이 안정한 값을 유지하였으며, 16시 이후부터는 다시 빠르게 증가하였다. $C_i/C_a$ 비율의 일변화는 수분포텐셜의 일변화와 거의 유사한 경향을 보였다. 결과적으로 산지에 식재된 음나무 잎의 기공증산, 수분이용효율, 수분포텐셜이 높은 오전에 가장 증가하고, 오후부터 급격한 감소를 나타냈다.