• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.53-58
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• 2012

A conductor has been produced according to IEC standard and low voltage electrical facility has been installed according to IEC 60364. But because of many related and varied standards, it is difficult to apply to design and inspect for electrical equipment. We researched the necessity of design guide which is detailed and systematization from survey. For detailed design guide, we suggest application method and review items at calculations for voltage drop calculations on low voltage feeder by IEC 60364, BS 7671 standard and Consumer's Electrical Installation Guide.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.115-117
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• 2002

In general, it is supposed that load characteristics of high and low voltage distribution line are always coincidence. But in practical distribution system, voltage variation characteristics of high and low voltage distribution line are not same. Then in this paper, we proposes a voltage regulation method considering load variation characteristics of high and low voltage distribution line in distribution system.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.07b
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• pp.961-963
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• 2000

Most of the application standard of the low-voltage devices have applied one the IEC standard another the UL standard. European union applied the IEC60947-1 standard has not exceed 1000V a.c. or 1500V d.c.. Therefore. it is necessary to the low-voltage device has expended for rated operational voltage with our products. The export of European market shall be made for the CE-Marking in accordance with IEC60947-1 ( Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear). We shall be considered for the requirement with the IEC standard. In this time to study for power supply system at EU ( European union. At that time for design and development in order to the construction and test method among the study for the rated insulation voltage at less then 690V.

• Journal of Advanced Information Technology and Convergence
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.59-67
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• 2018

The minimum power supply voltage of a typical bandgap current reference (BGCR) is limited by operating temperature and input common mode range (ICMR) of a feedback amplifier. A new BGCR using a bandgap voltage generator (BGVG) is proposed to minimize the effect of temperature, supply voltage, and process variation. The BGVG is designed with proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) characteristic, and a feedback amplifier is designed with weak-inversion transistors for low voltage operation. It is verified with a $0.18-{\mu}m$ CMOS process with five corners for MOS transistors and three corners for BJTs. The proposed circuit is superior to other reported current references under temperature variation from $-40^{\circ}C$ to $120^{\circ}C$ and power supply variation from 1.2 V to 1.8 V. The total power consumption is $126{\mu}W$ under the conditions that the power supply voltage is 1.2 V, the output current is $10{\mu}A$, and the operating temperature is $20^{\circ}C$.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.267-273
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• 1992

An advanced on-resistance model of VDMOS devices in the low voltage regimes is proposed and verified by 2-D device simulations. The model considers the lateral gaussian doping profiles in the channel region and exact current spreading angles in the epitaxial layer for both linear and cellular geometries by employing the conformal mapping, It is found out that the on-resistance of low voltage VDMOS may be overestimated considerably if it is analyzed by the conventional method. The 2-D device simulation results show that the proposed model is valid for the VDMOS devices in the low voltage regimes.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers B
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2004

This paper presents a new hybrid control method of asymmetrical half-bridge converter (AHBC) with low voltage stresses of the diodes. The proposed new control scheme can observe variation of secondary diode voltage stresses by using feedback of the input voltage and then decide the control portions, which are symmetrical control and asymmetrical control. Therefore, the proposed control scheme has many advantages such as a low rated voltage of the secondary diodes and low conduction loss according to the low voltage drop. The principle of the proposed control scheme is explained in detail and its validity is verifiedthrough simulated and experimental results

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.699-704
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• 2005

In the station of the railway and the subway various illumination equipment and a general power equipment for a passenger convenience, the signal equipment and the communication equipment which is necessary to the train operation provided. At the all of like this equipment from the electric room which is established in each station by changing from high voltage to low voltage and it supplies from the illumination transformer, the power transformer and the signal transformer. If it supplies to the equipment from the high voltage to the low voltage, it must be established to contact protection device in between the high voltage coil and the low voltage coil. Also it must do the grounding faulting device at the low voltage lines, the earthing devices at apparatus for the protection of an electric shock and an electric fire by the electric relation law. Compared the related regulations between the facilities which require protective functions such as grounding fault or earthing in public utilities like subway stations, and the facilities which do not require line earthing or protective functions such as electricity supplied for signalling the train. Also, will describe a countermeasure for the accident from a grounding fault.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.137-142
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• 2008

The band-gap reference voltage generator which can be operated by low voltage is proposed in this paper. The proposed BGR circuit can be realized in logic process by using parasitic NPN BJTs because a $Low-V_T$ transistors are not necessary. The proposed BGR circuit is designed and fabricated using $0.18{\mu}m$ triple-well process. The mean voltage of measured VREF is 0.72V and the three sigma$(3{\sigma})$ is 45.69mv.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.138-145
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• 1996

A multilayer piezoelectric transformer (MPT) which generates a high voltage dc power with low driving voltage and high voltage setup ratio was made by the tape casting method. The measured electrical characteristics of the MPT agreed with the results simulated from the equivalent circuit of the MPT. With increasing the number of layer in the MPT, the resonance curve of the input cur-rent revealed an asymmetry due to the increasing input capacitance, while that of output dc voltages revealed symmetry. The MPT which has very thin layer was excellently characterized as low driving voltage and high voltage setup ratio. The output dc voltage is nonlinearly influenced by the number of layer in the MPT.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• summer
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• pp.233-235
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• 2004

Operation of wind turbines has impacts on the voltage quantity at the connected electricity network. Increasing penetration of wind energy makes necessary to study the power quality regarding voltage variations(sag, swell, interruption) and presence of harmonics in the id. This paper investigates the voltage quality of low voltage customers connected to wind generation system. To study the influences of wind power generation to low voltage power system, voltage data are collected in three house using PQM(Power Quality Monitoring) equipment during one month and analyzed regarding voltage variation and harmonics