• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.839-845
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• 2011

산소부화 조건의 $CH_4/O_2/N_2$ 화염에서 트리플루오르메탄의 영향을 조사하기 위해 1기압에서 자유롭게 전파하는 예혼합 화염에 대한 수치해석을 수행하였다. 트리플루오르메탄은 화염속도 감소에 기여하며, 감소의 크기는 화학적 효과보다 물리적 효과에 의해 더 크다. 트리플루오르메탄은 산소부화된 $CH_4/O_2/N_2$ 화염에서 더 많이 첨가되고 소비될 수 있다. 트리플루오르메탄은 주로 $CF_3{\rightarrow}CF_2{\rightarrow}CF{\rightarrow}CF:O{\rightarrow}CO$을 통해 분해되고, 산소부화 화염에서 $CHF_3+M{\rightarrow}CF_2+HF+M$이 중요한 역할을 한다. 억제제가 산소 부화 화염에 첨가함에 따라 활성기 최대 농도의 위치는 상대적으로 낮은 온도로 이동하고, OH의 순생성률은 H의 순생성률보다 높다.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2007년도 동계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.459-465
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• 2007

This study was conducted to calculate the LCC of a apartment complex with a type of heating system, district heating and cogeneration system. For the purpose of analyzing LCC according to size of apartment complex, 500, 1,500 and 4,000 houses of model apartment selected. This research performs design of heating system and the life cycle cost analysis including an initial cost, energy cost, maintenance and operation cost, replacement cost and renovation cost during the project period(15years). According to the calculated results, 1) Initial cost of cogeneration system with 500, 1500 and 4000 houses is higher than district heating system each of 20%, 13%, 12%. 2) In case of cogeneration system, the payback period by electric generation is 5.21, 4.92 and 4.47 years and saving cost was calculated 29 billion won, 94 billion won and 262 billion won after payback period. 3) Cogeneration system LCC was 1.12, 1.07 and 1.06 times larger than district system with the size of apartment complex. According to the case of this study district heating system is more efficient than cogeneration system in terms of the reduction of LCC. 4) Gas Engine Co-generation System is more efficient than other systems because it can collect progressive part from electric charge progressive stage system. However, the efficiency is decreasing because of raising of fuel bills(LNG) and lowering of power rate for house use. Especially the engine is foreign-made so the cost of maintenance and repair is high and the technical expert is short. 5) District heating is also affected by fuel bills so we should improve energy efficiency through recovering of waste heat(incineration heat, etc.). Also, we should supply district cooling on the pattern of heat using of let the temperature high in winter and low in summer.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.96-104
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• 2020

주간 무인 감시를 위하여 가시광 파장 범위인 400~700 nm에서 렌즈와 거울의 기능을 동시에 갖는 구멍 없는 하이브리드 렌즈를 활용한 반사굴절식 전방위 줌 광학계를 설계하고 그 성능을 분석하였다. 하이브리드 렌즈는 렌즈에 구멍을 뚫는 작업이 없고 광학 부품의 수량을 줄일 수 있기 때문에 전방위 줌 광학계의 제작과 조립에서 많은 장점을 갖는다. 이 광학계에서 결상된 도넛 형태의 상에서 안쪽의 압축된 낮은 공간주파수의 상 영역을 확대하여 보기 위해서 줌 렌즈의 기능을 추가한 전방위 광학계의 최적화 설계를 진행하였다. 그 결과 최적화 설계된 광학계의 변조전달함수, 스폿 다이어그램 분석, 공차 분석을 통해 이 광학계의 성능을 분석한 결과로부터 설계 목표 사양을 만족함을 알 수 있었다. 줌 광학계를 주밍할 때 -30~50℃의 온도 변화에 따른 비열화 해석을 한 결과, 적절한 렌즈의 재질을 선정하여 온도 변화에도 상 거리 변화가 거의 없는 광학계임을 확인하였다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.544-551
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• 2015

This study was conducted to determine the LCC of apartment complexes with district heating and a cogeneration system. For the purpose of analyzing LCC according to the size of the apartment complex, 500, 1,500, and 4,000-unit model apartments were selected. Analysis was performed on the design of the heating system and the life cycle cost including total construction cost, maintenance and operation cost for the duration of the project period (15 years). According to the calculated results, 1) The initial cost of the cogeneration system for 500, 1,500, and 4,000-unit apartments is higher than that of the district heating system by 20%, 13%, and 12%, respectively. 2) In the case of the cogeneration system, the payback period by electric generation was found to be 5.21, 4.92 and 4.47 years, and saving cost was calculated to be 29 billion won, 94 billion won and 262 billion won after the payback period for 500, 1,500, and 4,000-unit apartments, respectively. 3) The LCC values of the cogeneration system were 1.12, 1.07 and 1.06 times larger than those of the district system according to the size of the apartment complex. In this study, the district heating system was found to be more efficient than the cogeneration system in terms of LCC reduction. 4) District heating is affected by fuel bills, so energy efficiency should be improved through recovering waste heat (incineration heat, etc.). Also, district cooling should be provided according to heat use to keep the temperature high in winter and low in summer.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.28-36
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• 2018

Metal-organic frameworks have recently been considered very promising modifiers in electrochemical analysis due to their unique characteristics among which tunable pore sizes, crystalline ordered structures, large surface areas and chemical tenability are worth noting. In the present research, $Cu(btec)_{0.5}DMF$ was electrodeposited on the surface of glassy carbon electrode at room temperature under cathodic potential and was initially used as the active materials for the detection of $H_2O_2$. The cyclic voltammogram of $Cu(btec)_{0.5}DMF$ modified GC electrode shows distinct redox peaks potentials at +0.002 and +0.212 V in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.5) corresponding to $Cu^{(II)}/Cu^{(I)}$ in $Cu(btec)_{0.5}DMF$. Acting as the electrode materials of a non-enzymatic $H_2O_2$ biosensor, the $Cu(btec)_{0.5}DMF$ brings about a promising electrocatalytic performance. The high electrocatalytic activity of the $Cu(btec)_{0.5}DMF$ modified GC electrode is demonstrated by the amperometric response towards $H_2O_2$ reduction with a wide linear range from $5{\mu}M$ to $8000{\mu}M$, a low detection limit of $0.865{\mu}M$, good stability and high selectivity at an applied potential of -0.2 V, which was higher than some $H_2O_2$ biosensors.

• 세라미스트
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.184-199
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• 2020

The solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are the one of the most promising energy conversion devices which can directly convert chemical energy into electric power with high efficiency and low emission. The lowering operating temperature below 800 ℃ has been considered as the mostly considerable research and development for commercialization. The major issue is to maintain reasonably high performance of SOFCs at reduced temperatures due to increment of polarization resistance of electrodes and electrolyte. Thus, the alternative materials with high catalytic activities and fast oxygen ion conductivity are required. For recent advances in electrolyte materials and technology, newly designed, highly conductive electrolyte materials and structural engineering of them provide a new path for further reduction in ohmic polarization resistance from electrolytes. Here, a powerful strategy of the bilayer concept with various oxide electrolytes of SOFCs are briefly reviewed. These recent developments also highlight the need for electrolytes with greater conductivity to achieve a high performance, thus providing a useful guidance for the rational design of cell structures for SOFCs. Moreover, cell design, materials compatibility, processing methods, are discussed, along with their role in determining cell performance. Results from state-of-the-art SOFCs are presented, and future prospects are discussed.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.13-21
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• 1999

Flip chip assembly directly on organic boards offers miniaturization of package size as well as reduction in interconnection distances resulting in a high performance and cost-competitive Packaging method. This paper describes the investigation of alternative low cost flip-chip mounting processes using electroless Ni/Au bump and anisotropic conductive adhesives/films as an interconnection material on organic boards such as FR-4. As bumps for flip chip, electroless Ni/Au plating was performed and characterized in mechanical and metallurgical point of view. Effect of annealing on Ni bump characteristics informed that the formation of crystalline nickel with $Ni_3$P precipitation above $300^{\circ}C$ causes an increase of hardness and an increase of the intrinsic stress resulting in a reliability limitation. As an interconnection material, modified ACFs composed of nickel conductive fillers for electrical conductor and non-conductive inorganic fillers for modification of film properties such as coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE) and tensile strength were formulated for improved electrical and mechanical properties of ACF interconnection. The thermal fatigue life of ACA/F flip chip on organic board limited by the thermal expansion mismatch between the chip and the board could be increased by a modified ACA/F. Three ACF materials with different CTE values were prepared and bonded between Si chip and FR-4 board for the thermal strain measurement using moire interferometry. The thermal strain of ACF interconnection layer induced by temperature excursion of $80^{\circ}C$ was decreased with decreasing CTEs of ACF materials.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.3361-3369
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 효모균주와 발효조건 등을 달리하여 머루를 첨가하여 복분자 와인의 품질을 향상시키는데 있다. 효모별 복분자 와인 술덧 품질에 미치는 영향 연구에서는 Y1(Lalvin 71B)효모가 젖산, 퓨젤유 성분을 발효후에 타 효모에 비해 유의적으로 높게 생성하였으며, 술덧의 산도를 낮추고 복분자 와인의 아로마를 강화하는데 효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 발효온도가 복분자 와인 술덧에 미치는 영향 연구에서는 고온발효($25^{\circ}C$)에서 Y1 효모를 이용하여 발효한 술덧에서 낮은 온도($15^{\circ}C$)에서 발효한 술덧에서보다 아로마 성분(에틸 아세테이트 및 고급알코올)이 유의적으로 높게 생성되었다. 본 연구를 통해 머루를 첨가한 복분자 와인제조시 Y1 효모를 이용하고 고온에서 발효하는 것이 복분자 와인의 맛과 아로마를 강화하는데 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2020

초소형 위성인 큐브위성의 경우 위성체의 제한적인 중량 및 부피를 고려하여 경량화 및 전기적 회로설계 측면에서 유리한 PCB 기반의 전개형 태양전지판이 폭넓게 적용되고 있으나, PCB의 낮은 두께 방향 열전도율로 인해 태양전지셀의 방열이 어려운 점이 있다. 본 논문에서 제안한 6U 큐브위성용 태양전지판은 PCB 기반의 태양전지판으로 제작되고, 판넬 외곽에 장착된 알루미늄 보강재 접속부에 열전도 패드가 적용된다. 따라서 판넬 전면부의 태양전지셀에서 방열면인 판넬 후면으로 열전달이 원활하도록 하여 PCB 적용에 따른 장점을 유지하면서도 방열성능을 극대화함으로서 태양전지셀 온도 하강에 따른 전력생성효율 향상이 가능한 장점을 갖는다. 본 연구에서 제안된 열전도 패드가 적용된 태양전지판의 열제어 측면에서의 유효성 입증을 위해 궤도 열해석을 통해 기존 PCB 태양전지판과 비교 분석을 실시하였다.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.377-384
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• 2018

The chamber method is widely used for measuring methane emission from paddy rice fields. The closed static chamber has advantages of easy installation and removal in the field and low manufacturing cost. However, the manual chamber method requires a lot of labor and has a limited sampling time and frequency. To overcome the disadvantages of the manual chamber, the auto-chamber system is used for measuring methane emission. We compared the differences in methane flux between the auto-chamber and manual chamber. To investigate methane emissions by the two methods, a chamber was installed for each of the following treatments : control without rice straw (NA), spring plowing after autumn rice straw application (SPRA) and autumn plowing after autumn rice straw application (APRA). The total methane emission was lowest in the control and highest in APRA with both methods. There was no significant difference in total methane emission between the methods, but dynamic fluctuation in methane with temperature change was accurately measured in the auto-chamber. Measuring methane emission with an auto-chamber system is expected to reduce uncertainty and increase accuracy, accompanied by labor reduction.