• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.272-282
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• 2002

Mercurous bromide ($Hg_{2}0Br_{2}$) crystals hold promise for many acousto-optic and opto-electronic applications. This material is prepared in closed ampoules by the physical vapor transport (PVT) growth method. Due to the temperature gradient between the source and the growing crystal region, the buoyancy-driven convection may occur. The effects of thermal convection on the crystal growth rate was investigated in this study in a horizontal configuration for conditions ranging from typical laboratory conditions to conditions achievable only in a low gravity environment. The results showed that the growth rate increases linearly with Grashof number, and for 0.2 $\leq$ Ar (transport length-to-height, L/H)$\leq$1.0 sharply for Ar=5 and $\Delta$T=30 K. We have also shown that the magnitude of convection decreases with the Ar. For gravity levels of less than $10^{-2}$g the non-uniformity of interfacial distribution is negligible.

• 센서학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.178-182
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• 2008

Planar type micro catalytic combustible gas sensor was developed by using nano crystalline $SnO_2$ Pt thin film as micro heater was deposited by thermal evaporation method on the alumina substrate. The thickness of the Pt heater was around 160 nm. The sensor showed high reliability with prominent selectivity against various gases(Co, $C_3H_8,\;CH_4$) at low operating temperature($156^{\circ}C$). The sensor with nano crystalline $SnO_2$ showed higher sensitivity than that without nano crystalline $SnO_2$. This can be explained by more active adsorption and oxidation of hydrogen by nano crystalline $SnO_2$ particles. The present planar-type catalytic combustible hydrogen sensor with nano crystalline $SnO_2$ is a good candidate for detection of hydrogen leaks.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.209-214
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• 2007

Sr hexaaluminate($Sr_{1-x}La_xMnAl_{11}O_{19-\alpha}$)와 금속 alkoxide를 전구체로, 1-butanol과 ethylene glycol을 각각 용매로 사용한 sol-gel 법으로 합성하였다. 용매 변화에 따른 Sr hexaaluminate의 물리적 특성을 TG/DTA, XRD 및 $N_2$ adsorption을 이용하여 분석하였다. 합성 후 건조한 시료에 대한 열분해 거동을 분석한 결과는 1-butanol을 용매로 사용하여 합성한 hexaaluminate와 비교할 때, ethylene glycol을 용매로 이용한 경우 용매의 분해반응과 dehydroxylation 반응이 관찰되었고, 결정생성 온도도 상승하였다. Dehydroxylation 반응과 결정생성온도의 상승은 hexaaluminate의 소결현상을 가속시켜 낮은 비표면적의 원인이 되었다. 메탄에 대한 연소 반응으로 표면적 차이가 촉매 활성에 영향을 주었음을 확인하였다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.178-184
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• 2010

마이크로 웨이브 연소합성법(microwave-assistant combustion method)를 이용하여 $12CaO{\cdot}7Al_2O_3$(C12A7) 분말을 성공적으로 제작하였고, $H_2$ 가스 분위기에서의 후열처리를 통하여 C12A7:H 제작에 성공하였다. 분말의 합성 여부 와 결정성 확인 및 분말 하소 시 온도에 따른 반응 분석을 위하여 X-ray diffraction(XRD) 및 TG-DSC 분석을 시행하였다. 또한, 후 열처리 후 C12A7 cage 내부의 자유산소 이온이 수소 이온으로 치환되었는지 확인하기 위하여 TG-MS 분석을 시행하였고, $289.5^{\circ}C$에서 H와 $H_2$ 가스가 방출되는 것이 확인되었으므로, H 이온이 cage 내부로 치환된 것을 확인시켜준다. 성공적으로 치환된 C12A7:H 를 홀 측정기(Hall measurement)를 이용하여 전도성을 측정하여 본 결과 $1000^{\circ}C$, Ar/H=8:2의 분위기에서 8h 이상 처리된 C12A7:H의 경우 상온(300 K)에서 $10^2{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$의 비저항 값을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.542-547
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• 2015

Since the oil price has been significantly jumped for several years, a heavy oil of low quality has been mainly used in the diesel engine of the merchant ship. Thus, a combustion chamber of the engine has been often exposed to severely corrosive environment more and more because temperature of the exhaust gas of the combustion chamber has been getting higher and higher with increasing of using the heavy oil of low quality. As a result, wear and corrosion of the engine parts such as exhaust valve, piston crown and cylinder head surrounded with combustion chamber are more serious compared to the other parts of the engine. Therefore, an optimum repair welding for these engine parts is very important to prolong their lifetime in a economical point of view. In this study, Inconel 625 filler metal were welded with GTAW method in the cast steel which would be generally used with piston crown material. And the corrosion properties of weld metal, heat affected and base metal zones were investigated using electrochemical methods such as measurement of corrosion potential, anodic polarization curves, cyclic voltammogram and impedance etc. in 35% $H_2SO_4$ solution. The weld metal and base metal zones exhibited the highest and lowest values of hardness respectively. Furthermore, the corrosion current density of the weld metal zone revealed the lowest value, having the highest value of hardness. The corrosive products with red color and local corrosion like as a pitting corrosion were considerably observed at the base metal zone, while these morphologies were not wholly observed in the weld metal zone. In particular, the polarization characteristics such as impedance, polarization curve and cyclic voltammogran associated with corrosion resistance property were well in good agreement with each other. Consequently, it is suggested that the mechanical and corrosion characteristics of the piston crown can be predominantly improved by repair welding method using the Inconel 625 electrode.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1288-1300
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• 1994

Mathematical modeling and numerical calculation on the flow and thermal characteristics induced by fire in a partial enclosure are performed. The solution procedures include the Shvab-Zeldovich approximation for the physical transport equations, low Reynolds number k-.epsilon. model for the turbulent fluid flow and Discrete Ordinate method(DOM) to calculate the radiative heat transfer. PMMA(Polymethylmethacrylate) is adopted as a solid fuel. Two different cases are considered : combustions with and without gas radiation occuring in a open cavity for variable pyrolyzing location of PMMA. When the fire source is located at the left-wall, the flow region of flame gas is limited at the left-wall and ceiling and recirculation region of inlet gas is formulated at neat the floor. In case of neglecting the radiative heat transfer, more large flame size and higher temperature is predicted. It is essential to consider the radiative heat transfer for analysis of fire phenomenon.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2012년도 제38회 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.309-317
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• 2012

Recent years have witnessed the use of micro shock tube in various engineering applications like micro combustion, micro propulsion, particle delivery systems etc. The flow characteristics occurring in the micro shock tube shows a considerable deviation from that of well established conventional macro shock tube due to very low Reynolds number and high Knudsen number effects. Also the diaphragm rupture process, which is considered to be instantaneous process in many of the conventional shock tubes, will be crucial for micro shock tubes in determining the near diaphragm flow field and shock formation. In the present study, an axi-symmetric CFD method has been applied to simulate the micro shock tube, with Maxwell's slip velocity and temperature jump boundary conditions. The effects of finite diaphragm rupture process on the flow field and the shock formation was investigated, in detail. The results show that the shock strength attenuates rapidly as it propagates through micro shock tubes.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.633-638
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• 2011

Mn이 치환된 헥사알루미네이트 촉매인 $LaMnAl_{11}O_{19}$, $BaMnAl_{11}O_{19}$, $SrMnAl_{11}O_{19}$을 $(NH_4)_2CO_3$ 공침법을 이용하여, $1,200^{\circ}C$ 5시간 소성을 통해 제조하였다. X-선 회절, 질소흡착을 통해 촉매의 결정구조와 비표면적을 분석한 결과, 결정 격자 내 거울면에 La이 존재하는 $LaMnAl_{11}O_{19}$이 $BaMnAl_{11}O_{19}$과 $SrMnAl_{11}O_{19}$보다 우수한 헥사알루미네이트 결정 구조를 가지는 동시에 13 $m^2/g$의 높은 비표면적을 가지고 있었다. 또한 SEM 분석을 통해 $LaMnAl_{11}O_{19}$이 특유의 판상구조가 잘 발달함을 확인하였다. 메탄 연소 활성은 다음과 같은 차례로 증가하였고: $LaMnAl_{11}O_{19}$ > $SrMnAl_{11}O_{19}$ > $BaMnAl_{11}O_{19}$. 메탄 연소 활성은 비표면적에 의존하였다. $LaMnAl_{11}O_{19}$에 60 wt%의 $CeO_2$를 첨가하고 $700^{\circ}C$의 저온에서 소성한 경우 $700^{\circ}C$의 저온에서 100% 전환율에 도달함으로써 ceria 첨가에 의한 메탄 연소 개선 효과를 확인할 수 있었으며, 이 촉매가 저온 및 중온 영역의 메탄 연소 촉매로 활용될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 그러나, 이 촉매의 경우 $1,200^{\circ}C$의 고온에서 5시간 소성한 후에는 ceria입자 크기의 증가로 인해 메탄의 연소 활성 개선 효과를 잃게됨으로 고온용 연소 촉매로서의 사용은 한계가 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.210-217
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• 2017

A gasoline direct injection engine has an intake air temperature can be lowered by the fuel vaporization in the combustion chamber increase the volume efficiency is high compression ratio. Therefore, study for injection rate and characteristics which influence mixture formation in combustion chamber is important. Movement of the injector needle has a direct effect on the injection of the fuel, such as formation of cavitation, the fuel injection rate, etc. Therefore, recent studies on the dynamic characteristics of the injector considering the movement of the needle have been reported, but it takes a lot of time and cost to experimentally confirm the movement of the needle inside the injector. In this study, AMESim, a commercial 1-D code, and Star-CCM+, a 3-D CFD code, were used to predict the dynamic performance of the injector with needle motion. In order to predict the movement of the needle under the high pressure, the result of the surface pressure distribution according to the movement of the needle was derived by using the morphing technique of flow analysis. In addition, we predicted the injection rate of the injector considering the movement of the needle in conjunction with the 1-D code. The injection rate of the injector was measured by the BOSCH's method and the results were similar to those of the simulation results. This method can predict the injection rate and injection characteristics and this result is expected to be used to predict the performance of gasoline direct injection engines with low cost and time in the future.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.600-609
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• 2001

WSGGM based low-resolution spectral model for calculating radiation transfer in combustion gases is applied to estimate self-absorption of radiation energy in one-dimensional opposed flow flames. Development of such a model is necessary in order to enable detailed chemistry-radiation interaction calculations including self-absorption. Database of band model parameters which can be applied to various one-dimensional opposed flow diffusion and partially premixed flames is created. For the validation of the model and database, low resolution spectral intensities at fuel exit side are calculated and compared with the results of a narrow band model with those based on the Curtis-Godson approximation. Good agreements have been found between them. The resulting radiation model is coupled to the OPPDIF code to calculate the self-absorption of radiant energy and compared with the results of an optically thin calculation and the results of a discrete ordinates method in conjunction with the statistical narrow band model. Significant self-absorption of radiation is found for the flames considered here particularly for the fuel side of the reacting zone. However, the self-absorption does not have significant effects on the flame structure in this case. Even in the case of the low velocity diffusion flame and the partially premixed flame of low equivalence ratio, the effects of self-absorption of radiation on the flame temperature and production of minor species are not significant.