• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.124-129
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• 2017

Clouds are an important factor in aircraft flight. In particular, a significant impact on small aircraft flying at low altitude. Therefore, we have verified and characterized the low level cloud prediction data of the Unified Model(UM) - based Local Data Assimilation and Prediction System(LDAPS) operated by KMA in order to develop cloud forecasting service and contents important for safety of low-altitude aircraft flight. As a result of the low level cloud test for seven airports in Korea, a high correlation coefficient of 0.4 ~ 0.7 was obtained for 0-36 leading time. Also, we found that the prediction performance does not decrease as the lead time increases. Based on the results of this study, it is expected that model-based forecasting data for low-altitude aviation meteorology services can be produced.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.170-175
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• 2017

Objective: The anti-inflammatory effects of low-level laser in burn wound model in rats were investigated. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: The rats were assigned to three experimental groups. Group I received second-degree burn wounds; Group II received dressing film and low-level laser ($1.2J/cm^2$) treatment after a burn wound; Group III received dressing film and low-level laser ($2.3J/cm^2$) treatment after a burn wound. After inducing a deep second-degree burn wound, the wound was observed every day and the burn area diameter and retraction quantification at 1, 7, and 14 days were evaluated. Low-level laser was investigated on hematological parameters after 14 days. Effects of low-level laser on the inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ [$TNF-{\alpha}$] and interleukin-6 [IL-6]) concentrations in the serum were evaluated using immunosorbent assay kits. Results: Group III showed a significant difference in wound size on days 7 and 14 compared to Group I (p<0.05). Group II showed a significant difference in wound size on day 14 compared to Group I (p<0.05). For wound contraction percentage, both laser therapy treatment groups showed a significant difference compared with Group I (p<0.05). There was also a significant difference in wound contraction percentage in Group III compared to Group II (p<0.05). Compared with the model control group, decreased $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 levels in the serum was observed at 14 days after burn wound induction. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that low-level laser therapy can assist in burn wound healing, which might be associated with decreased concentrations of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 related proinflammatory cytokines.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.198-215
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• 1970

The basic purpose of this study is to explore the household economic effects on home administration. The major goals of home administration is to promote mental and physical welfare of the family members. In order to realize mental and physical welfare, the stability and satisfaction is needed. And to promote stability and satisfaction, the efficiency must be accomplished and the efforts is required. So the four variables to measure home administration situation are as follows. 1) The degree of the stability 2) The degree of the efficiency 3) The degree of the efforts 4) The degree of the satisfaction. The factor of Household economic level is the size of the family's money income. Although size of income is not the bases for either standard of living or Socioeconomic status, it is closely related to both. To solve this problem. Some hypotheses are specified as follows. Hypotheses I The degree of the stability is different among the groups by income level. The group which is high income level will be more stable than low income level. Hypothesis II The degree of the efficiencies different among the groups by income level. The group which is high income level will be more efficient than low income level. Hypothesis III The degree of the efforts is different among the groups by income level. The group which is high income level will more effort than low income level. Hypothesis IV The degree of the satisfaction is different among the groups by income level. The group which is high income level will feel more satisfaction than low income level. In order to test those hypotheses random selection of 190 subjects from the four girls high schools in Seoul was made, and the parents of the students reported their home administration situation. The results of this study show that; 1) the group which is high income level revealed more stability than low income level. The differences of each group are revealed very significant. 2) The differences of the degree of the efficiency among the groups are unsignificant. 3) the group which is high income level revealed more effort than low income level. The differences of each group are revealed significant. 4) The group which is high income level revealed more satisfaction than low income level. The differences of each group are particularly significant. So the conclusion can be drawn from this study. Every group by income level revealed significant differences in home administration. So the household economy greatly effects on home administration.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2005년도 국제학술대회
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• pp.399-405
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• 2005

In this study, we investigated the gas chromatography (GC) and pulsed flame photometric detection (PFPD) system for the analysis of four major reduced S compounds including hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S)$; methyl mercaptan ($CH_3SH$); dimethyl sulfide (DMS); and dimethyl disulfide(DMDS) contained in environmental samples. To analyze these compounds in high concentration range (above ppb level), we developed a high mode analytical setting with the loop-injection system. By contrast, we also established a low mode setting for the analysis of low concentration samples (ppt-level samples from ambient air) by the combination with thermal desorption unit(TDU). Comparative analysis of both settings revealed that relative detection properties of four S compounds are systematic enough. The results of high mode analysis indicated that the patterns were systematic among compounds: H2S exhibited the lowest sensitivity, while DMBS showed the strongest one. The results were also compared in terms of sensitivity reductions for all compounds by dividing slope ratios between low and high mode system. Although low mode system exhibited significant reductions on the order of a few tens times, their detection characteristics were highly consistent as it was shown in the high mode setting. To learn more about absolute and relative relations between two different modes of S analysis, future studies may have to be directed to cover more complicated nature of GC/PFPD performance. Hydrogen sulfide($H_2S$) was over in summer about low level of olfactory sense 410 ppt, Methyl mercaptan(C$H_3SH$) was over in apring and summer about low level of olfactory sense 70, Dimethyl sulfide(DMS) was not over in four season about low level of olfactory sense 2,200 ppt. Carbon disulfide($CS_2$) was not over in four deason about Tow level of olfactory sense 210,000, Dimethyl disulfide(DMDS) was not over in summer about low level of olfactory sense2,000.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.280-287
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• 2015

Three-level PWM rectifiers applied in medium voltage applications usually operate at low switching frequency to keep the dynamic losses under permitted level. However, low switching frequency brings a heavy cross-coupling between the current components $i_d$ and $i_q$ with a poor dynamic system performance and a harmonic distortion in the grid-connecting current. To overcome these problems, a mathematical model based on complex variables of the three-level voltage source PWM rectifier is firstly established, and the reasons of above issues resulted from low switching frequency have been analyzed using modern control theory. Then, a novel control strategy suitable for the current decoupling control based on the complex variables for $i_d$ and $i_q$ is designed here. The comparisons between this kind of control strategy and the normal PI method have been carried out. MATLAB and experimental results are given in detail.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.152-154
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• 2005

This paper proposes the new subfield method to erase reverse gray levels and low gray level contour in AC plasma display panel(PDP). In the conventional method, it is supposed that output luminance levels of a PDP increase regularly. But actual output luminance levels of a PDP increase irregularly. Therefore, conventional methods are unable to effectively reduce low gray-level contours and reverse gray levels. Accordingly, a new subfield method is applied to improve the low gray-level expression in PDP. Conclusively this paper clear proof that a new subfield method can suppress low gray-level contours and reverse gray levels more effectively than conventional methods.

• 치과방사선
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.215-226
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the low level irradiation on the mitotic index of the basal cells in the buccal pouch of hamsters{golden hamster: APG strain). After colchicine was administrated to the hamsters through the intraperitoneal, the low level radiation{5460mR) was exposed on the buccal pouch of hamsters. The mitotic index of the basal cells was estimated 2 hours after irradiation. The results were as follows: 1. The mean mitotic index of the control group was 4.32. 2. The mean mitotic index of the irradiated group was 2.46. 3. T-test of data in the irradiated group showed significant difference from the mitotic index in the control group. These results suggested the lowered mitotic index of the irradiated group resulted from the low level irradiation.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.370-377
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• 2023

Previous research has demonstrated that happy moods are known to promote feeling-based processing, whereas sad moods promote reason-based processing. The current research investigates a boundary condition for the effects of a happy mood on feeling-based decision making. This research proposes that the level of control (low vs. high) one exercises in a happy situation can promote a greater reliance on feelings (vs. reasons) in making judgments and decisions. Specifically, we hypothesize that (1) a happy individual in a situation where control level is low (vs. high) will be more likely to choose a cognitively (vs. affectively) superior option (hypothesis 1), and (2) a happy individual in a situation where control level is low (vs. high) will exert reason- (vs. feeling-) based processing (hypothesis 2). Consistent with the hypothesis 1, the results of two experiments show that happy individuals are more likely to choose cognitively versus affectively superior options in a situation where control level is low (vs. high). Moreover, the mediation analysis confirms that happy individuals are more likely to rely on cognitive, reason-based decision making when their control level is low, which supports the hypothesis 2.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.183-192
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical effects of low level laser therapy on shoulder pain. Methods : From October 1, 2009 to November 14, 2009, we applied 15 participants who consented to an assignment had a shoulder pain to low level laser therapy(LLLT). We treated LLLT 8 times on both upper trapezius, levator scapular, pectoralis, suboccipital, rhomboid, rotator cuff tender point for 2 weeks. To evaluate the efficiency of low level laser therapy, we used questionnaire of shoulder pain symptom, questionnaire of a day living discomfort scale, shoulder pain and disability index(SPADI) and pressure pain threshold(PPT) at before treatment and after treatment 4 times and 8 times. Results : There was a significant difference in questionnaire of shoulder pain symptom, questionnaire of a day living discomfort scale, SPADI and PPT after 8th treatment. Conclusions : Low level laser therapy for shoulder pain is effective to improve patients' symptoms measured with questionnaire of pain and a day living discomfort score, SPADI and PPT significantly.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2017

This study investigated the latent groups depending on married working women's work-family spillover. The effects of factors that determine mental health subgroups and differences were also analyzed. Mixture modeling was applied to the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women & Families to achieve the research objectives. The major findings of this study were as follows. First, there were four subgroups that could be defined according to the work-family spillover: mid-level spillover group (mid-positive and mid-negative spillover group), high-level spillover group (high-positive and high-negative spillover group), low-level spillover group (low-positive and low-negative spillover group), and high-negative and low-positive spillover group. Second, the results of mixture regression analysis to test the effect of eco-system variables showed that age, academic background, non-traditional family value, number of children, work hours, wage income, and availability of the maternity leave were significant determinants of the latent groups. The probability of classifying in the high-negative and low-positive spillover group increased when women showed a lower academic background and wage income, higher number of children and older age, and longer work hours than others. Third, the high-level spillover group, and the high-level spillover group showed the lowest stress and the lowest depression; however, the low-level spillover group reported the highest stress and the highest depression. Implications, limitations, and future directions were discussed based on the results.