• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.13-20
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• 2013

Today, the world energy consumption in buildings occupies more than 30%. In our country, the energy consumption in buildings also occupies 25% of the entire national energy consumption. With the increasing demand of energy saving in architectural fields, there is a more interest in low-energy construction. For these low-energy housings, our country is planning to apply the energy-saving design standards at the level of passive houses in 2017. However, there is still a limitation in energy saving only with the standards on the performance of envelope in buildings. This means that unless a building is airtight even though it was well-insulated, cooling and heating energy consumption will increase due to the infiltration and leakage. Therefore, this study aims to make a comparative analysis of airtight performance by conducting a blower door test on the housings applied with passive designs, analyze the reasons why most houses fall short of the airtightness standards, and complement the airtightness problems in the inadequate parts of the buildings in order to save building energy.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.1
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• pp.213-218
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• 2001

To many developing countries like China, the practical way to constant development of city construction is low consuming. The basic methods of low-cunsuming landscape construction: 1) Low building consumption: Decreasing construction quantity. Using low-costing material. Designing low-consuming landscape. Reusing of building material. 2) Low energy consumption: Decreasing water consumption. Consuming and enrichment of earth fertilizer. Decreasing electrical consumption. 3) Low maintenance: Adapting natural material. Using local plants. Special design to decrease maintaining. Because of many reasons, China has not yet adapting Low-consuming Landscape Construction.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.613-624
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• 2021

This paper analyzes the relationship between income distribution and energy consumption from a Pareto optimal approach. For this purpose, the causality relationship between electricity consumption per capita (kWh) with respect to country groups and energy consumption per capita (kg of oil equivalent) along with gross domestic product per capita was analyzed. In addition to this purpose, a Pareto analysis was conducted to determine the countries with the highest per capita national income, how much of the world total energy they consume, and whether the law of power in the energy and electricity markets exists. Finally, the impact of official development assistance provided to low-income countries by high-income countries on the low-income countries' electricity and energy consumption was analyzed. In other words, it was questioned whether pareto redistribution policies serve the purpose or not. The Engle-Granger causality approach was used in the analysis of the causality relationship between variables. Our analysis indicated that, first, the energy data of the country groups may be inadequate in revealing income inequalities. Second, the existence of Pareto law of power and global income inequality can be explained based on energy data. Finally, Pareto optimal redistribution policies to eliminate income inequality remain inadequate in practice.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.285-291
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• 2013

This paper proposes a framework for understanding the energy consumption differences between tall and low-rise buildings. Energy usage data from 706 office buildings in New York illustrates expected correlations from the framework. Notable correlations include: taller buildings tend to use more energy until a plateau at 30~39 floors; tall buildings in Manhattan use 20% more energy than low-rise buildings in Manhattan, while tall buildings outside Manhattan use 4% more energy than low-rise buildings outside Manhattan. Additional correlations are discussed, among which is the trend that the Energy Star program in New York City assigns higher ratings to tall buildings with higher EUIs than low-rise buildings with the same EUI. Since Energy Star is based on regressions of existing buildings, the Energy Star ratings suggest taller buildings have higher EUIs than shorter buildings, which is confirmed by the New York City energy benchmarking data.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.3950-3957
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• 2010

Wireless sensor network is composed of sensor node with limited sources, and to maintain and repair is vexatious once made up. Accordingly it is important matter to maximize the network lifetime by minimizing the energy consumption in wireless sensor network, and utilizing the limited sources efficiently. In this paper, I propose a technique arranging the cluster number with efficiency in clustering method to optimize the energy consumption. The energy usage needed for wireless transmission varies in distance(threshold). This technique reduces the energy consumption considering the threshold when arranging the cluster number. I verify that the clustering method organized through the valid processes outperform the LEACH(Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) in total energy consumption.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.12B
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• pp.1028-1036
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• 2006

Energy conservation is an important issue in wireless networks, especially for self-organized, low power, low data-rate impulse-radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) networks, where every node is a battery-driven device. To conserve energy, it is necessary to turn node into sleep state when no data exist. This paper addresses the energy consumption analysis of Direct-Sequence (DS) versus Time-Hopping (TH) multiple accesses and two kinds of sleeping protocols (slotted and unslotted) in PHY-MAC for Un networks. We introduce an analytical model for energy consumption or a node in both TH and DS multiple accesses and evaluate the energy consumption comparison between them and also the performance of the proposed sleeping protocols. Simulation results show that the energy consumption per packet of DS case is less than TH case and for slotted sleeping is less than that of unslotted one for bursty load case, but with respect to the load access delay unslotted one consumes less energy, that maximize node lifetime.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.71-83
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• 2020

Purpose: Because the energy consumption, economic growth and logistics development are still the heated topics which have attracted many scholars' interests. Therefore, this paper attempts to analyze the effect of logistics development on the economic growth, explore the effect of the economic growth on energy consumption and to discuss the effect of the logistics development on energy intensity. Research design, data and methodology: Using the panel data over the period 2000-2017 of 156 countries and employing the country & year fixed effect model, system generalized method moments and random effect model, the empirical analyses of this propositions are performed. Results: The empirical findings present that the logistics development is positively related to the economic growth. The energy consumption in the t-1 period and economic growth are positively related to the current energy consumption. The logistics development is negatively related to the energy intensity. Meanwhile, the empirical findings also indicate that there is a great difference about these effects among the four sub-samples (low income 18 countries, low middle income 49 countries, upper middle income 44 countries, high income 49 countries). Conclusions: Based on the evidences in this paper provided, we can find that these variables can affect each other.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.85-92
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• 2003

Considering the present development situation of rental apartment since 1982, the supply of homeless housing for low-income dwellers has contributed a amount of quantities, but has been deficient qualities in housing policy. To propose the energy policy for low-income dwellers, this study investigated the energy consumption and the degree of heating satisfaction by heating system through questionaries in permanent rental apartment and 50 year period rental apartment complexes. The results of this study were as follows; The annual energy consumption of heating and hot water supply is 267.2 Mca1/$\textrm{m}^2$ㆍyr in central heating system, is 163.9 Mca1/$\textrm{m}^2$ㆍyr in unit heating system. But from the view of annual energy cost and the degree of heating satisfaction, central heating system were better than unit heating system in rental apartment.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2011

A convergecast is a popular routing scheme in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in which every sensor node periodically forwards measured data along configured routing paths to a base station (BS). Prolonging lifetimes in energy-limited WSNs is an important issue because the lifetime of a WSN influences on its quality and price. Low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) was the first attempt at solving this lifetime problem in convergecast WSNs, and it was followed by other solutions including power efficient gathering in sensor information systems (PEGASIS) and power efficient data gathering and aggregation protocol (PEDAP). Our solution-chain routing with even energy consumption (CREEC)-solves this problem by achieving longer average lifetimes using two strategies: i) Maximizing the fairness of energy distribution at every sensor node and ii) running a feedback mechanism that utilizes a preliminary simulation of energy consumption to save energy for depleted Sensor nodes. Simulation results confirm that CREEC outperforms all previous solutions such as LEACH, PEGASIS, PEDAP, and PEDAP-power aware (PA) with respect to the first node death and the average lifetime. CREEC performs very well at all WSN sizes, BS distances and battery capacities with an increased convergecast delay.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.761-769
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a low-power design strategy to minimize energy-consumption for surveillance and reconnaissance sensor networks. The sensor network consists of many different nodes with various operations such as target detection, packet relay, video monitoring, changing protocols, and etc. Each sensor node consists of sensing, computing, communication, and power components. These components are integrated on a single or multiple boards. Therefore, the power consumption of each component can be different on various operation types. First, we identified the list of components and measured power consumption for them from the first prototype nodes. Next, we focus on which components are the main sources of energy consumption. We propose many energy-efficient approaches to reduce energy consumption for each operation type.