• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1999년도 학회창립 10주년 기념 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.131-134
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• 1999

Microstructure modification and electrochemical properties are investigate to estimate the effects of internal chlorides on the steel corrosion in the blended cement systems. According to the test results, slag cement system showed high chloride binding capacity and low corrosion rate. The impedance data showed three distince arcs from lowest(mHz) frequency to highest (MHz) frequency due to product layer, interfacial reaction and bulk matrix. Through the microstructural investigation, fine steel-matrix interface of slag cement system was observed but rough steel-matrix interface of OPC system was observed. Friedel's salt was thought that the substantial material contributed to the chloride binding of slag cement system.

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.149-157
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• 1994

보통 포틀랜드 시멘트와 수용성 고분자 물질인 hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose(HPMC), 미세골재 및 혼화재료를 사용하여 W/C=0.1이 되도록 물을 첨가하고 twin roll mill로 혼합 성형한 후 60일간 양생하여 고강도 시멘트 경화체를 제조하였다. 이 경화체에 대한 휨강도 및 파괴인성을 검토하였다. SiC 분말 및 백색시멘트를 첨가한 경우 휨강도는 약 100MPa정도, 탄성계수는 80-95GPa의 값을 나타내었다. 실리카흄을 첨가한 경우 휨강도는 80MPa, 탄성계수는 60GPa의 값을 나타내었다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2004

시멘트 안정처리는 우수한 강도발현, 내구성, 강성, 동상저항 등의 우수한 능력을 발휘하지만 건조수축으로 인해 표층부로의 반사균열을 발생시키는 단점을 가지고 친다. 이에 본 연구에서는 시멘트의 건조수축을 억제하여 표층부로의 반사균열을 억제할 수 있는 저수축 시멘트 안정처리기법에 대한 타당성을 연구하였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1999년도 학회창립 10주년 기념 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.329-332
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• 1999

The crack of concrete induced by the heat of hydration is a serious problem, particularly in concrete structures such as underground box structure, mat-slab of nuclear reactor buildings, dams or large footings, foundations of high rise buildings, etc.. As a result of the temperature rise and restriction condition of foundation, the thermal stress which may induce the cracks can occur. Therefore the various techniques of the thermal stress control in massive concrete have been widely used. One of them is prediction of the thermal stress, besides low-heat cement which mitigates the temperature rise, pre-cooling which lowers the initial temperature of fresh concrete with ice flake, pipe cooling which cools the temperature of concrete with flowing water, design change which considers steel bar reinforcement, operation control and so on. The objective of this paper is largely two folded. Firstly we introduce the cracks control technique by employing low-heat cement mix and thermal stress analysis. Secondly it show the application condition of the cracks control technique like sidewall of LNG in Inchonl.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1999년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.293-298
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• 1999

The crack of concrete induced by the heat of hydration is a serious problem, particularly in concrete structures such as underground box structure, mat-slab of nuclear reactor buildings, dams or large footings, foundations of high rise buildings, etc.. As a result of the temperature rise and restriction condition of foundation, the thermal stress which may induce the cracks can occur. Therefore the various techniques of the thermal stress control in massive concrete have been widely used. One of them is prediction of the thermal stress, besides low-heat cement which mitigates the temperature rise, pre-cooling which lowers the initial temperature of fresh concrete with ice flake, pipe cooling which cools the temperature of concrete with flowing water, design change which considers steel bar reinforcement, operation control and so on. The objective of this paper is largely two folded. Firstly we introduce the cracks control technique by employing low-heat cement mix and thermal stress analysis. Secondly it show the application condition of the cracks control technique like the subway structure in Seoul.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.289-301
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• 2017

The synergistic interactions of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) with ordinary portland cement (OPC) in multi-blended systems could enhance the mechanical and durability properties of concrete and increase the amount of cement that can be replaced. In this study, the characteristics of the hydration products as well as paste microstructure of blended cement containing 20% coal fly ash, 10% rice hull ash and 10% sugar mill lime sludge in quaternary blended system was investigated. Portlandite content, hydration products, compressive strength, pore size distribution and microstructural architecture of hydrated blended cement pastes were examined. The quaternary blended cement paste showed lower compressive strength, reduced amount of Portlandite phases, and higher porosity compared to plain hardened cement paste. The interaction of SCMs with OPC influenced the hydration products, resulting to the formation of ettringite and monocarboaluminate phases. The blended cement paste also showed extensive calcium silicate hydrates and calcium aluminate silicate hydrates but unrefined compared to plain cement paste. In overall, the expected synergistic reaction was significantly hindered due to the low quality of supplementary cementitious materials used. Hence, pre-treatments of SCMs must be considered to enhance their reactivity as good quality SCMs can become limited in the future.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.797-807
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 온도균열 저감이 기대되는 3성분계 시멘트를 사용한 페이스트 및 콘크리트의 간이단열온도 상승실험을 실시하여 3성분계 시멘트의 활성화를 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 페이스트 실험은 3가지 결합재를 단독사용 및 혼합사용 하였으며, 콘크리트 실험은 3가지 결합재를 동시에 혼입하여 실시하였다. 페이스트실험 결과 BFS보다 FA의 사용이 온도저감 효과가 좋았으며, 3성분계 시멘트페이스트에서는 BFS의 혼입률이 작고 FA의 혼입률이 클수록 온도가 낮게 나타났다. 온도상승속도 및 하강속도 또한 BFS의 혼입률이 작고 FA의 혼입률이 클수록 늦어졌다. 한편, 물결합재비가 높을수록 최고온도가 낮게 나타났다. 최고온도 도달시간은 OPC100, 2성분계 시멘트, 3성분계 시멘트 순으로 짧게 나타나 3성분계 시멘트 사용은 온도상승지연효과가 있었다. 콘크리트 실험 결과 3성분계 시멘트를 사용한 콘크리트는 OPC사용 콘크리트에 비해 최고온도가 약 $8{\sim}11^{\circ}C$ 정도 낮게 나타났고, 온도상승속도는 $47{\sim}51%$ 수준이며, 온도하강속도는 $37{\sim}42%$ 수준으로 나타났다. 콘크리트 시험체는 페이스트 시험체에 비해 현저히 낮은 온도와 느린 온도상승속도 및 하강속도를 보였는데, 이는 콘크리트 중의 골재에 의한 영향으로 페이스트 시험체보다 열손실량이 컸기 때문이다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2008

In the evaluation method of KS on the activity factor of fly ash, same amount of cement should be replaced with fly ash. Therefore, contradictory effects on concrete strength exist, i. e. strength decease due to low content of cement and strength increase of strength due to filling-pore-function of fly ash. European Committee for Standardization (CEN) specifies the method 1 to 4. adding fly ash without reducing the content of cement, for the evaluation method on activity factor of fly ash. This study investigates the applicability of the method 2 of CEN to mix design of concrete. The followings are derived ; There is a key ratio of f)y ash mixing which enhances the incremental ratio of mixing water to improve fluidity of mortar. The incremental ratio of mixing water is maximized about 11% ratio of fly ash mixing. Compressive strength most slightly increases at that ratio of fly ash mixing. Activity factor of fly ash increases as water-cement ratio becomes low and contents of fly ash becomes high. Moreover, quality of fly ash and condition of mix design affect the applicable amount of fly ash and available range of water-cement ratio. However, this method has some problems for practical purpose because activity factors of fly ash for some cases are over 1.0. Further research should be conducted to develop more useful method of evaluating activity factor of fly ash.

• 공업화학
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.463-468
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• 2010

콘크리트 유동화제로 사용되는 polycarboxylate 계 콘크리트 유동화제를 합성하였다. 합성에 있어서 친수기인 polyethylene oxide 부가몰 및 분자량에 따른 합성된 유동화제의 물성 및 이의 콘크리트 몰타르에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 합성원료로서 methoxy-polyethyleneglycol 및 methacrylic acid의 종류, methacrylic acid 부가량, 개시제 종류 및 양에 따른 graft 공중합 조건에 따라 얻어진 PC의 물성 및 이가 모르타르에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 물성으로는 PC 수용액의 계면물성, 시멘트 입자의 젖음성, 몰타르의 유동성 및 최종 콘크리트의 강도 등을 측정하였다. 합성된 PC는 수용액에 대한 표면장력 값이 작을수록 시멘트 입자에 대한 젖음성이 우수할수록 우수한 모르타르 유동성을 보였으며 콘크리트의 강도가 높았다. 본 연구 조건에서는 MPEG 대비 MA 함량이 1.3 정도일 경우 그리고 개시제가 KSP일 경우에 합성된 PC가 가장 적합하였다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.549-555
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• 2004

Cement of three alkalinities (equivalent alkalinities of 0.36,0.52 and 0.97) was employed in fabricating a set of classical G109 type specimens. To-date, these have been subjected to a one week wet-one week dry cyclic pending using 15 w/o NaCl solution. At the end of the dry period, potential and macro-cell current were measured to indicate whether the top reinforcing steel was in the passive or active state. Once this bar became active, the specimen was autopsied and the extent of corrosion was documented. Subsequent to visual inspection, concrete powder samples were collected from the upper region of the top rebar trace; and at a certain times concrete cores were taken from non-reinforced specimens. Using these, determinations were made of (1) critical chloride concentration for corrosion initiation ($Cl_{th}^-$), (2) effective chloride diffusion coefficient ($D_e$), and (3) pore water alkalinity ($[OH^-]$). The pore water alkalinity was strongly related to the alkali content of cement that was used in the mix. The chloride concentration, ($Cl^-$), was greater at active than at passive sites, presumably as a consequence of electro migration and accumulation of these species at active site subsequent to corrosion initiation. Accordingly, ($Cl^-$) at passive sites was considered indicative of the threshold concentration fur corrosion initiation. The $Cl_{th}^-$ was increased with increasing Time-to-corrosion ($T_i$). Consequently, the HA(High Alkalinity) specimens exhibited the highest $Cl_{th}^-$ and the NA(Normal Alkalinity) was the least. This range exceeds what has previously been reported in North America. In addition, the effective diffusion coefficient, $D_e$, was about 40 percent lower for concrete prepared with the HA cement compared to the NA and LA(Low Alkalinity) ones.