• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제64권6권
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• pp.765-781
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• 2017

The out-of-plane response of infill walls has recently gained a growing attention and has been recognised fundamental in the damage assessment of reinforced concrete and steel framed buildings subjected to seismic loads. The observation of damage after earthquakes highlighted that out-of-plane collapse of masonry infills may occur even during seismic events of low or moderate intensity, causing both casualty risks and unfavourable situations affecting the overall structural response. Even though studies concerning the out-of-plane behaviour of infills are not as many as those focused on the in-plane response, in the last decades, a substantial number of researches have been carried out on the out-of-plane behaviour of infills. In this study, the out-of-plane response is investigated considering different aspects. First, damages observed after past earthquakes are examined, with the aim of identifying the main parameters involved and the most critical configurations. Secondly, the response recorded in about 150 experimental tests is deeply examined, focusing on the influence of geometrical characteristics, boundary conditions, prior in-plane damage, presence of reinforcing elements and openings. Finally, different theoretical capacity models and code provisions are discussed and compared, giving specific attention to those based on the arching theory. The reliability of some of these models is herein tested with reference to experimental results. The comparison between analytically predicted and experimental values allows to appreciate the extent of approximation of such methods.

• Architectural research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2007

Our nation has a problem with discrimination of income distribution and inefficient of resources distribution caused by real estate price rising from a sudden economy growth and industrialization. Specially, in recent years, there is a great disparity of apartment price between the north and south of the Han river. Because the housing price is decided by the immanent value of a house and neighborhood effects of the regional where the house is situated, the housing price is occurred difference. The purpose of study was to analyze the influence of various factors of housing price. Also, this study tried to predict real estate market and to establish previous effective real estate policy. In this study, we analyzed the differences of housing price determinants about apartment developments between the north and south of the Han river, and found the important factors that affect the housing price using Structural Equation Modeling(SEM). As a result of this study, the older the buildings are, the more the housing price and the housing price rising ratio have increased, in Gang Nam area. This reason is that these have large possibility to be reconstructed and many convenient facilities, in this area. In the case of Kang Buk area, the increase rate of housing price are so low that they couldn't take effect on the housing price and they were declined. So to speak, constructing the infrastructure which takes effect on the increase rate of housing price is very urgent.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.3363-3369
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• 2014

Recently, considerable effort has been made to maintain a pleasant and safe indoor environment in buildings. For this, the use of a ventilation system attached to a range hood in kitchens has prevailed. Accordingly, diversiform designs for range hoods have been used. Press molding is normally used for range hood construction for several reasons. On the other hand, its economic efficiency is low in the case of a small production work. Considerable research has been carried out to solve this problem and it is believed that it is useful to use the change core method to develop molds. This study designed the core of a mold using the change core method and a total of four processes were used in its manufacture. As a result, the press molds, which are needed for shorter production runs and whose form is changeable, were developed. In addition, after the measurements in three-dimensions, the specimen passed a test within a tolerance of ${\pm}2.00mm$.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2016

Accuracy of GPS (global positioning system) deteriorates dramatically or positioning is impossible in urban area occasionally since high-rise buildings and elevated roads make the reception of navigation signal very difficult so that number of visible satellites decreases. In these cases, vertical error usually becomes much larger than the horizontal error due to the intrinsic geometry of GPS satellites. To obtain more accurate and reliable height information, this paper proposes a hybrid method that combines GPS and a low-cost barometric altimeter. In the proposed method, the sea-level pressure and the sea-surface temperature are applied to the output of the altimeter. Next, the difference between the ellipsoid and the geoid is compensated. Finally, a simple Kalman filter combines the compensated barometric altitude and the GPS height. By static and car experiments, performance of the proposed method is evaluated. By the experiment results, it can be seen that the proposed method improves the altitude accuracy considerably.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.225-233
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• 2018

One of engineered woods, glued laminated timber (GLT), can provide a constant level of performance and desired strength even if the quality of wood is low. Due to this fact, there is a growing interest in GLT using domestic species and related research has been carried out continuously. In addition, GLT is popularly being applied to the long-span or high-rise structures overseas. However, KBC 2016 does not allow the engineered woods to be used for middle and high-rise buildings by limiting height. Therefore, a proper design procedure and rationale should be clearly presented by the help of performance-based seismic design. With this background, the goal of this study is to establish a specific procedure for design of a 9-story building with RC shear walls and GLT frames according to the performance-based design of KBC 2016. The performance objectives were set according to KBC and the acceptance criteria for each goal were defined. The RC shear walls and GLT frames were designed by concrete and wood structure requirements, respectively. Analytical models were developed to reflect their nonlinear features, and both nonlinear static and dynamic analyses were conducted. Performance evaluation results showed that the shear walls have insufficient shear strength, so they were re-designed. Consequently, it has been confirmed that GLT frames can be applied to a 9-story office building with the assistance of RC shear walls and performance-based seismic design.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2017

This paper analyzed structural behaviors of the staggered truss system, typically used in low seismicity regions, resisting the lateral loads such as wind and seismic load. A comparative study of cost and efficiency was carried out by analysing and designing the 10- and 20-story buildings with various types of truss, including pratt, howe, warren, K-, and vierendeel, which may typically be used in staggered truss system. In design, column and truss members are selected in group, and the efficiency of the member design was judged by average demand capacity ratio of the all members in same group. And economic analysis of the system was investigated by the quantity of the structural members. As a result, staggered truss system with the pratt truss and warren truss showed the most economical and efficient performance for 10-story building, and 20-story building, respectively.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2014

Plenty of efforts have been made in the traditional architecture of Korea, Hanok, to develop various elements such as restoration, the introduction of new design, and energy-saving while systemic setups on standard and evaluation of eco-friendly energy design of Hanok are lacking. If we evaluate energy performance based on current standards without reflecting unique features of Hanok on the system, Hanok will be included in the very low grade among the residential buildings being included in the approval system of eco-friendly architecture or the unique features will be modified and the burden of increased construction cost. Therefore, this study is to prepare the basic reference for the introductory evaluation system by evaluating the energy performance level of NEO-Hanok based on the current building energy rating system. The result for NEO-Hanok based on the building energy rating system, we propose the rating standard with scorecard elements of NEO-Hanok by considering the necessity of identity and standard for NEO-Hanok. As a result of infiltration test to check the tightness, it was measured as 10.81 times/h (50 ACH). As we switch from the main insulation for the wall from the glass wool 64k(0.035W/mk) to rigid polyurethane foam first class first unit (0.024W/mk), the result was slightly increased from the first demand quantity rating yield $249.8kWh/m^2{\cdot}yr$ to $235.0kWh/m^2{\cdot}yr$. Current certificate system is focused more on the heating load than the cooling load, it is disadvantageous for Hanok, which has less cooling energy consumption in summer. The rating result from the target building study is level 4.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.53-65
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• 2010

Apartment buildings represent the most typical patterns of housing in Korea. The present plans are very different from the previous ones when they appeared for the first time. Although apartment unit plans has changed drastically, they can be classified into several categories. Apartment unit plans reflects the demands of living activities and space dimensions of unit plans have the characteristics of diachronic continuity and carry the values of living culture. Thus this study aims to provide the statistical dimensional data of each room that can be actually used for the design of unit plans by sub-grouping typical unit plans. The statistical data of this study showed that apartment unit plans are shifting from 2bay/3room type to 3bay/3room type in 1990s. It is very peculiar that the typical unit plan of $60\;m^2$ area becomes to resemble that of $85\;m^2$ area. The space arrangement of typical unit plans of both $60\;m^2$ and $85\;m^2$ area is almost identical while only their space dimensions differ slightly. As the mean/mode/median values of space dimensions in a typical unit plan are converging into a range of narrow margin, space dimensions of typical unit plan are contended to be strictly regular. The statistical numeric data of various space dimensions provided in this paper can be applied practically to the design of apartment unit plans for low income class people who are disprivileged in the society.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.545-551
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• 2016

Membrane structures which can be used large spatial structure are being expanded because of various advantages. However, despite the diverse membrane structure buildings and materials, the standard for membrane material performance that considering fire safety is still inadequate. Therefore, this study applied basalt or glass woven fabric with flame resistance on architectural membrane, and report the fire safety for architectural membrane using the strength properties, flammability and incombustibility. From the test result, the architectural membrane using basalt or glass woven fabric showed a low heat release rate and total heat release. Therefore, it was confirmed that the fire safety is relatively high.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.321-337
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• 2020

Contemporary design and construction of steel-concrete composite structures employs the use of prefabricated concrete elements and demountable shear connectors in order to reduce the construction time and costs and enable dismantling of elements for their potential reuse at the end of life of buildings. Bolted shear connector with mechanical coupler is presented in this paper. The connector is assembled from mechanical coupler and rebar anchor, embedded in concrete, and steel bolt, used for connecting steel to concrete members. The behaviour and ultimate resistance of bolted connector with mechanical coupler in wide and narrow members were analysed based on push-out tests and FE analyses conducted in Abaqus software, with focus on concrete edge breakout and bolt shear failure modes. The effect of concrete strength, concrete edge distance and diameter and strength of bolts on failure modes and shear resistance was analysed. It was demonstrated that premature failure by breakout of concrete edge occurs when connectors are located 100 mm or closer from the edge in low-strength and normal-strength reinforced concrete. Furthermore, the paper presents a relatively simple model for hand calculation of concrete edge breakout resistance when bolted connectors with mechanical coupler are used. The model is based on the modification of prediction model used for cast-in and post-installed anchors loaded parallel to the edge, by implementing equivalent influence length of connector with variable diameter. Good agreement with test and FE results was obtained, thus confirming the validity of the proposed method.