• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.222-233
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• 2012

The nocturnal low-level jet makes a significant impact on carbon and water exchanges and turbulent mixing processes in the atmospheric boundary layer. This study reports a case study of nocturnal surface fluxes such as $CO_2$ and water vapor in the surface layer observed at a flat and homogeneous site in the presence of low-level jets (LLJs). In particular, it documents the temporal evolution of the overlying jets and the coincident response of surface fluxes. The present study highlights several factors linking the evolution of low-level jets to surface fluxes: 1) wavelet analysis shows that turbulent fluxes have similar time scales with temporal scale of LLJ evolution; 2) turbulent mixing is enhanced during the transition period of low-level jets; and 3) $CO_2$, water vapor and heat show dissimilarity from momentum during the period. We also found that LLJ activity is related not only to turbulent motions but also to the divergence of mean flow. An examination of scalar profiles and turbulence data reveal that LLJs transport $CO_2$ and water vapor by advection in the stable boundary layer, suggesting that surface fluxes obtained from the micrometeorological method such as nocturnal boundary layer budget technique should carefully interpreted in the presence of LLJs.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.353-364
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• 2008

In this study elementary school children's food purchasing and consumer competency for a healthier diet were compared by their attitude toward the meal management. The subjects were 779 sixth grade elementary school children (417 boys and 362 girls) in Busan. They were classified into three groups: 'High' was composed of 226 subjects who had more than the mean +1/2 SD of attitude toward the meal management; 'Medium' was composed of 343 subjects who had the mean ${\pm}1/2$SD; and 'Low' was composed of 210 subjects who had the less than the mean -1/2 SD. The results were as follows. The high group had less pocket money than the low group, and thought that their allowances were adequate to their needs. They also had a habit of entering amounts into an account book. The children in the low group purchased mostly snacks without making or practicing a budget. The high group purchased yogurt, fruit, or bread as snacks more frequently than the low group. More children checked the nutrient facts on the package in high group than in the low group. There were no significant differences in the consumer's knowledge of a healthy diet among the groups; but there were significant differences in the consumer's skill, and the consumer's attitude toward a healthy diet among the groups. The high group had higher skills and more positive attitudes than the low group. This research suggests that education can elevate interest and can help develop more positive attitudes toward healthy diets among children. The education can help them to develop planned food purchasing habits, and improve their consumer competency for a healthy diet.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38C no.12
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• pp.1216-1227
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• 2013

GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System) is now being widely used in both civilian and military applications where accurate positioning and timing information are required and it is considered as a representative convergence technique in IT-Military application techniques. However, GNSS has low sensitivity level of GNSS receivers and is vulnerable to jamming signal, since the signals come from the satellite located at approximately 20,000 Km above the earth. The studies for the anti-jamming techniques in military applications have been passively performed in the domestic, because the information related GNSS are dependent on the countries that have GNSS. In this paper, we show the effect of jammer ERP by analyzing the link budget of GPS J/S power as a function of distance between jammer and receiver. Also, we categorize the anti-jamming techniques based on the functional block diagram of GNSS receiver structure and analyze the recent anti-jamming GNSS products and their technologies developed in domestic and foreign countries.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.642-650
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• 2010

In this paper, we study a TT&C link to obtain a required specifications of TT&C(Telemetry Tracking and Command system) antenna for an LEO(Low Earth Orbit) satellite. The premised mission orbit is the sun-synchronized and circular orbit and it performs earth-space observations. We design minimum TT&C link-budget to obtain required antenna beamwidth and gain. The proposed turnstile antenna provides wide beamwidth and circular polarization. We suggested the attaching position that shows the most effective results by confirming the variation of antenna performance when the proposed antenna is adapted to satellite's various positions. Also we proved the proposed antenna's ability while it is performing the mission through the orbit simulation based on the electrical performance of the proposed turnstile antenna.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.81-96
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• 2016

For rural landscape management to run in virtuous circle, the present study has paid attention to the roles and activities of local residents and administration, which are the main sectors of managing landscape. In this respect, this study is aimed to arrange the roles of local residents and administration for landscape management and propose the basic data necessary to develope evaluation index for effectiveness of rural landscape policy. Key findings and implications are as follows. First, literature reviews of 18 landscape management studies found 37 administrative roles and 7 roles of local residents. And those roles were classified into 3 factors by similar concept: 'local government support system', 'landscape management planning', and 'promoting the participation of residents'. Second, two Delphi surveys were conducted with landscape experts to verify the validity of those evaluation items by sector. Third, factor analysis was carried out to analyze the hierarchical structure of those evaluation items. 3 sub-factors were extracted from 'local government support system' sector; 2 sub-factors from the 'landscape management planning' sector; and 4 sub-factors from the 'promoting participation of residents' sector. Fourth, the hierarchy of those evaluation factors was divided into high and low classes and sub-indexes were structured to examine the relative importance of each class and assign a relative weight on each index. The most important sub-factors were turned out as follows: 'local residents' will to practice landscape activities (0.112)', 'local government budget for rural landscape management (0.088), and 'restriction on buildings by village regulation (0.068). It indicates the viewpoints of the landscape experts that local residents' voluntary participation in landscape activities and agreement of local residents on landscape management by village, e.g. village regulation, are preconditions for successful landscape management. In addition, it is significant for a local government to secure the budget of landscape management to support local residents support.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.11
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• pp.1125-1139
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• 2006

In 1991, the Ministry of Health & Social affairs adopted a nationwide service program for neonatal screening of phenylketonuria, galactosemia, maple syrup urine disease, homocystinuria, histidinemia & congenital hypothyroidism for newborns delivered from low class pregnant women registered in health centers. Government decreased the test items from six to two, PKU & congenital hypothyroidism to increase test numbers with same budget from 1995. Government decided to test PKU & hypothyroidism for all newborns from 1997. 78 laboratories wanted to participate for neonatal screening test in 1999. Government didn't decide laboratory center for a certain district and placed responsibility on free competition. Government are planning to test 573,000 newborns from 1998, Government decided to screen 6 items PKU, congenital hypothyroidism, maple syrup urine disese, homocystinuria, galactosemia and congenital adrenal hyperplasia from 2006. 17 laboratores are participating now. The cost of screening test is supported by both the federal government and local government on a 40-60 basis. In case a patient with an inherited metabolic disease is diagnosed by screening of government program, special milk is provided at government's expense. Interlaboratory quality control was started 6 times a year from 1994. According to the government project, 3,707,773 newborns were screened. 86 PKU, 718 congenital hypothyroidism were detected. So incidence of PKU is 1/43,114 and congenital hypothyroidism is 1/4,612. Maeil dairy company produced new special formula for PKU, MMA and PA, MSUD, urea cycle disorder, homocystinuria, isovaleric acidemia from Oct. 1999. The cost benefit of performing screening procedures coupled with treatment has been estimated to be as high as 1.77 times in PKU, 11.11 times in congenital hypothyroidism than cost without screening. We are trying to increase the budget to test all newborns for Tandem mass sereening & Wilson disease from 2008. Now it is a very important problem to decrease laboratory numbers of neonatal screening in Korea. So we are considering 4-5 central laboratories which cover all newborns and are equipped with tandem mass spectrometer & enzyme immunoassay for TSH, 17OHP & enzyme colorimetric assay for galactose.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.167-190
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• 2016

This study aims to analyze the current status of e-book management and services in academic libraries and identify related issues in the provision of the services. To do that, it performed case studies with A and B university libraries. E-book usage statistics was collected from each library and interviews were conducted with librarians responsible for e-book management and services. The interviews included questions regarding obstacles to e-book management and services and current issues as well as budget and acquisition, access and catalogues, usage, and marketing for e-books. The results show that in both libraries, the usage of e-books is low compared with that of printed books and the usage of e-books has declined recently. This is because of lack of new books with shortage of budget. Also, the most important issue surrounding e-book services is academic library evaluation, enacted by Academic Library Promotion Act in 2015. This study discussed how the criteria for academic library evaluation influence the way the academic libraries acquire and manage e-books.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.31
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• pp.167-192
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• 2005

How to facilitate Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC)? An approach to answer this question is to identify an organization's internal and external barriers to IMC and then to resolve them. Eight dimensions emerged from the factor analysis of the barrier items: organizational structure problem, department ego, lack of database, difficulty in analyzing effectiveness, lack of perception on consumer-oriented communication, increasing dependency on an agency, lack of agencies' expertise on IMC, and fear of budget reductions. With regression analyses, this study found that 'organizational structure problem' and 'lack of perception on consumer-oriented communication' were negatively related to IMC and that 'department ego', 'lark of perception on consumer-oriented Communication', 'organizational structure problem', and 'fear of budget reductions' were negatively related to the expectation of IMC usefulness. The findings indicate that organizations surveyed stay at a low level of IMC and urgently needs to resolve internal barriers rather than external ones in order to enhance IMC.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

Many inborn errors of metabolism can be completely cured with early detection and early treatment. This is why neonatal screening on inborn errors of metabolism is implemented worldwide. In 1991, the Ministry of Health & Social affairs adopted a nationwide service program for neonatal screening of phenylketonuria, galactosemia, maple syrup urine disease, homocystinuria, histidinemia and congenital hypothyroidism for newborns delivered from low class pregnant women registered in health centers. Government decreased the test items from six to two, PKU and congenital hypothyroidism to increase test numbers with same budget from 1995. 78 laboratories wanted to participate for neonatal screening test in 1999. Government decided to screen six items of PKU, congenital hypothyroidism, maple syrup urine disease, homocystinuria, galactosemia and congenital adrenal hyperplasia from 2006. In 2014, thirteen laboratories are participating. Inter laboratory quality control was started 6 times a year from 1994. In case a patient with an inherited metabolic disease is diagnosed by screening of government program, special milk is provided at government's expense. According to the government project, from 1997 to 2013, 7,080,569 newborns were screened. 144 PKU, 2.451 congenital hypothyroidism were detected. So incidence of PKU is 1/49,170 and congenital hypothyroidism is 1/2,888. The cost benefit of performing screening procedures coupled with treatment has been estimated to be as high as 1.77 times in PKU, 11.11 times in congenital hypothyroidism than cost without screening. By January 2007, many European countries had expanded of their newborn screening programs by inclusion of Tandem mass spectrometry. We are trying to increase the budget to test all newborns for Tandem mass spectrometry from 2016. We are considering four to five central laboratories which cover all newborns and are equipped with tandem mass spectrometer & enzyme immunoassay for TSH, 17OHP & enzyme colorimetric assay for galactose. And I hope to expand test including Wilson disease screening test and lysosomal storage diseases.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.209-235
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• 2006

Since the end of the cold war, technical tie-up between private corporations and an army in developed countries has increased a lot, and the trend is spreading through developing countries rapidly. To cope with the circumstance actively, the dual use technology program for both private corporations and an army was begun in Korea in 1998. With the program, overlapping investment was resolved and technology transfer was stimulated. And the standardization and information exchange saved considerable national budget and made possible economic profit. Yet, the combination project of 4 ministries and offices showed problems such as loose cooperation and, low industralization record. However, developed countries are out of the mere stage of dual technology development and turn into broad technical tie-up including future prediction, national competitiveness improvement, and the private company's leading participation and they are systemizing them very fast. Korea also set up the national defense reform plan with the blueprint of future military force improvement, budget increase for national defense research, and increased participation of private corporations, and created Defense Acquisition program Administration to support them. The innovation of national defense system brings forward the need to link the private and military innovation. Korea has pursued the fast growth through assimilation, absorption, and improvement of foreign technology. But now, Korea has to focus on self innovation, original technology, parts and material. As this applies to private companies and military equally, it is important to concentrate limited resources for the effective technology cooperation. Considering this, the strategies to activate the dual use technology are program concept and range extension, task-deduction way improvement and future-oriented common task deduction, and promotion system improvement.