Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5572/ajae.2012.6.3.222

Response of Ecosystem Carbon and Water Vapor Exchanges in Evolving Nocturnal Low-Level Jets  

Hong, Jin-Kyu (Department of Atmospheric Sciences/Global Environment Lab, Yonsei University)
Mathieu, Nathalie (Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University)
Strachan, Ian B. (Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University)
Pattey, Elizabeth (Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Center, Agricultural and Agro-Food Canada)
Leclerc, Monique Y. (Lab for Environmental Physics, University of Georgia)
Publication Information
Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment / v.6, no.3, 2012 , pp. 222-233 More about this Journal
Abstract
The nocturnal low-level jet makes a significant impact on carbon and water exchanges and turbulent mixing processes in the atmospheric boundary layer. This study reports a case study of nocturnal surface fluxes such as $CO_2$ and water vapor in the surface layer observed at a flat and homogeneous site in the presence of low-level jets (LLJs). In particular, it documents the temporal evolution of the overlying jets and the coincident response of surface fluxes. The present study highlights several factors linking the evolution of low-level jets to surface fluxes: 1) wavelet analysis shows that turbulent fluxes have similar time scales with temporal scale of LLJ evolution; 2) turbulent mixing is enhanced during the transition period of low-level jets; and 3) $CO_2$, water vapor and heat show dissimilarity from momentum during the period. We also found that LLJ activity is related not only to turbulent motions but also to the divergence of mean flow. An examination of scalar profiles and turbulence data reveal that LLJs transport $CO_2$ and water vapor by advection in the stable boundary layer, suggesting that surface fluxes obtained from the micrometeorological method such as nocturnal boundary layer budget technique should carefully interpreted in the presence of LLJs.
Keywords
$CO_2$ and water vapor exchanges; Surface fluxes; Nocturnal low-level jet; Turbulent mixing; Atmospheric boundary layer;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Smedman, A.S. (1988) Observations of a multi-level turbulence structure in a very stable atmospheric boundarylayer. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 44, 231-253.   DOI
2 Smedman, A.S., Bergstrom, H., Högstrom, U. (1995) Spectra, variances and length scales in a marine stable boundary layer dominated by a low level jet. Boundary- Layer Meteorology 76, 211-232.   DOI
3 Smedman, A.S., Hogstrom, U., Hunt, J.C.R. (2004) Effects of shear sheltering in a stable atmospheric boundary layer with strong shear. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 130, 31-50.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Stensrud, D.J. (1996) Importance of low-level jets to climate: A review. Journal of Climate 9, 1698-1711.   DOI
5 Sun, J.L., Burns, S.P., Lenschow, D.H., Banta, R., Newsom, R., Coulter, R., Frasier, S., Ince, T., Nappo, C., Cuxart, J., Blumen, W., Lee, X., Hu, X.Z. (2002) Intermittent turbulence associated with a density current passage in the stable boundary layer. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 105, 199-219.   DOI
6 Uccellini, L., Johnson, D. (1979) Coupling of upper and lower tropospheric jet streaks and implications for the development of severe convective storms. Monthly Weather Review 107, 682-703.   DOI
7 Whiteman, C.D., Bian, X.D., Zhong, S.Y. (1997) Lowlevel jet climatology from enhanced rawinsonde observations at a site in the southern great plains. Journal of Applied Meteorology 36, 1363-1376.   DOI
8 Williams, C., Scanlon, T., Albertson, J. (2007) Influence of surface heterogeneity on scalar dissimilarity in the roughness sublayer. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 122, 149-165.   DOI
9 Mathieu, N., Strachan, I.B., Leclerc, M.Y., Karipot, A., Pattey, E. (2005) Role of low-level jets and boundarylayer properties on the NBL budget technique. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 135, 35-43.   DOI   ScienceOn
10 McNaughton, K.G. (2006) On the kinetic energy budget of the unstable atmospheric surface layer. Boundary- Layer Meteorology, 118, 83-107.   DOI
11 McNaughton, K.G. Brunet, Y. (2002) Townsend's hypothesis, coherent structures and Monin-Obukhov similarity. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 102, 161-175.   DOI
12 Mitchell, M.J., Arritt, R.W., Labas, K. (1995) A climatology of the warm-season great-plains low-level jet using wind profiler observations. Weather and Forecasting 10, 576-591.   DOI
13 Nieuwstadt, F.T.M. (1984) Some aspects of the turbulent stable boundary layer. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 30, 31-55.   DOI
14 Ohya, Y., Nakamura, R., Uchida, T. (2008) Intermittent bursting of turbulence in a stable boundary layer with low-level jet. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 126, 349- 363.   DOI
15 Pahlow, M., Parlange, M.B., Porte-Agel, F. (2001) On Monin-Obukhov similarity in the stable atmospheric boundary layer. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 99, 225- 248.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Pattey, E., Strachan, I.B., Desjardins, R.L., Massheder, J. (2002) Measuring nighttime $CO_{2}$ flux over terrestrial ecosystems using eddy covariance and nocturnal boundary layer methods. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 113, 145-158.   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Prabha, T.V., Leclerc, M.Y., Karipot, A. (2007) Low-frequency effects on eddy covariance fluxes under the influence of a low-level jet. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 46, 338-352.   DOI
18 Cuxart, J., Jimenez, M.A. (2007) Mixing processes in a nocturnal low-level jet: An LES study. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 64, 1666-1679.   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Falge, E., Baldocchi, D., Tenhunen, J., Aubinet, M., Bakwin, P., Berbigier, P., Bernhofer, C., Burba, G., Clement, R., Davis, K.J., Elbers, J.A., Goldstein, A.H., Grelle, A., Granier, A., Guomundsson, J., Hollinger, D., Kowalski, A.S., Katul, G., Law, B.E., Malhi, Y., Meyers, T., Monson, R.K., Munger, J.W., Oechel, W., Paw, K.T., Pilegaard, K., Rannik, U., Rebmann, C., Suyker, A., Valentini, R., Wilson, K., Wofsy, S. (2002) Seasonality of ecosystem respiration and gross primary production as derived from FluxNet measurements. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 113, 53-74.   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Dias, N.L., Brutsaert, W., Wesely, M.L. (1995) Z-less stratification under stable conditions. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 75, 175-187.   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Finnigan, J.J. (1999) A note on wave-turbulence interaction and the possibility of scaling the very stable boundary layer. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 90, 529-539.   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Gloor, M. (2001) What is the concentration footprint of a tall tower? Journal of Geophysical Research 106, 17 831-17 840.   DOI
23 Goulden, M., Munger, J.W., Fan, S.M., Daube, B.C., Wofsy, S.C. (1996) Measurements of carbon sequestration by long-term eddy covariance: Methods and a critical evaluation of accuracy. Global Change Biology 2, 169-182.   DOI
24 Grachev, A.A., Fairall, C.W., Persson, P.O.G., Andreas, E.L., Guest, P.S. (2005) Stable boundary-layer scaling regimes: The SHEBA data. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 116, 201-235.   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Izumi, Y., Barad, M.L. (1963) Wind and temperature variations during the development of a low-level jet. Journal of Applied Meteorology 2, 668-673.   DOI
26 Mahrt, L. (1999) Stratified atmospheric boundary layers. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 90, 375-396.   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Bergstom, H., Smedman, A.S. (1995) Stably stratified flow in a marine atmospheric surface-layer. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 72, 239-265.   DOI
28 Banta, R.M. (2003) Relationship between low-level jet properties and turbulence kinetic energy in the nocturnal stable boundary layer. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 60, 2549-2555.   DOI
29 Banta, R.M., Newsom, R.K., Lundquist, J.K., Pichugina, Y.L., Coulter, R.L., Mahrt, L. (2002) Nocturnal lowlevel jet characteristics over Kansas during cases-99. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 105, 221-252.   DOI
30 Basu, S., Porte-Agel, F., Foufoula-Georgiou, E., Vinuesa, J.F., Pahlow, M. (2006) Revisiting the local scaling hypothesis in stably stratified atmospheric boundarylayer turbulence: An integration of field and laboratory measurements with large-eddy simulations. Boundary- Layer Meteorology 119, 473-500.   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Beyrich, F. (1997) Mixing height estimation from SODAR data - a critical discussion. Atmospheric Environment 31, 3941-3953.   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Blackadar, A.K. (1957) Boundary layer wind maxima and their significant for the growth of nocturnal inversions. Bulletin of American Meteorological Society 38, 283- 290.
33 Chen, T.C., Kpaeyeh, J.A. (1993) The synoptic-scale environment associated with the low-level jet of the greatplains. Monthly Weather Review 121, 416-420.   DOI
34 Cheng, Y., Parlange, M., Brutsaert, W. (2005) Pathology of Monin-Obukhov similarity in the stable boundary layer. Journal of Geophysical Research 110, D06101, doi:10.1029/2004JD004923.
35 Corsmeier, U., Kalthoff, N., Kolle, O., Kotzian, M., Fiedler, F. (1997) Ozone concentration jump in the stable nocturnal boundary layer during a LLJ-event. Atmospheric Environment 31, 1977-1989.   DOI   ScienceOn
36 Baldocchi, D.D. (2008) Breathing of the terrestrial biosphere: Lessons learned from a global network of carbon dioxide flux measurement systems. Australian Journal of Botany 56, 1-26.   DOI   ScienceOn
37 Andreas, E.L., Hill, R.J., Gosz, J.R., Moore, D., Otto, W. D., Sarma, A.D. (1998) Statistics of surface-layer turbulence over terrain with metre-scale heterogeneity. Boundary- Layer Meteorology 86, 379-408.   DOI