• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.210-213
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• 1998

Background: Epidural steroid therapy has been well-established for the treatment of sciatica and low back pain. Disappointing results following surgical decompression or discectomy have led to wide trials of corticosteroids injected either systemically or into the intraspinally. Although epidural steroid is known to be very effective in the treatment of the patients with low back pain, few data showed the therapeutic duration of epidural steroid. Methods: We studied 120 patients who were treated with epidural steroid for the treatment of low back pain or sciatica or both. We retrospectively analysed the duration of analgesia, number of injections per each session, and complications. Results: The duration of analgesia ranged from 17 days to 300 days, and the mean duration was $73.7{\pm}70.5$ (SD) days. The mean number of injections per each session was $1.8{\pm}1.3$ (range: 1 to 12). There were no significant complications with epidural steroid injections. Conclusions: One to three epidural steroid injections at one week interval leads more than two months of pain relief without significant complications.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1981-1991
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• 2020

Background: Although various exercises have been performed for patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP), the effects of these exercises including joint mobilization, gym ball exercises, and breathing exercises on flexion relaxation ratio (FRR) have not been compared. Objective: To compare the effects of joint mobilization, gym ball exercises, and breathing exercises on the flexion relaxation phenomenon (FRP) and pain in patients with chronic low back pain. Design: Randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Methods: Thirty-six patients with chronic low back pain who were undergoing rehabilitation at a rehabilitation center were included. The patients were randomly divided into three groups: joint mobilization group (JMG; n=12), gym ball exercise group (GBG; n=12), and breathing exercise group (BEG; n=12). The exercises were performed for 40 minutes a day, twice a week, for a total of 12 weeks. Results: There were no significant differences in FRR between the three groups (P>.05). Significant decreases in the modified visual analog scale (MVAS) scores after intervention between the groups were found (P<.05). The GBG was significantly decreases from the JMG in the MVAS (P<.05). However, there were significant improvements between the pre- and post-interventional findings on FRR and MVAS in the three groups (P<.05). Conclusion: We demonstrated that intervention using joint mobilization, gym ball exercises, and breathing exercises improve FRP and pain in patients with CLBP.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a multi-modal exercise program for patients with chronic low back with respect to pain intensity, trunk muscle strength and Oswestry disability index. Methods: Thirty patients with chronic low back pain were recruited and divided equally into two groups. The multi-modal training program comprised a series of exercises such as warm-up, stabilization exercises, stretching, endurance exercises, and cool down whereas the control group performed only stabilization exercises. The both group spent an equal amount of time performing 60 minutes per day, three times per week, for five weeks. Results: The experimental group demonstrated statistically significant improvements in range of motion, trunk muscle strength, the visual analogue scale, and the Oswestry Disability Index (p<.05). Intergroup comparison showed a statistically significant difference in the range of motion of the lumbar spine and the degree of disability in the experimental group. Muscle strength and pain were statistically significant in both groups. Conclusion: The multi-modal exercise program is effective for patients with chronic low back pain, as it reduces lower back pain, increases trunk muscles strength, and decrease the potential for becoming disabled.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2009

Background: The purpose of this research was to investigate the factors affecting the low back pain of workers in hospital. 214 subjects waking at two general hospitals in Yosu city participated in this survey. Subjects consisted of doctors, nurses, medical engineers, officers and general laborers. The survey data were collected by a written questionnaire which made out by themselves for 25 days, from fourth August to 29th August, 2008. Methods: The questionnaire consisted of four categories, general, occupational, working habitual and the daily living characteristics. The collected data were analyzed by Chi-square test based on the present or absent of low back pain. Results: 1. In the general characteristics, low back pain had no significant relationship to all factors, sex, ago, body mass index, weight and height. 2. In the occupational characteristics, the phase of distribution of low back pain had statistical significant differences in the working hours a week, satisfaction of pay, satisfaction of occupation(p<0.05). However low back pain did not significantly related to the kind of occupation, period of work and degree of stress. 3. In the habitual characteristics, low back pain was significantly influenced by working posture, frequency of using lumbar and heavy material lifting, monotonous repetition of working operation and noise(p<0.05). No significant difference was shown in the factor of convenience of chair. 4. In the daily living characteristics, low back pain shown the significant differences in walking time a day, status of health and smoking pattern(p<0.05). there were, however, no significant differences in the aspect of the kind of house and bed, sleeping attitude, driving, riding time on the vehicle, exercising, frequency of cultural life and drinking alcohol. Conclusion: when I see above resultants totally, it appears a higher incidence caused by working environment rather than living habit and then consequently compared to hospital workers, they also have high incidence like others. In order to reduce incidence of low back pain and enjoy the our life we need to educate ourselves preventing program for low back pain and try to effort for preventing of low back pain on each department and individual.

• 천문학회보
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.42-42
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• 2012

The First stars (Pop.III stars) in the universe are expected to be formed between the recombination era at z - 1100 and the most distant quasar (z - 8). They have never been directly detected due to its faintness so far, but can be observed as a background radiation at around 1${\mu}m$ which is called the Cosmic Near-Infrared Background (CNB). Main part of the CNB is thought to be redshifted Lyman-alpha from gas clouds surrounding the Pop.III stars. Until now, the COBE (COsmic Background Explorer) and the IRTS (Infrared Telescope in Space) observed excess emission over the background due to galaxies. To confirm the COBE and the IRTS results and pursue more observational evidences, we carried out the sounding rocket experiment named the Cosmic Infrared Background ExpeRiment (CIBER). The CIBER is successfully launched on July 10, 2010 at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, USA. It consists of three kinds of instruments. We report the results obtained by LRS (Low Resolution Spectrometer) which is developed to fill the uncovered spectrum around 1${\mu}m$. LRS is a refractive telescope of 5.5 cm aperture with spectral resolution of 20 - 30 and wavelength coverage of 0.7 to 2.0${\mu}m$. After subtracting foreground components (zodiacal light, integrated star light and diffuse galactic light) from the sky brightness of observed five fields, there remained significant residual emission (even for the lower limit case) consistent with the IRTS and the COBE results. In addition, there exists a clear gap at 0.7 - 0.8${\mu}m$ in the CNB spectrum over the background due to galaxies according to recent results (Matsuoka et al. 2011; Mattila et al. 2011). The origin of the excess emission could be ascribed to the Pop.III stars with its active era of z = 7 - 10.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.80-86
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• 2016

Background: Prone hip extension (PHE) can be performed to measure the lumbopelvic motor patterns and motions. Imbalances in lumbopelvic muscle activity and muscle weakness can result in instability including pain in lumbopelvic region. The posterior oblique sling (POS) muscles contribute to dynamic lumbopelvic stability. In addition, POS are anatomically aligned with the trapezius muscle group according to shoulder positions. Objects: This study compared the electromyography (EMG) activity of POS and pelvic compensations during PHE with and without pre-activation of lower trapezius muscle (lowT). Methods: Sixteen healthy males were recruited. PHE was performed in randomized order: PHE with and without lowT pre-activation. Surface EMG signals were recorded for biceps femoris (BF), gluteus maximus (GM) (ipsilateral), lumbar multifidus (MF) (bilateral), and the lowT (contralateral). An electromagnetic tracking motion analysis was used to measure the angle of pelvic rotation and anterior tilting. Results: The ipsilateral GM and bilateral MF EMG amplitudes were greater during PHE with lowT pre-activation compared to PHE without lowT pre-activation (p<.05). The BF amplitude during PHE without lowT pre-activation was significantly greater than that during PHE with lowT pre-activation (p<.05). The angles of pelvic rotation and anterior tilting during PHE with lowT pre-activation were significantly smaller compared to PHE without lowT pre-activation (p<.05). Conclusion: PHE with lowT pre-activation, which is aligned with the POS, showed more increased MF and GM muscular activity with smaller lumbopelvic compensations in rotation and anterior tilting compared to PHE without lowT pre-activation.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2016

동적신장검사는 신장기능을 영상화하는 대표적인 방법이다. 동적신장검사에서 저선량 방사성의약품의 사용으로 기존 동적신장검사와 저선량을 사용한 신장검사의 비교를 통한 동적신장검사의 재현성을 평가해 보기로 했다. 본 비교실험을 통해 재현성이 우수할 경우 환자에 투여하는 방사선량을 줄인 동적신장검사법을 활용하고 환자의 피폭을 줄이고자 한다. 감마카메라 장비로는 Orbiter, SymbiaE (Siemens, Germany)를 사용하였고, 2013년 1월부터 2014년 2월까지 370 Mbq (10mCi)을 사용한 환자와 동일 환자 중 2014년 3월부터 2015년 7월까지 185 Mbq (5 mCi)을 사용한 환자를 대상으로 $^{99m}Tc-DTPA$사용 검사 21명과 $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$사용 검사 20명 총 41명을 대상으로 데이터를 선별하였다. 결과 영상의 Renogram에서 Peak 지점의 프레임을 선택하여 신장의 관심영역과 배후방사능의 관심영역을 설정하고 K/B ratio를 구하여 비교하였다. $^{99m}Tc-DTPA$를 사용한 검사에서 370 Mbq을 사용하였을 때의 K/B ratio는 평균 $5.67{\pm}0.8$이었고, 185 Mbq을 사용하였을 때는 평균 $5.62{\pm}0.87$로 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$를 사용한 검사에서도 신장/배후방사능 비는 370 Mbq을 사용 시 평균 $14.95{\pm}2.58$과 185 Mbq을 사용 시 평균 $14.56{\pm}2.02$로 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. Paired sample t-test결과 p-value는 $^{99m}Tc-DTPA$ 0.566, $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$ 0.363로 같은 비교집단 간 차이점이 없음을 확인하였다. 동일 환자를 대상으로 선량을 370 Mbq에서 185 Mbq로 줄였을 때의 동적신장검사의 재현성은 우수한 것으로 확인 되었다. 저선량 동적신장검사는 기존 감마카메라의 성능 개선 없이 재현성이 우수한 결과를 얻을 수 있고 환자의 피폭 또한 줄일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.1376-1382
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• 2016

본 논문에서는, 배경 잡음 제거 알고리즘을 적용하여 일반적인 3차원 광자 계수 집적 영상의 화질을 개선하는 방법을 설명한다. 광자 계수 영상법은 광자가 매우 희박한 환경에서 소수의 광자를 검출하여 영상을 시각화 하는 방법이다. 하지만, 배경에서 발생되는 광자의 수가 많을 때, 원하는 물체의 광자 검출은 매우 어렵다. 이로 인해, 복원된 영상의 화질이 저하되는 문제점이 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 불필요한 배경 잡음을 제거하고 오로지 원하는 물체에서만 광자를 검출하는 새로운 광자 계수 영상법을 제안한다. 또한, 3차원 정보를 획득하기 위해 집적 영상을 사용한다. 제안된 알고리즘의 유용성을 증명하기 위하여 광학적 실험을 수행하고 성능 평가를 위해 평균 제곱 오류 값을 계산한다.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.372-379
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 LBP와 HSV 컬러 히스토그램을 이용한 내용 기반 영상 검색 방법을 제안한다. 영상 검색 시스템에서는 텍스트가 아닌 사용자가 원하는 특정한 객체를 포함하는 영상을 질의로 입력하여 원하는 영상을 검색한다. 대부분의 연구에서는 색상, 질감, 모양 등과 같은 전역 특징 값을 이용하여 영상을 검색한다. 이러한 전역 특징 값들은 하늘이나 바닥과 같은 배경이 큰 부분을 차지하는 영상에서는 특징 값의 대부분이 배경에서 추출되어 영상 검색의 성능 저하를 초래한다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해, 컬러를 이용하여 영상의 배경을 고속으로 검출하고 배경의 영향을 줄여 관심 객체의 특징을 강조한다. 제안된 방법에서는 특징 값으로 HSV 컬러 히스토그램과 Local Binary Patterns을 사용한다. 또한, 색의 경계 부분의 패턴을 추출하기 위해 양자화 된 Hue 채널에서 Local Binary Patterns을 추출한다. 제안된 알고리즘의 성능 검증하기 위해, Corel 1000 database를 이용하여 실험한 결과 82% 이상의 높은 검색 정확도를 나타내었다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1171-1179
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• 2013

IAS는 대게 사용자가 자신의 취향에 맞는 음악을 직접 제작 및 편집 가능한 기능을 제공하는 서비스이다. SAOC는 낮은 전송률로 IAS가 가능한 다객체 오디오 코딩 기술이다. 하지만 SAOC 기법은 특정 객체를 제거하는 경우, 특히 보컬 객체를 제거하는 경우 배경음악에 보컬 객체의 하모닉이 남아있는 문제점이 있다. 그래서 본 논문은 하모닉 추출과 제거를 사용한 보컬 객체 제거 기법을 제안한다. 제안 하는 기법은 부호화기에서 추출한 하모닉 정보를 이용하여 복호화기에서 보컬 객체 신호를 다운믹스 신호에서 제거하는 기법이다. 하모닉 정보로써, 기본 주파수, MVF, 하모닉 크기를 사용한다. 성능평가로 객관적, 주관적 실험을 수행하였으며 모든 실험 결과를 통해 SAOC 기법보다 제안하는 기법이 우수함을 확인한다.